【摘要】：電力工業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè),為了適應(yīng)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高,電網(wǎng)企業(yè)需要持續(xù)推進(jìn)電網(wǎng)建設(shè),以確保電網(wǎng)的不斷發(fā)展和社會用電量的不斷增長,從而成為國家物質(zhì)文明和精神文明發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)保障。2010年7月29日連接青海和西藏的能源大動脈—青藏電網(wǎng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程在青海格爾木和西藏拉薩同時(shí)開工建設(shè),2011年11月青藏聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程建設(shè)任務(wù)完成,標(biāo)志著世界最高海拔的最大輸電工程全面建成,并投入試運(yùn)行。青藏聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程是世界上海拔最高、線路最長的輸變電工程。特殊的建設(shè)環(huán)境和運(yùn)行環(huán)境,使得它與一般項(xiàng)目具有特殊的差異性,因此需要以新的方法和新的視角對環(huán)境影響進(jìn)行評價(jià)。本文以電網(wǎng)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目后評價(jià)理論尤其是電網(wǎng)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)境影響后評價(jià)理論為理論基礎(chǔ),以青藏聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程為研究對象,深入分析了高海拔地區(qū)大型輸電項(xiàng)目的環(huán)境特征并依此建立了高海拔地區(qū)特有的環(huán)境影響評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,主要包括自然環(huán)境、社會環(huán)境以及經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境三個(gè)方面,通過對指標(biāo)體系的特性進(jìn)行研究后選取改進(jìn)的熵權(quán)可拓法對其環(huán)境影響進(jìn)行評價(jià),最后得出該輸電項(xiàng)目對自然環(huán)境污染較小,竣工投入使用后所產(chǎn)生的工頻電場、工頻磁場、噪聲值都符合國家規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),沒有破壞沿線的自然人文景觀,廢棄物和污染物治理及時(shí);對生態(tài)環(huán)境影響較小,對沿途涉及到的珍貴野生動植物的破壞和影響降到了較低水平,項(xiàng)目施工完成后較及時(shí)的恢復(fù)了綠化水平和植被覆蓋率,基本符合行業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:Electric power industry is the basic industry of national economy. In order to adapt to the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standard, power grid enterprises need to continue to promote the construction of power grid, in order to ensure the continuous development of power grid and the continuous growth of social electricity consumption. This has become an important basic guarantee for the development of national material civilization and spiritual civilization. The energy artery connecting Qinghai and Tibet on July 29, 2010-the Qinghai-Tibet power grid interconnection project began construction in Golmud, Qinghai, and Lhasa, Tibet, at the same time, 2011. In November 2000, the Qinghai-Tibet network project was completed. Marking the world's highest elevation of the largest transmission project completed, and put into trial operation. Qinghai-Tibet network project is the highest elevation and longest transmission and transformation project in the world. The special construction environment and the running environment make it have special difference from the general project, so it is necessary to evaluate the environmental impact with new methods and new perspectives. Based on the post-evaluation theory of power grid construction project, especially the post-evaluation theory of environmental impact of power grid construction project, this paper takes the Qinghai-Tibet network project as the research object. Based on the analysis of the environmental characteristics of large power transmission projects in high-altitude areas, a specific environmental impact assessment index system for high-altitude areas is established, which includes three aspects: natural environment, social environment and economic environment. Through the study of the characteristics of the index system, the improved entropy weight extension method is selected to evaluate the environmental impact. Finally, it is concluded that the power frequency electric field and the power frequency magnetic field produced by the transmission project are less polluted to the natural environment and put into use after the completion of the project. The noise values all conform to the standards prescribed by the state, do not destroy the natural and cultural landscape along the line, and the waste and pollutants are treated in a timely manner; and the impact on the ecological environment is relatively small. The destruction and influence of the precious wildlife involved along the way has been reduced to a lower level, and the greening level and vegetation coverage have been restored in time after the completion of the project construction, which basically accords with the standards of the industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X82;F426.61

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