快速城市化進程中烏魯木齊市景觀格局時空分異特征的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-17 20:37
【摘要】：城市化正對當(dāng)今世界產(chǎn)生深刻的影響,中國的城市化已經(jīng)進入加速發(fā)展時期。快速的城市化不僅表現(xiàn)在城市人口比例的提高,同時也帶來城市景觀格局、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、城市用地和就業(yè)等的變遷。隨著城市化的進一步發(fā)展,中國的城市生態(tài)面臨著嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。因此,城市景觀受到越來越多的關(guān)注。城市景觀格局是人地系統(tǒng)互動過程在地理空間中的真實反映,城市景觀格局的時空變化反映了城市化的過程。研究城市景觀格局的現(xiàn)狀特征、演化規(guī)律及其形成機制,對于實現(xiàn)城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。本文以烏魯木齊市為研究對象,首先利用ALOS/AVNIR-2、ALOS/PALSAR和數(shù)字高程圖像ASTER GDEM,采用決策樹方法提取了主要城市景觀信息并對提取結(jié)果進行精度評價。由于收集的ALOS數(shù)據(jù)有限,無法進行城市景觀空間變化的動態(tài)分析。因此,利用1990、1999和2010年的3期Landsat TM/ETM影像及數(shù)字高程圖像(DEM)為數(shù)據(jù)源,綜合利用RS、GIS技術(shù)與景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的理論和研究方法,對烏魯木齊市近20年間的景觀格局變化及其各景觀類型空間轉(zhuǎn)化特征進行了分析。得到以下結(jié)論:(1)結(jié)合光譜遙感數(shù)據(jù)與微波遙感數(shù)據(jù),可以補充光譜遙感數(shù)據(jù)中異物同譜問題所導(dǎo)致的城市建設(shè)用地與巖石裸地和山地陰影被誤分為建設(shè)用地的缺陷,有效并更精確的提取城市建設(shè)用地信息,其總體分類精度達到了91.5%。(2)城市景觀時空動態(tài)變化分析結(jié)果表明,1990-2010年烏魯木齊市各景觀類型面積比例的變化較明顯,總體表現(xiàn)為建設(shè)用地大幅增加,土地利用動態(tài)度為16.87%,林地面積增加趨勢,土地利用動態(tài)度達到了13.2%,其它植被和未利用地表現(xiàn)為持續(xù)減少趨勢,每年減少1.23%和1.75%。在城市景觀類型轉(zhuǎn)移變化上,各景觀類型的面積在空間分布上發(fā)生了一定程度的變化,主要是以建設(shè)用地面積的持續(xù)擴大,未利用地和其它植被面積的繼續(xù)減少為特點。其建設(shè)用地的擴大,以其它植被和未利用地的轉(zhuǎn)入為主,其中51.32 km2和150.85 km2面積轉(zhuǎn)入建設(shè)用地。在地形條件的制約下,城市以“T”字形軸向式擴展顯著,各景觀類型發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)換的空間位置主要位于城市的西北和東北地區(qū)。在景觀類型水平上,建設(shè)用地景觀呈現(xiàn)優(yōu)勢度增強、邊界越來越復(fù)雜和聚集度增長的趨勢;其它植被優(yōu)勢度下降,破碎化程度增加;水體景觀形狀較為規(guī)則,破碎化程度降低;未利用地破碎化程度加強,優(yōu)勢度和聚集程度下降。在景觀水平上,城市景觀整體破碎化程度增加,形狀趨于復(fù)雜,景觀異質(zhì)性增強,表現(xiàn)出多樣化和均勻化的發(fā)展趨勢。(3)綠地景觀現(xiàn)狀分析結(jié)果表明,整個研究區(qū)內(nèi)的綠地類型以公園綠地和單位附屬綠地為主,市區(qū)綠地景觀多樣性較低,各類型綠地景觀所占比例不均勻,公共綠地數(shù)量少且趨于團聚分布,形成許多綠化服務(wù)盲區(qū);各類型綠地景觀分維數(shù)較高,形狀較不規(guī)則;單位附屬綠地和居住綠地的破碎度較高,因為它們受人類的影響較大,形狀相對多樣、不規(guī)則。(4)在城市景觀類型動態(tài)變化的驅(qū)動力因素中,人口的增長、經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與政策等人文因素是引起景觀類型變化的最主要的驅(qū)動因素,而地形因子對城市各景觀類型空間結(jié)構(gòu)演變過程的影響是不可忽略的,仍然在一定程度上限定城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展框架。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is having a profound impact on the world today. China's urbanization has entered a period of accelerated development. Rapid urbanization not only reflects the increase in the proportion of urban population, but also brings about changes in urban landscape pattern, industrial structure, urban land use and employment. Urban landscape pattern is the real reflection of the interaction between human and land systems in geographic space, and the temporal and spatial changes of urban landscape pattern reflect the process of urbanization. To study the present situation, evolution and formation mechanism of urban landscape pattern is very important for realizing the city. Sustainable development has important theoretical and practical significance.This paper takes Urumqi as the research object.First of all,using ALOS/AVNIR-2,ALOS/PALSAR and digital elevation image ASTER GDEM,the decision tree method is used to extract the main urban landscape information and evaluate the accuracy of the extracted results.Because the collected ALOS data is limited,it can not be carried out. Therefore, using Landsat TM/ETM images and DEM images of 1990, 1999 and 2010 as data sources, and using RS, GIS technology and landscape ecology theory and research methods, this paper advances the landscape pattern changes and the spatial transformation characteristics of landscape types in Urumqi in the past 20 years. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Combining the spectral remote sensing data and the microwave remote sensing data, it can supplement the defect that the urban construction land and the rock bare land and the mountain shadow are misclassified as the construction land, and extract the urban construction land information more effectively and accurately, and its overall classification accuracy can be improved. (2) The results of spatial and temporal changes of urban landscape showed that the proportion of different landscape types in Urumqi changed obviously from 1990 to 2010. The overall performance was that construction land increased significantly, land use dynamic degree was 16.87%, forest land area increased, land use dynamic degree reached 13.2%, other vegetation and unused land. In the change of urban landscape type transfer, the area of each landscape type has changed to a certain extent, mainly characterized by the continuous expansion of construction land area, unused land and other vegetation areas continue to reduce. It mainly transfers vegetation and unused land, of which 51.32 km2 and 150.85 km2 are transfered to construction land. Under the restriction of topographic conditions, the city expands remarkably in the form of "T" axis, and the spatial position of the transformation of landscape types is mainly located in the northwest and northeast of the city. The dominance degree strengthens, the boundary becomes more and more complex and the aggregation degree increases; the dominance degree of other vegetation decreases, the fragmentation degree increases; the water landscape shape is more regular, the fragmentation degree decreases; the unused land fragmentation degree strengthens, the dominance degree and the aggregation degree decreases. The results show that the green space types in the study area are mainly park green space and unit attached green space, the diversity of urban green space landscape is low, the proportion of different types of green space landscape is uneven, the number of public green space is small and the number of public green space is small. The fractal dimension of each type of green space landscape is higher and the shape is irregular; the fragmentation degree of the unit attached green space and residential green space is higher, because they are influenced by human being, the shape is relatively diverse and irregular. (4) In the driving force of the dynamic change of urban landscape types, the population growth. Rapid economic development, industrial structure and policy and other human factors are the most important driving factors for the change of landscape types. The influence of topography factors on the evolution process of urban landscape spatial structure can not be ignored, but still limits the development framework of urban spatial structure to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU984.1
本文編號：2247024
[Abstract]:Urbanization is having a profound impact on the world today. China's urbanization has entered a period of accelerated development. Rapid urbanization not only reflects the increase in the proportion of urban population, but also brings about changes in urban landscape pattern, industrial structure, urban land use and employment. Urban landscape pattern is the real reflection of the interaction between human and land systems in geographic space, and the temporal and spatial changes of urban landscape pattern reflect the process of urbanization. To study the present situation, evolution and formation mechanism of urban landscape pattern is very important for realizing the city. Sustainable development has important theoretical and practical significance.This paper takes Urumqi as the research object.First of all,using ALOS/AVNIR-2,ALOS/PALSAR and digital elevation image ASTER GDEM,the decision tree method is used to extract the main urban landscape information and evaluate the accuracy of the extracted results.Because the collected ALOS data is limited,it can not be carried out. Therefore, using Landsat TM/ETM images and DEM images of 1990, 1999 and 2010 as data sources, and using RS, GIS technology and landscape ecology theory and research methods, this paper advances the landscape pattern changes and the spatial transformation characteristics of landscape types in Urumqi in the past 20 years. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Combining the spectral remote sensing data and the microwave remote sensing data, it can supplement the defect that the urban construction land and the rock bare land and the mountain shadow are misclassified as the construction land, and extract the urban construction land information more effectively and accurately, and its overall classification accuracy can be improved. (2) The results of spatial and temporal changes of urban landscape showed that the proportion of different landscape types in Urumqi changed obviously from 1990 to 2010. The overall performance was that construction land increased significantly, land use dynamic degree was 16.87%, forest land area increased, land use dynamic degree reached 13.2%, other vegetation and unused land. In the change of urban landscape type transfer, the area of each landscape type has changed to a certain extent, mainly characterized by the continuous expansion of construction land area, unused land and other vegetation areas continue to reduce. It mainly transfers vegetation and unused land, of which 51.32 km2 and 150.85 km2 are transfered to construction land. Under the restriction of topographic conditions, the city expands remarkably in the form of "T" axis, and the spatial position of the transformation of landscape types is mainly located in the northwest and northeast of the city. The dominance degree strengthens, the boundary becomes more and more complex and the aggregation degree increases; the dominance degree of other vegetation decreases, the fragmentation degree increases; the water landscape shape is more regular, the fragmentation degree decreases; the unused land fragmentation degree strengthens, the dominance degree and the aggregation degree decreases. The results show that the green space types in the study area are mainly park green space and unit attached green space, the diversity of urban green space landscape is low, the proportion of different types of green space landscape is uneven, the number of public green space is small and the number of public green space is small. The fractal dimension of each type of green space landscape is higher and the shape is irregular; the fragmentation degree of the unit attached green space and residential green space is higher, because they are influenced by human being, the shape is relatively diverse and irregular. (4) In the driving force of the dynamic change of urban landscape types, the population growth. Rapid economic development, industrial structure and policy and other human factors are the most important driving factors for the change of landscape types. The influence of topography factors on the evolution process of urban landscape spatial structure can not be ignored, but still limits the development framework of urban spatial structure to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU984.1
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