【摘要】：本文選取包頭市青山區(qū)城區(qū)內(nèi)具有代表性的61條道路(共計(jì)68個(gè)道路樣段)作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)道路的綠化斷面布置形式、植物物種組成及數(shù)量、植物物種多樣性、植物景觀配置模式、植物觀賞特性5個(gè)方面進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究,運(yùn)用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法分析目前所存在的問題并予以解決對(duì)策,同時(shí)將調(diào)查研究結(jié)果運(yùn)用到具體案例實(shí)踐當(dāng)中,為青山區(qū)今后道路綠地的提升改造提供一些參考。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.道路綠化斷面布置形式包括一板兩帶式、兩板三帶式、三板四帶式、四板五帶式和特殊板式5種類型,其中一板兩帶式的道路樣段最多,四板五帶式的最少。2.現(xiàn)有道路綠化植物21科36屬55種,行道樹綠帶中以國槐、新疆楊、小葉楊等喬木為主要應(yīng)用樹種;中央分車綠帶中灌木植物應(yīng)用相對(duì)較多,尤以紫丁香、榆葉梅為主;兩側(cè)分車綠帶中國槐與水蠟籬的應(yīng)用頻率最高;路側(cè)綠帶中的植物種類最為豐富,各類型植物的應(yīng)用數(shù)量也較多。3.道路綠地中的喬木、灌木物種豐富度平均值分別為2.791和3.909、Simpson指數(shù)平均值分別為0.225和0.361、Shannon-wiener指數(shù)平均值分別為0.415和0.704、Pielou指數(shù)平均值分別為0.333和0.504,各項(xiàng)多樣性測(cè)算指標(biāo)均偏低。不同類型的道路其多樣性測(cè)算指標(biāo)結(jié)果有較大差異,即主干路次干路支路。4.調(diào)查道路的植物景觀配置模式因道路綠帶的不同而有所差異。行道樹綠帶的景觀配置模式比較簡(jiǎn)單且多為單層喬木結(jié)構(gòu);中央分車綠帶包括2種景觀配置模式,整體景觀特征以自然式為主;兩側(cè)分車綠帶的景觀配置模式靈活多變,同一道路樣段中的配置模式也不盡相同;路側(cè)綠帶的植物景觀配置模式多達(dá)9種,景觀配置結(jié)構(gòu)最為復(fù)雜。5.調(diào)查的55種觀賞植物中,包括觀花、觀果、觀葉、觀枝干、觀形等多個(gè)觀賞要素;植物色彩特性分析表明,觀花植物的色系最為豐富;植物季相特征在春、夏、秋三季變化明顯,冬季道路景觀非常單調(diào)。現(xiàn)狀存在的問題:(1)道路綠化布置形式單一,道路綠量偏低;(2)綠化植物種類不夠豐富,應(yīng)用比例失衡;(3)喬灌木物種多樣性數(shù)值較低,不同類型道路多樣性差異大;(4)植物景觀配置資源分布不均,缺少當(dāng)?shù)匚幕厣�。提出的發(fā)展對(duì)策:(1)完善道路綠化布置形式,合理增加綠量;(2)依據(jù)現(xiàn)狀增加植物品種,調(diào)整應(yīng)用結(jié)構(gòu);(3)提高喬灌木物種多樣程度,減小不同類型道路多樣性差異;(4)優(yōu)化植物景觀配置資源,挖掘當(dāng)?shù)匚幕瘍?nèi)涵。
[Abstract]:In this paper, 61 representative roads in Qingshan District of Baotou City (68 sections of roads) were selected as the research objects. The layout of green section, the composition and quantity of plant species, and the diversity of plant species were studied. Plant landscape configuration model, plant ornamental characteristics of five aspects of investigation and study, using mathematical statistics to analyze the existing problems and to solve the countermeasures, at the same time, the results of the investigation and research will be applied to the practice of specific cases, It will provide some reference for the improvement of road green space in the future in Qingshan area. The main results are as follows: 1. The layout of road greening section includes one plate and two bands, two plates and three bands, three plates and four bands, four plates and five bands, and five special plate types, among which, one plate and two bands are the most, and the four plates and five bands are the least. 2. There are 55 species of road greening plants belonging to 36 genera and 21 families. In the green belt of road trees, the trees such as Sophora japonica, Populus sinensis and Populus poplar are used as the main applied trees, and shrub plants in the central branch green belt are used more frequently, especially lilac and elm leaves. The frequency of application of locust and hedgerow was the highest in China, and the species of plants in the roadside green belt was the most abundant, and the number of different types of plants was also more. 3. The average values of species richness of trees and shrubs in road green land were 2.791 and 3.909 respectively, and the average values of Shannon-wiener index were 0.225 and 0.361, respectively. The average values of Shannon-wiener index were 0.415 and 0.704 Pielou index, respectively, 0.333 and 0.504, respectively. Different types of roads have great differences in the results of their diversity measurement index, that is, the main trunk road sub-trunk road branch road. 4. The plant landscape pattern of road was different according to the road green belt. The landscape configuration model of the green belt is simple and mostly single-layer Arbor structure; the central vehicle green belt includes two kinds of landscape configuration mode, the overall landscape characteristic is mainly natural type; the landscape configuration mode of the green belt on both sides is flexible and changeable, and the landscape configuration mode of the green belt is flexible and changeable. There are 9 plant landscape patterns in the roadside green belt, and the landscape configuration structure is the most complex. 5. Among the 55 ornamental plants investigated, there are many ornamental elements, such as flower, fruit, leaf, branches, shape, etc. The color characteristics of the plants are the most abundant, and the seasonal characteristics of the plants are in spring and summer. The autumn three seasons change obviously, the winter road landscape is very monotonous. The existing problems are as follows: (1) the form of road greening is single, the green quantity of road is low; (2) the species of greening plant is not rich enough, and the application proportion is out of balance; (3) the value of species diversity of tree and shrub is low. (4) the distribution of plant landscape resources is uneven and lack of local cultural characteristics. The development countermeasures are as follows: (1) to improve the layout of road greening, to increase the green quantity reasonably; (2) to increase plant varieties and adjust the application structure according to the present situation; (3) to improve the diversity of tree and shrub species. Reduce the diversity of different types of roads; (4) optimize the allocation of plant landscape resources, mining local cultural connotations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU985.18

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本文編號(hào)：2225707