泰安市木本園林植物最佳觀賞期調(diào)查研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-30 11:11
【摘要】：春季繁花似錦,夏季綠樹成蔭,秋季葉色多變,冬季銀裝素裹。城市綠化離不開園林植物,園林植物是園林景觀中最具生命力、富于變化的構(gòu)成要素,在景觀營造中發(fā)揮著不可替代的重要作用。每種園林植物都具有最佳觀賞期。最佳觀賞期指園林植物在形態(tài)上、色彩上具備最佳觀賞價值的時期,處在最佳觀賞期的園林植物的觀賞價值明顯高于其它時期,如觀花植物的花期,觀果植物的果期,色葉植物的葉變色期等。園林植物的最佳觀賞期和觀賞順序在植物配置中發(fā)揮著重要作用。掌握園林植物的最佳觀賞期和觀賞順序,將最佳觀賞期相近的植物進行科學(xué)配置,營造出花團錦簇、姹紫千紅的群花景觀。將觀賞期相互銜接的植物進行交錯時間配置,營造出三季有花、四季有景的連續(xù)園林景觀。本文以泰安市為例,從2012.9至2014.9對山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)北校區(qū)、南校區(qū)和東湖公園的110種(包括變種、品種)園林植物最佳觀賞期進行調(diào)查、研究,得出其最佳觀賞期和觀賞順序,為園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計、植物配置和養(yǎng)護管理提供科學(xué)的參考依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)論如下。1.園林植物的生長發(fā)育受氣候影響顯著,氣候條件很大程度上影響園林植物的最佳觀賞期。每年因氣候條件不同,園林植物最佳觀賞期的出現(xiàn)時間就會不同。盡管最佳觀賞期隨氣候變化而出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)波動,但是同一地點不同植物最佳觀賞期出現(xiàn)的順序幾乎不受氣候影響。恰恰園林植物最佳觀賞期的觀賞順序是本次實驗研究的關(guān)鍵,在植物配置營造連續(xù)觀賞景觀中發(fā)揮著重要作用。2.園林植物春季觀賞時期大致分為三個階段:①3.1-3.20;②3.21-5.15;③5.16-5.31。①3.1-3.20:為早春觀賞階段,約3月5日左右,春季花卉進入觀賞期。此時段開花植物樹種相對較少。主要有:迎春、山茱萸、望春玉蘭、山桃、連翹、金鐘花、杏等。②3.21-5.15:為春季觀賞盛期,70多種植物在此階段進入最佳觀賞期,呈現(xiàn)出百花齊放、姹紫嫣紅的花海景觀。主要有:紫荊、香茶呰、貼梗海棠、丁香、美人梅、白梨、西府海棠、碧桃、飛黃玉蘭、垂絲海棠等。③5.16-5.31:為晚春觀賞階段,此時觀花樹種急劇減少,春花景觀已進入尾聲。主要有:紅王子錦帶、西洋接骨木、迎夏、華北珍珠梅、凌霄、合歡等。夏季觀賞時期大致分為兩個階段:①6.1-6.30;②7.1-8.31。①6.1-6.30:為夏花觀賞盛期,大部分夏花植物在此階段進入最佳觀賞期,是夏季開花數(shù)量最多的時間段,其中月季花期最長,從5月中旬進入最佳觀賞期一直持續(xù)到11月份,達200天以上,是貫穿整個夏季的觀賞期最長的樹種。主要有:月季、廣玉蘭、凌霄、合歡、女貞、浙江紫薇、紫薇、欒樹、木槿等。②7.1-8.31:為夏花觀賞末期,此時段觀花數(shù)量較少,大部分植物處于綠葉期,因此觀花樹種顯得彌足珍貴,營造出萬綠從中一點紅的夏季景觀。其中喜樹在此階段進入觀果期,是較為稀少的夏季觀果樹種。主要有:月季、凌霄、紫薇、木槿、黃山欒、喜樹等。秋季觀賞時期大致分為2個階段:①9.1-10.10;②10.11-11.30。①9.1-10.10:為秋季觀賞始期,觀賞樹種相對較少,主要為夏末秋初觀花樹種、少量觀果、觀葉樹種。此時的觀果、觀葉樹種大部分剛進入最佳觀賞期,未達到觀賞盛期。主要有:凌霄、紫薇、木槿、黃山欒、喜樹、金銀木、銀杏、柿樹等。②10.11-11.30:為秋季觀賞盛期,觀賞樹種相對豐富,幾乎所有的觀果、觀葉樹種都已經(jīng)進入觀賞盛期,呈現(xiàn)出秋葉瑟瑟、秋果碩碩,不是春光勝似春光的秋季園林景觀。主要有:金銀木、銀杏、火棘、火炬樹、柿樹、爬山虎、烏桕、楓香、美國白蠟、紅瑞木、黃櫨、元寶楓、櫸樹、黃連木、石楠、雞爪槭、枸骨等。3.全年園林植物觀賞時期可分為四個階段(“春夏秋冬”)、兩個高峰期:①3.11-6.10,為一年中最為重要的賞花時節(jié),即“春季,賞花季”。其中觀花高峰期出現(xiàn)在4.1-5.10,近70種植物花期相互銜接、相互重疊,呈現(xiàn)出百花齊放、姹紫千紅的花海景觀。具體分為春夏兩個時段。春季觀賞時段為3.11-5.31,觀賞樹種全部為觀花樹種;夏季觀賞時段為6.1-6.10,觀賞樹種也為觀花樹種,為初夏觀花數(shù)量最為豐富的時間段。②6.11-10.10,為一年中相對平穩(wěn)的觀賞階段,即“夏季,綠葉季”。具體分為夏秋兩段。夏季觀賞時段為6.11-8.31,觀賞樹種以觀花樹為主。此時段觀花樹種相對較少,大部分植物處于綠葉期,呈現(xiàn)出萬綠從中一點紅的園林景觀;秋季觀賞時段為9.1-10.10,是秋季觀賞的初期,觀賞樹種為觀花、觀果樹種,以觀果樹為主。③10.11-11.30,為一年中重要的賞葉賞果時節(jié),即“秋季,賞葉觀果季”。觀賞樹種為觀色葉、觀果樹種,以觀色葉樹種為主。其中。10.21-11.30,觀賞樹種達25種以上,是園林植物觀賞的另一高峰期。秋葉瑟瑟、秋果碩碩,呈現(xiàn)出層林盡染,不是春花勝似春花的秋季園林景觀。④12.1-3.10,為一年中最為沉寂的觀賞階段,即“冬季,冬眠季”。此時,大部分植物處于休眠期,觀賞樹種主要為常綠樹種,觀果樹種,觀樹形、枝干樹種。兩個觀賞高峰期:4.1-5.10為春花觀賞的重要時節(jié),10.21-11.30為秋葉觀賞的最佳時機。4.園林植物的最佳觀賞期及觀賞順序在植物配置中發(fā)揮著重要作用。掌握園林植物的最佳觀賞期和觀賞順序,將最佳觀賞期相近的植物進行科學(xué)配置,營造出花團錦簇、姹紫千紅的群花景觀。將觀賞期相互銜接的植物進行交錯時間配置,營造出三季有花、四季有景的連續(xù)園林景觀。5.園林植物所處環(huán)境不同,溫度、光照等氣候因子不同,最佳觀賞期出現(xiàn)時間就會不同。不同環(huán)境中,最佳觀賞期受溫度、濕度、光照、土壤狀況、生物群落等綜合因素影響。其中,溫度成為重要因素。
[Abstract]:Urban greening is inseparable from garden plants. Garden plants are the most vigorous and changeable elements of landscape, and play an irreplaceable role in landscape construction. Each garden plant has the best ornamental period. It refers to the period when garden plants have the best ornamental value in shape and color, and the ornamental value of garden plants in the best ornamental period is obviously higher than that of other periods, such as the flowering period of ornamental plants, the fruit period of ornamental plants, the leaf discoloration period of colored plants, etc. Important role: grasp the best ornamental period and ornamental sequence of garden plants, arrange the plants with similar ornamental period scientifically, and create a floral landscape with floral clusters and purple flowers. For example, from September 2012 to September 2014, 110 species (including varieties and varieties) of garden plants in North Campus, South Campus and Donghu Park of Shandong Agricultural University were investigated, and the optimum ornamental period and ornamental sequence were obtained. The main conclusions are as follows. 1. The growth and development of garden plants are significantly affected by climate, and the best ornamental period of garden plants is greatly affected by climate conditions. The optimal ornamental period of garden plants varies from year to year because of different climate conditions. The ornamental order of the optimum ornamental period of garden plants is the key to this experiment, and plays an important role in plant configuration and construction of continuous ornamental landscape.2. The ornamental period of garden plants in spring can be divided into three stages: 1.3-3.20; 2.21-5.15; 3.16-5.31.1-3.20: early. Spring ornamental stage, about March 5, the spring flowers into the ornamental period. At this time flowering plant species are relatively few. There are mainly: spring, cornel, Magnolia, hickory, forsythia, golden bell, apricot, etc. (2) 3.21-5.15: for the spring ornamental peak period, more than 70 plants enter the best ornamental period in this stage, showing a hundred flowers blooming, purple red sea of flowers. Landscape. Mainly: Bauhinia, fragrant tea, Begonia sticking stem, clove, plum, white pear, Begonia sibirica, green peach, Magnolia flying, Begonia pendula and so on. 3 5.16-5.31: for the late spring ornamental stage, at this time the species of ornamental flowers and trees decreased sharply, the landscape of spring flowers has entered the end. Mainly: Red Prince brocade, Western Elderberry, Yingxia, North China Pearl Plum, Lingxiao, Hehuan and so on. The seasonal ornamental period can be roughly divided into two stages: 1) 6.1-6.30; 2) 7.1-8.31.1-6.30: It is the peak of summer flower ornamental period. Most summer flower plants enter the best ornamental period at this stage, which is the period with the largest number of summer blossoms. The roses have the longest flowering period, from mid-May to the best ornamental period until November, which lasts for more than 200 days. The longest ornamental period of the tree species throughout the summer. Mainly: Rose, Magnolia grandiflora, Lingxiao, Albizzia julibrissin, Ligustrum lucidum, Lagerstroemia zhejiang, Lagerstroemia myrtle, Luanchu, Hibiscus, etc. (2) 7.1-8.31: for the end of the summer flower ornamental period, at this time the number of flowers is small, most of plants in the green leaf period, so the ornamental flowers and trees seem very precious, create a little red from the summer. In this stage, Camptotheca acuminata enters the ornamental stage, which is a relatively rare summer ornamental tree species. There are mainly: Rose, Lingxiao, Lagerstroemia, Hibiscus hibiscus, Huangshan Luan, Camptotheca acuminata, etc. Autumn ornamental period can be roughly divided into two stages: (1) 9.1-10.10; 2) 10.11-11.30.1-10.10: the beginning of autumn ornamental, ornamental tree species is relatively small, mainly for late summer and early autumn ornamental flowers. Tree species, a small number of ornamental fruit, ornamental tree species. At this time, most of the ornamental leaf tree species just entered the best ornamental period, did not reach the ornamental peak. Enter the ornamental peak, showing autumn leaves, autumn fruits, not spring more than the autumn garden landscape. Mainly: gold and silver, ginkgo biloba, fire thorn, torch tree, persimmon tree, climbing tiger, Chinese tallow, maple, American white wax, mangrove, yellow oak, maple, acer, beech, Coptis chinensis, photinia, chicken claw maple, wolfberry bone and so on. 3. The whole year garden plant ornamental period can be divided into two parts. There are four stages ("Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter"), two peaks: 1) 3.11-6.10, which is the most important flowering season of the year, namely "Spring, Flower-watching season". The peak flowering season appears in 4.1-5.10. Nearly 70 plants are connected with each other, overlapping each other, showing a hundred flowers blooming in full bloom, the sea of flowers and purple flowers. The ornamental time period in spring is 3.11-5.31, and the ornamental tree species are all ornamental tree species; the ornamental time period in summer is 6.1-6.10, and the ornamental tree species is also ornamental tree species, which is the most abundant time period in early summer. 11-8.31, ornamental trees are mainly ornamental trees. At this time, ornamental trees are relatively few, most of the plants are in the green leaf stage, showing a little red landscape from evergreen; autumn ornamental period is 9.1-10.10, is the early autumn ornamental, ornamental trees are ornamental flowers, ornamental fruit trees, mainly ornamental fruit trees. 3 10.11-11.30, is an important one-year period. Ornamental tree species are ornamental leaf, ornamental fruit tree species, mainly ornamental leaf tree species. Among them, 10.21-11.30, ornamental tree species up to 25 or more, is another peak period of garden plants ornamental. Autumn leaves, autumn fruitful, showing a full-fledged forest, not spring flowers like spring flowers autumn garden landscape. 1-3.10, is the most silent ornamental stage of the year, that is, "winter, hibernation season". At this time, most plants are in dormancy, ornamental tree species are mainly evergreen, ornamental fruit tree species, ornamental tree shape, branch tree species. Two ornamental peaks: 4.1-5.10 is an important season for spring flowers, 10.21-11.30 is the best time for autumn leaves ornamental.4. The best ornamental period and ornamental sequence play an important role in plant allocation. The best ornamental period and ornamental sequence of garden plants should be mastered. The plants with similar ornamental period should be allocated scientifically to create a floral landscape with floral clusters and colorful flowers. There are flowers in season and scenery in four seasons.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU986
本文編號：2212890
[Abstract]:Urban greening is inseparable from garden plants. Garden plants are the most vigorous and changeable elements of landscape, and play an irreplaceable role in landscape construction. Each garden plant has the best ornamental period. It refers to the period when garden plants have the best ornamental value in shape and color, and the ornamental value of garden plants in the best ornamental period is obviously higher than that of other periods, such as the flowering period of ornamental plants, the fruit period of ornamental plants, the leaf discoloration period of colored plants, etc. Important role: grasp the best ornamental period and ornamental sequence of garden plants, arrange the plants with similar ornamental period scientifically, and create a floral landscape with floral clusters and purple flowers. For example, from September 2012 to September 2014, 110 species (including varieties and varieties) of garden plants in North Campus, South Campus and Donghu Park of Shandong Agricultural University were investigated, and the optimum ornamental period and ornamental sequence were obtained. The main conclusions are as follows. 1. The growth and development of garden plants are significantly affected by climate, and the best ornamental period of garden plants is greatly affected by climate conditions. The optimal ornamental period of garden plants varies from year to year because of different climate conditions. The ornamental order of the optimum ornamental period of garden plants is the key to this experiment, and plays an important role in plant configuration and construction of continuous ornamental landscape.2. The ornamental period of garden plants in spring can be divided into three stages: 1.3-3.20; 2.21-5.15; 3.16-5.31.1-3.20: early. Spring ornamental stage, about March 5, the spring flowers into the ornamental period. At this time flowering plant species are relatively few. There are mainly: spring, cornel, Magnolia, hickory, forsythia, golden bell, apricot, etc. (2) 3.21-5.15: for the spring ornamental peak period, more than 70 plants enter the best ornamental period in this stage, showing a hundred flowers blooming, purple red sea of flowers. Landscape. Mainly: Bauhinia, fragrant tea, Begonia sticking stem, clove, plum, white pear, Begonia sibirica, green peach, Magnolia flying, Begonia pendula and so on. 3 5.16-5.31: for the late spring ornamental stage, at this time the species of ornamental flowers and trees decreased sharply, the landscape of spring flowers has entered the end. Mainly: Red Prince brocade, Western Elderberry, Yingxia, North China Pearl Plum, Lingxiao, Hehuan and so on. The seasonal ornamental period can be roughly divided into two stages: 1) 6.1-6.30; 2) 7.1-8.31.1-6.30: It is the peak of summer flower ornamental period. Most summer flower plants enter the best ornamental period at this stage, which is the period with the largest number of summer blossoms. The roses have the longest flowering period, from mid-May to the best ornamental period until November, which lasts for more than 200 days. The longest ornamental period of the tree species throughout the summer. Mainly: Rose, Magnolia grandiflora, Lingxiao, Albizzia julibrissin, Ligustrum lucidum, Lagerstroemia zhejiang, Lagerstroemia myrtle, Luanchu, Hibiscus, etc. (2) 7.1-8.31: for the end of the summer flower ornamental period, at this time the number of flowers is small, most of plants in the green leaf period, so the ornamental flowers and trees seem very precious, create a little red from the summer. In this stage, Camptotheca acuminata enters the ornamental stage, which is a relatively rare summer ornamental tree species. There are mainly: Rose, Lingxiao, Lagerstroemia, Hibiscus hibiscus, Huangshan Luan, Camptotheca acuminata, etc. Autumn ornamental period can be roughly divided into two stages: (1) 9.1-10.10; 2) 10.11-11.30.1-10.10: the beginning of autumn ornamental, ornamental tree species is relatively small, mainly for late summer and early autumn ornamental flowers. Tree species, a small number of ornamental fruit, ornamental tree species. At this time, most of the ornamental leaf tree species just entered the best ornamental period, did not reach the ornamental peak. Enter the ornamental peak, showing autumn leaves, autumn fruits, not spring more than the autumn garden landscape. Mainly: gold and silver, ginkgo biloba, fire thorn, torch tree, persimmon tree, climbing tiger, Chinese tallow, maple, American white wax, mangrove, yellow oak, maple, acer, beech, Coptis chinensis, photinia, chicken claw maple, wolfberry bone and so on. 3. The whole year garden plant ornamental period can be divided into two parts. There are four stages ("Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter"), two peaks: 1) 3.11-6.10, which is the most important flowering season of the year, namely "Spring, Flower-watching season". The peak flowering season appears in 4.1-5.10. Nearly 70 plants are connected with each other, overlapping each other, showing a hundred flowers blooming in full bloom, the sea of flowers and purple flowers. The ornamental time period in spring is 3.11-5.31, and the ornamental tree species are all ornamental tree species; the ornamental time period in summer is 6.1-6.10, and the ornamental tree species is also ornamental tree species, which is the most abundant time period in early summer. 11-8.31, ornamental trees are mainly ornamental trees. At this time, ornamental trees are relatively few, most of the plants are in the green leaf stage, showing a little red landscape from evergreen; autumn ornamental period is 9.1-10.10, is the early autumn ornamental, ornamental trees are ornamental flowers, ornamental fruit trees, mainly ornamental fruit trees. 3 10.11-11.30, is an important one-year period. Ornamental tree species are ornamental leaf, ornamental fruit tree species, mainly ornamental leaf tree species. Among them, 10.21-11.30, ornamental tree species up to 25 or more, is another peak period of garden plants ornamental. Autumn leaves, autumn fruitful, showing a full-fledged forest, not spring flowers like spring flowers autumn garden landscape. 1-3.10, is the most silent ornamental stage of the year, that is, "winter, hibernation season". At this time, most plants are in dormancy, ornamental tree species are mainly evergreen, ornamental fruit tree species, ornamental tree shape, branch tree species. Two ornamental peaks: 4.1-5.10 is an important season for spring flowers, 10.21-11.30 is the best time for autumn leaves ornamental.4. The best ornamental period and ornamental sequence play an important role in plant allocation. The best ornamental period and ornamental sequence of garden plants should be mastered. The plants with similar ornamental period should be allocated scientifically to create a floral landscape with floral clusters and colorful flowers. There are flowers in season and scenery in four seasons.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU986
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