【摘要】：徽派村落是人與自然和諧相處的典范,是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)村落的典型代表。分析徽派村落景觀格局,提取景觀意象及可視化表達(dá)徽派村落三維景觀具有重要的科學(xué)價(jià)值。本文選取4個(gè)徽派村落作為研究樣區(qū),基于理想生態(tài)系統(tǒng)模式與三維景觀指數(shù)方法提取景觀意象、解析結(jié)構(gòu)特征、分析景觀格局,并基于規(guī)則建模方法實(shí)現(xiàn)徽派村落景觀快速批量三維表達(dá)和可視化分析。文章結(jié)合景觀格局分析與三維可視化方法,有效解析徽派村落景觀生態(tài)內(nèi)涵,為促進(jìn)徽派村落的文化傳承、保護(hù)、規(guī)劃與旅游開(kāi)發(fā)提供理論支撐。論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和成果如下:(1)基于理想生態(tài)系統(tǒng)模式的徽派村落空間結(jié)構(gòu)解析本文根據(jù)建筑環(huán)境學(xué)理論、心理場(chǎng)理論,從生態(tài)學(xué)視角提出了代表理想人居環(huán)境的理想生態(tài)系統(tǒng)模式,提出了徽派村落景觀解析的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析方法�；张纱迓涞牟季峙c空間結(jié)構(gòu)具備了理想生態(tài)系統(tǒng)模式所存在邊緣效應(yīng)、閉合效應(yīng)和連通效應(yīng)等特征。因此徽派村落空間解析表明:徽派村落呈現(xiàn)"山—林—屋—水—林"空間結(jié)構(gòu),這種空間結(jié)構(gòu)是以建設(shè)用地為中心、自然景觀在外圍立體環(huán)繞的圈層結(jié)構(gòu),體現(xiàn)了村落內(nèi)部良好的生態(tài)循環(huán),符合理想人居環(huán)境模式。(2)徽派村落三維景觀指數(shù)分析文章拓展了傳統(tǒng)二維景觀指數(shù)計(jì)算方法,克服了傳統(tǒng)景觀指數(shù)計(jì)算中的復(fù)雜地形景觀格局偏差,提出了改進(jìn)型的景觀斑塊面積與周長(zhǎng)測(cè)量方法,文章還基于改進(jìn)型三維景觀指數(shù)分析了徽派村落景觀格局,對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)了二維景觀指數(shù)在山區(qū)景觀地表形態(tài)刻畫(huà)中的問(wèn)題。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):徽派村落的面積與周長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)被傳統(tǒng)二維景觀指數(shù)低估,形狀指標(biāo)和多樣性指標(biāo)被高估,導(dǎo)致徽派村落景觀格局分析中林地的優(yōu)勢(shì)度被低估,而以建設(shè)用地為代表的人工或半人工斑塊的優(yōu)勢(shì)度被嚴(yán)重高估�；张纱迓湓诰坝^類(lèi)型和景觀層次上具有較高的穩(wěn)定性、聚集性和連接度,自然景觀的優(yōu)勢(shì)度大于人文景觀。(3)基于規(guī)則的徽派村落建模與可視化研究徽派村落建模的復(fù)雜性、層級(jí)性與多樣性特點(diǎn)帶來(lái)了建模時(shí)間和復(fù)雜性的問(wèn)題,本文借助可復(fù)用高效自動(dòng)村落建模方法,該方法具有快速高效、靈活度高、成本低的特點(diǎn)。建模重點(diǎn)關(guān)注徽派建筑、村落的構(gòu)成要素、村落的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)。文章開(kāi)發(fā)了徽派村落自動(dòng)化構(gòu)建的規(guī)則集合,并提出了徽派村落的可視分析方法。最后,本研究提取徽派村落的景觀意象,并編寫(xiě)相應(yīng)的建模規(guī)則,完成了呈坎村的三維模型構(gòu)建,并隨機(jī)生成了向心型和條帶型徽派村落三維模型。在徽派村落三維模型的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了景觀類(lèi)型的屬性查詢;景觀的表面、空間、投影面積與距離的空間量測(cè);地形剖面分析、可視性分析、虛擬漫游等三維空間分析與應(yīng)用。本文研究為徽派村落景觀意象建模,徽派村落景觀格局分析,徽派村落文化歷史傳承與數(shù)字化保護(hù)提供了方法論支撐,擴(kuò)展了徽派村落景觀的研究領(lǐng)域。
[Abstract]:Hui-style villages are the model of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature, and the typical representative of traditional Chinese villages. It is of great scientific value to analyze the landscape pattern of Hui-style villages, extract landscape images and visualize the three-dimensional landscape of Hui-style villages. The index method extracts the landscape image, analyzes the structure characteristics, analyzes the landscape pattern, and realizes the rapid batch three-dimensional expression and visualization analysis of Hui-style village landscape based on the rule modeling method. The main research contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) Based on the ideal ecosystem model, this paper puts forward the ideal ecosystem model representing the ideal human settlement environment from the perspective of ecology according to the theory of architectural environment and the theory of psychological field. The layout and spatial structure of Hui-style villages have the characteristics of edge effect, closure effect and communication effect of ideal ecosystem model. Therefore, the spatial analysis of Hui-style villages shows that Hui-style villages present the spatial structure of "mountain-forest-house-water-forest". The construction land is the center and the natural landscape is surrounded by the surrounding three-dimensional circle structure, which reflects the good ecological cycle within the village and conforms to the ideal living environment model. (2) The analysis of Hui-style village three-dimensional landscape index expands the traditional two-dimensional landscape index calculation method, overcomes the complex topographic landscape pattern in the traditional landscape index calculation. The paper also analyzes the landscape pattern of Hui-style villages based on the improved three-dimensional landscape index, and finds out the problems of two-dimensional landscape index in describing the surface morphology of mountain landscape. The dominance of woodland in landscape pattern analysis of Hui-style villages was underestimated, while the dominance of artificial or semi-artificial patches represented by construction land was seriously overestimated. The advantage of view is greater than that of human landscape. (3) Rule-based modeling and visualization of Hui-style villages. The complexity, hierarchy and diversity of Hui-style villages bring about the modeling time and complexity. This paper uses reusable and efficient automatic village modeling method, which has the characteristics of high speed, high flexibility and low cost. Points. Modeling focuses on Hui-style architecture, the elements of the village, and the structural characteristics of the village. This paper develops a set of rules for the automatic construction of Hui-style villages, and proposes a visual analysis method for Hui-style villages. Finally, this study extracts the landscape image of Hui-style villages, and compiles the corresponding modeling rules, and completes the three-dimensional model of Chengkan village. Based on the three-dimensional model of Hui-style villages, the attributes of landscape types are queried; the surface, space, projection area and distance of landscape are measured; the terrain profile analysis, visibility analysis, virtual roaming and other three-dimensional spatial analysis and application are realized. It provides methodological support for Hui-style village landscape image modeling, Hui-style village landscape pattern analysis, Hui-style village cultural and historical inheritance and digital protection, and expands the research field of Hui-style village landscape.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU982.29

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