【摘要】：目前,工業(yè)點(diǎn)源污染在國家與社會(huì)各界的不斷努力下已得到很好的管控,農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染已成為影響環(huán)境水體質(zhì)量的首要因素,國內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者對(duì)此也給予了高度的重視。農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染導(dǎo)致的水體污染已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響到食品安全、飲用水安全和人們的身體健康,嚴(yán)重制約著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。其對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)集約化水平較高的流域地區(qū)的影響已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)超工業(yè)點(diǎn)源污染。因此,對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染的防控不但逐步成為環(huán)境管理的重中之重,也成為農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展的研究熱點(diǎn)。巢湖位于安徽省中部,是我國五大淡水湖之一。其得天獨(dú)厚的地理位置,優(yōu)越的自然環(huán)境和豐富的人文景觀為流域內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。巢湖是合肥及周邊地區(qū)城市用水的主要來源之一,其水體質(zhì)量直接影響到流域內(nèi)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)能否健康長久發(fā)展。長期以來,由于巢湖流域是我國中部社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平較高的地區(qū),人均耕地較少,土地集約利用程度較高,單位耕地化肥施用量居于于全國前列�；实拇罅渴褂靡约安缓侠淼姆N植制度不僅制約了農(nóng)業(yè)種植經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,而且多余的養(yǎng)分進(jìn)入環(huán)境后,污染土壤、水體和大氣,對(duì)區(qū)域環(huán)境質(zhì)量構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。目前,巢湖水體污染嚴(yán)重,流域內(nèi)生態(tài)環(huán)境退化,湖底泥沙淤積,藍(lán)藻水華大面積爆發(fā),是全國有名的富營養(yǎng)化湖泊。要從根本上解決巢湖流域水污染問題,宏觀上要科學(xué)調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)布局,中觀上要合理優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)。微觀層面上要注重對(duì)農(nóng)戶種植行為的科學(xué)引導(dǎo)。本研究主要依托資源與環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論,在分析巢湖流域農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,將農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染控制下的巢湖流域農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化這一研究問題轉(zhuǎn)化為：在既定的農(nóng)作物面源污染總量約束下,如何通過不同農(nóng)作物種質(zhì)的優(yōu)化組合來實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的最大化。借鑒前人的研究成果,將各種約束參量納入目標(biāo)函數(shù),確定農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染控制下種植結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化模型。查閱收集巢湖流域的各類農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)并進(jìn)行分析整理,計(jì)算出模型中的相關(guān)參數(shù)。通過對(duì)所構(gòu)建的模型的計(jì)算,得出農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的最優(yōu)解,分析模型是否能較好的模擬農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染控制下的巢湖流域農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,并對(duì)模型模擬出的結(jié)果與流域?qū)嶋H相結(jié)合,提出巢湖流域農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染控制下的種植結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化路徑：巢湖流域種植業(yè)應(yīng)全部采用清潔生產(chǎn)技術(shù)(測土配方施肥和有機(jī)栽培),糧食播種面積保持在53萬公頃,水果用地保持在2.7萬公頃左右；蔬菜用地保持在7.5萬公頃左右；棉花行情回暖后在旱地?cái)U(kuò)大棉花種植面積。
[Abstract]:At present, the industrial point source pollution has been well controlled by the national and social circles, and agricultural non-point source pollution has become the primary factor affecting the quality of environmental water body. Experts and scholars at home and abroad have also attached great importance to it. Water pollution caused by agricultural non-point source pollution has seriously affected food safety, drinking water safety and people's health, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of social economy. Its impact on agricultural intensive watershed areas has far exceeded industrial point source pollution. Therefore, the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution has become not only the top priority of environmental management, but also the research hotspot of agricultural modernization and regional sustainable development. Chaohu Lake, located in the middle of Anhui Province, is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China. Its unique geographical location, superior natural environment and rich human landscape laid a solid foundation for the economic and social development of the basin. Chaohu Lake is one of the main sources of urban water use in Hefei and its surrounding areas. The water quality of Chaohu Lake has a direct impact on the healthy and long-term development of social economy in the basin. For a long time, Chaohu Lake Basin is a high level of social productivity development in the central part of China, with less per capita cultivated land, a higher degree of intensive land use, and the amount of fertilizer per unit cultivated land occupies the forefront of the country. The extensive use of chemical fertilizer and unreasonable planting system not only restrict the development of agricultural planting economy, but also pollute the soil, water and atmosphere after the surplus nutrients enter into the environment, and pose a serious threat to the regional environmental quality. At present, Chaohu Lake is a famous eutrophication lake with serious water pollution, degradation of ecological environment, deposition of sediment at the bottom of the lake and a large area eruption of cyanobacteria Shui Hua. In order to solve the problem of water pollution in Chaohu Lake basin, we should adjust the distribution of agricultural industry scientifically and optimize the structure of agricultural planting reasonably. At the micro level, we should pay attention to the scientific guidance of farmers'planting behavior. Based on the theories of resources and environment economics, ecological economics and sustainable development, the present situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in Chaohu Lake basin is analyzed. The research on the optimization of agricultural planting structure in Chaohu Lake Basin under agricultural non-point source pollution control is transformed into: under the constraint of the total amount of crop non-point source pollution, How to optimize the combination of different crop germplasm to maximize economic benefits. Based on the previous research results, various constraint parameters were incorporated into the objective function to determine the optimization model of planting structure under agricultural non-point source pollution control. The data of all kinds of agricultural production in Chaohu Lake Basin were collected and analyzed, and the relevant parameters were calculated. Through the calculation of the established model, the optimal solution of agricultural planting structure optimization is obtained, and whether the model can better simulate the agricultural planting structure optimization of Chaohu Lake basin under agricultural non-point source pollution control is analyzed. And the simulation results of the model are combined with the reality of the watershed. The optimal path of planting structure under the control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Chaohu Lake Basin was put forward. The planting industry in Chaohu Lake Basin should adopt clean production technology (soil testing formula fertilization and organic cultivation), and the planting area of grain should be kept at 530000 hectares. Fruit stands at about 27000 hectares, vegetables around 75000 hectares, and cotton growing areas in drylands after the cotton market warms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F326.1

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