基于生物多樣性保護(hù)的廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)景觀格局優(yōu)化
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-22 11:05
【摘要】：廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)是我國(guó)東南開放開發(fā)的新熱點(diǎn),是我國(guó)與東南亞經(jīng)貿(mào)聯(lián)系的前沿核心地區(qū)。自從《廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)發(fā)展規(guī)劃》在2008年獲得國(guó)家批準(zhǔn)之后,大規(guī)模的投資和各類工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)一直在加速,大片林地和耕地被侵占用于建設(shè)用地,侵占了生物生境,造成整個(gè)區(qū)域景觀結(jié)構(gòu)及其空間格局的大規(guī)模改變,使生物多樣性受到威脅。因此,了解當(dāng)前該地區(qū)的生物多樣性現(xiàn)狀以及如何施加保護(hù)是一個(gè)亟待解決的問(wèn)題。鑒于此背景,本文選取整個(gè)廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)作為研究區(qū),以1990年、2001年和2009年三期的TM影像為主要數(shù)據(jù)源,采用“3S”技術(shù),運(yùn)用景觀生態(tài)學(xué)理論,通過(guò)選取景觀指數(shù)計(jì)算對(duì)研究區(qū)近20年來(lái)的景觀格局變化進(jìn)行分析。然后選取了物種瀕危程度、景觀多樣性指數(shù)、生境類型及自然保護(hù)區(qū)類型四個(gè)準(zhǔn)則層構(gòu)建了生物多樣性豐富度評(píng)價(jià)體系,采用層次分析法(AHP)計(jì)算各指標(biāo)權(quán)重對(duì)生物多樣性現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。最后,基于景觀生態(tài)流的累計(jì)耗費(fèi)距離模型,在研究區(qū)內(nèi)確立了生態(tài)源地、生態(tài)廊道和生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)等景觀要素,構(gòu)建了有利于生物多樣性保護(hù)和維持的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。結(jié)果表明:1.林地和耕地是研究區(qū)最主要的兩種斑塊類型,兩者面積之和占總面積的將近95%,占據(jù)絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì);從變化上看,1990-2009年,該區(qū)斑塊面積變化最明顯的是建設(shè)用地的擴(kuò)大和草地的減少,建設(shè)用地面積增加了近6倍,草地和未利用地面積分別減少了近60%和62.3%;研究區(qū)景觀破碎化程度不斷加大,三個(gè)時(shí)期的景觀破碎度指數(shù)分別為0.033、0.038和0.048,各斑塊類型的破碎度不斷加大,特別是耕地和林地受干擾強(qiáng)度強(qiáng),破碎化程度增加很快,且2001年后增速明顯,景觀破碎化對(duì)區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境及生物多樣性保護(hù)帶來(lái)了極大挑戰(zhàn)。2.研究區(qū)生物多樣性豐富區(qū)主要分布在西南部的上思縣、龍州縣,憑祥市,北部的馬山縣、上林縣,東部的浦北縣等地,城鎮(zhèn)、建設(shè)用地和海岸線一帶區(qū)域?yàn)樽畈回S富區(qū)。其中極豐富區(qū)面積1287.7km2,占經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)總面積的1.8%,較豐富區(qū)面積2347.3km2,占經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)總面積3.2%,豐富區(qū)面積8665.4km2,占經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)總面積12%,一般豐富區(qū)面積29624km2,占經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)總面積40.8%,不豐富區(qū)面積30712.4km2,占經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)總面積42.2%。3.從促進(jìn)景觀生態(tài)流的暢通運(yùn)行角度在研究區(qū)確立了18個(gè)林地斑塊和6個(gè)水體斑塊作為生態(tài)源地,構(gòu)建了47條生態(tài)廊道和35個(gè)生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn),以點(diǎn)線面的方式構(gòu)建了利于生物多樣性維持的保護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。提出的優(yōu)化措施是對(duì)于生態(tài)源地要以保護(hù)現(xiàn)有核心生態(tài)斑塊為主,避免周邊土地開發(fā)對(duì)其造成干擾;對(duì)于今后的廊道建設(shè)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)東西方向的連接。這一保護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以為區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃提供科學(xué)參考,明確土地開發(fā)過(guò)程中生物多樣性保護(hù)的避讓區(qū)域,以更有效地保護(hù)區(qū)域生物多樣性。
[Abstract]:Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone is a new hot spot in southeast China's open development and the core area of economic and trade relations between China and Southeast Asia. Since the "Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone Development Plan" was approved by the state in 2008, large-scale investment and construction of various engineering projects have been accelerating. Large areas of woodland and cultivated land have been encroached on for construction purposes, encroaching on biological habitats, The regional landscape structure and its spatial pattern are changed on a large scale, and biodiversity is threatened. Therefore, understanding the current status of biodiversity in the region and how to protect it is an urgent problem. In view of this background, this paper selects the whole Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi as the research area, takes the TM images of 1990, 2001 and 2009 as the main data sources, adopts "3s" technology, and applies the theory of landscape ecology. The landscape pattern changes in recent 20 years in the study area were analyzed by selecting the landscape index. Then, the biodiversity richness evaluation system was constructed by selecting four criteria layers: endangered degree of species, landscape diversity index, habitat type and nature reserve type. The present status of biodiversity was evaluated by using AHP (AHP) to calculate the weight of each index. Finally, based on the cumulative cost distance model of landscape ecological flow, the landscape elements such as ecological source, ecological corridor and ecological node are established in the study area, and a network conducive to the conservation and maintenance of biodiversity is constructed. The result shows that 1: 1. Forest land and cultivated land are the two most important patch types in the study area, and the sum of the two areas accounts for nearly 95 percent of the total area, accounting for the absolute dominance; from 1990 to 2009, the most obvious change of the patch area in this area is the expansion of the construction land and the decrease of the grassland. The area of construction land increased by nearly 6 times, the area of grassland and unused land decreased by nearly 60% and 62.3% respectively, and the degree of landscape fragmentation in the study area increased continuously. The landscape fragmentation index of the three periods was 0.033, 0.038 and 0.048, respectively. The fragmentation degree of each patch type was increasing continuously, especially the intensity of disturbance on cultivated land and woodland was strong, the degree of fragmentation increased rapidly, and the growth rate was obvious after 2001. Landscape fragmentation brings great challenge to regional ecological environment and biodiversity conservation. The biodiversity rich areas in the study area are mainly distributed in Shangsi County, Longzhou County, Pingxiang City, Mashan County, Shanglin County, Pubei County in the north, cities and towns, construction land and coastal areas as the least abundant areas. The area of the extremely rich area is 1287.7 km2, which accounts for 1.8 of the total area of the economic zone, the richer area is 2347.3 km2, the area of the rich area is 3.2, the area of the rich area is 8665.4 km2, the total area of the economic zone is 12.2, the area of the general rich area is 29624km2, the total area of the economic zone is 40.8, the area of the unenriched area is 30712.4km2, Accounting for 42.2% of the total area of the economic zone. From the point of view of promoting the smooth operation of landscape ecological flow, 18 woodland patches and 6 water patches were established as ecological sources in the study area, and 47 ecological corridors and 35 ecological nodes were constructed. The conservation network of biodiversity is constructed by point line and surface. The optimization measures are to protect the existing core ecological patches and avoid the interference of the surrounding land development, and to strengthen the east-west connection for the future corridor construction. This protection network can provide a scientific reference for regional development planning, and make clear the sheltered area of biodiversity protection in the process of land development, so as to protect regional biodiversity more effectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P901;X176
本文編號(hào)：2196906
[Abstract]:Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone is a new hot spot in southeast China's open development and the core area of economic and trade relations between China and Southeast Asia. Since the "Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone Development Plan" was approved by the state in 2008, large-scale investment and construction of various engineering projects have been accelerating. Large areas of woodland and cultivated land have been encroached on for construction purposes, encroaching on biological habitats, The regional landscape structure and its spatial pattern are changed on a large scale, and biodiversity is threatened. Therefore, understanding the current status of biodiversity in the region and how to protect it is an urgent problem. In view of this background, this paper selects the whole Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi as the research area, takes the TM images of 1990, 2001 and 2009 as the main data sources, adopts "3s" technology, and applies the theory of landscape ecology. The landscape pattern changes in recent 20 years in the study area were analyzed by selecting the landscape index. Then, the biodiversity richness evaluation system was constructed by selecting four criteria layers: endangered degree of species, landscape diversity index, habitat type and nature reserve type. The present status of biodiversity was evaluated by using AHP (AHP) to calculate the weight of each index. Finally, based on the cumulative cost distance model of landscape ecological flow, the landscape elements such as ecological source, ecological corridor and ecological node are established in the study area, and a network conducive to the conservation and maintenance of biodiversity is constructed. The result shows that 1: 1. Forest land and cultivated land are the two most important patch types in the study area, and the sum of the two areas accounts for nearly 95 percent of the total area, accounting for the absolute dominance; from 1990 to 2009, the most obvious change of the patch area in this area is the expansion of the construction land and the decrease of the grassland. The area of construction land increased by nearly 6 times, the area of grassland and unused land decreased by nearly 60% and 62.3% respectively, and the degree of landscape fragmentation in the study area increased continuously. The landscape fragmentation index of the three periods was 0.033, 0.038 and 0.048, respectively. The fragmentation degree of each patch type was increasing continuously, especially the intensity of disturbance on cultivated land and woodland was strong, the degree of fragmentation increased rapidly, and the growth rate was obvious after 2001. Landscape fragmentation brings great challenge to regional ecological environment and biodiversity conservation. The biodiversity rich areas in the study area are mainly distributed in Shangsi County, Longzhou County, Pingxiang City, Mashan County, Shanglin County, Pubei County in the north, cities and towns, construction land and coastal areas as the least abundant areas. The area of the extremely rich area is 1287.7 km2, which accounts for 1.8 of the total area of the economic zone, the richer area is 2347.3 km2, the area of the rich area is 3.2, the area of the rich area is 8665.4 km2, the total area of the economic zone is 12.2, the area of the general rich area is 29624km2, the total area of the economic zone is 40.8, the area of the unenriched area is 30712.4km2, Accounting for 42.2% of the total area of the economic zone. From the point of view of promoting the smooth operation of landscape ecological flow, 18 woodland patches and 6 water patches were established as ecological sources in the study area, and 47 ecological corridors and 35 ecological nodes were constructed. The conservation network of biodiversity is constructed by point line and surface. The optimization measures are to protect the existing core ecological patches and avoid the interference of the surrounding land development, and to strengthen the east-west connection for the future corridor construction. This protection network can provide a scientific reference for regional development planning, and make clear the sheltered area of biodiversity protection in the process of land development, so as to protect regional biodiversity more effectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P901;X176
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，本文編號(hào)：2196906
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