秦嶺北麓太平河平原段植物群落配置模式研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-14 11:15
【摘要】：近年來(lái),由于各種不合理的開發(fā)建設(shè),秦嶺北麓太平河流域的生態(tài)資源受到嚴(yán)重破壞,河道“渠化”、污染,造成河岸廊道內(nèi)的植物群落逐漸退化,影響了秦嶺北麓太平河生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的良性循環(huán)。由于太平河山地段相關(guān)研究較多,而平原段研究甚少,所以本文對(duì)秦嶺北麓太平河平原段的研究具有重要意義。河流植被作為最重要的自然“本底”,在維護(hù)河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定,滿足生態(tài)功能,形成地域特色的景觀文化方面有著重要作用。由于河流兩岸是自然要素密集,人文情懷濃厚,生態(tài)過程豐富敏感的區(qū)域,因而在自然過程與人為干擾的雙重作用下,如何使沿岸植被生態(tài)景觀在人工化,生態(tài)化進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮最大的生態(tài)效益,社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯得尤為重要。[1]所以,為了保障秦嶺北麓太平河平原段生態(tài)效益、社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的全面發(fā)展,應(yīng)該對(duì)被破壞的河流廊道進(jìn)行科學(xué)合理的近自然恢復(fù),構(gòu)建出適合秦嶺北麓太平河平原段河流廊道的植物配置模式。首先,在此背景下對(duì)秦嶺太平河自然地理環(huán)境、水、植物、森林、土地、礦產(chǎn)資源概況做一簡(jiǎn)要論述,選取秦嶺北麓太平河平原段內(nèi)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的典型植物群落,結(jié)合秦嶺北麓太平河平原段的特殊地理環(huán)境,通過閱讀文獻(xiàn)資料、結(jié)合實(shí)地調(diào)研等研究方法,分析秦嶺北麓太平河平原段兩岸植物群落的現(xiàn)狀,包括物種組成、群落類型、群落結(jié)構(gòu)、植被分布規(guī)律,在植物生態(tài)學(xué)理論指導(dǎo)下,探明秦嶺北麓太平河平原段植物群落配置模式現(xiàn)狀。其次,根據(jù)以上研究分析為基礎(chǔ),從物種組成、群落結(jié)構(gòu)、配置模式等方面對(duì)太平河平原段河道“渠化”段、過渡段和“非渠化”段進(jìn)行對(duì)比,具體問題具體分析,探索出造成不同地段植物群落空間異質(zhì)性的主要原因是由于水文因素的差異。隨后用科學(xué)的方法綜合評(píng)價(jià)秦嶺北麓太平河平原段植物群落,揭示出秦嶺北麓太平河平原段植物群落配置模式目前存在的問題:樹種單一、群落結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、林冠結(jié)構(gòu)變異大、結(jié)構(gòu)層次簡(jiǎn)單等。最后,通過研究,針對(duì)秦嶺北麓太平河平原段具體情況,找出其內(nèi)在的問題后,依據(jù)優(yōu)化原則,構(gòu)建出解決太平河平原段植物群落配置模式相關(guān)問題的策略方法:在研究區(qū)增加鄉(xiāng)土樹種,提高植物群落的物種組成、改善植物群落的結(jié)構(gòu),使植物群落保持相對(duì)的穩(wěn)定性;加大適應(yīng)值高的建群種、優(yōu)勢(shì)種及其他鄉(xiāng)土物種的比例,提高植物群落的自然度;增加在人工群落中大規(guī)格的鄉(xiāng)土喬木的數(shù)量,提高植物群落的覆蓋度,優(yōu)化植物群落結(jié)構(gòu),注重考慮高、中、低等級(jí)植物的個(gè)體數(shù)和物種分布概況;在植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)層次缺失的地段,人工植物群落需要進(jìn)行喬灌草藤?gòu)?fù)層結(jié)構(gòu)的完善,調(diào)整群落中不同層次植物的密度,提高人工植物群落的多樣性、豐富度、均勻度和垂直結(jié)構(gòu)的自然度,以達(dá)到植物群落的穩(wěn)定性,進(jìn)而構(gòu)建多種功能型植物群落配置模式。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to various unreasonable development and construction, the ecological resources of Taiping River Basin at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains have been seriously destroyed, and the river channels have been "channeled" and polluted, resulting in the gradual degradation of plant communities in the riverbank corridors. It affects the virtuous circle of Taiping River ecosystem at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. Because there are many related studies in Taiping River and Mountain area, but there are few researches in plain section, so this paper is of great significance to the study of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. As the most important natural background, river vegetation plays an important role in maintaining the stability of river ecosystem, satisfying ecological function and forming landscape culture with regional characteristics. As both sides of the river are regions with dense natural elements, strong humanistic feelings and rich and sensitive ecological processes, how to make the ecological landscape of coastal vegetation artificial under the dual action of natural process and human disturbance, In order to ensure the overall development of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit in the Taiping River plain section at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, the ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits are all the more important. The damaged corridor of the river should be restored scientifically and reasonably, and a plant allocation model suitable for the corridor of Taiping River in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains should be constructed. First of all, in this context, the natural geographical environment, water, plants, forests, land and mineral resources of the Taiping River in Qinling Mountains are briefly discussed, and a relatively stable typical plant community in the Taiping River plain at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains is selected. Combined with the special geographical environment of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, this paper analyzes the present situation of plant communities on both sides of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, including species composition and community types, through reading literature and field investigation. Under the guidance of plant ecology theory, the present situation of plant community allocation model in Taiping River plain in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains has been proved under the guidance of community structure and vegetation distribution law. Secondly, on the basis of the above research and analysis, from the species composition, the community structure, the disposition pattern and so on, carries on the comparison to the Taiping River plain section channel "canal" section, the transition section and the "non-canal" section, the concrete question concrete analysis, It is found that the main reason for the spatial heterogeneity of plant communities in different areas is the difference of hydrological factors. Then the plant communities of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains were evaluated by scientific method, which revealed the existing problems in the plant community allocation model of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains: single tree species, simple community structure and great variation of forest canopy structure. The structure is simple and so on. Finally, through the research, according to the specific situation of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, after finding out its inherent problems, according to the optimization principle, The strategies and methods to solve the problems related to the pattern of plant community allocation in Taiping River Plain were established. In the study area, the species composition of the plant community and the structure of the plant community were increased, and the relative stability of the plant community was maintained. Increase the proportion of species, dominant species and other native species with high adaptive value to increase the naturalness of plant community, increase the number of large scale local trees in artificial community, increase the coverage of plant community, optimize the structure of plant community, Attention should be paid to the number of individuals and species distribution of high, middle and low grade plants. In the areas where the structure of plant communities is missing, artificial plant communities need to improve the structure of tree, shrub and rattan layers and adjust the density of plants at different levels in the community. The diversity, richness, evenness and natural degree of vertical structure of the artificial plant community were improved to achieve the stability of the plant community and to construct the configuration model of various functional plant communities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：Q948
本文編號(hào)：2182675
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to various unreasonable development and construction, the ecological resources of Taiping River Basin at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains have been seriously destroyed, and the river channels have been "channeled" and polluted, resulting in the gradual degradation of plant communities in the riverbank corridors. It affects the virtuous circle of Taiping River ecosystem at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. Because there are many related studies in Taiping River and Mountain area, but there are few researches in plain section, so this paper is of great significance to the study of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. As the most important natural background, river vegetation plays an important role in maintaining the stability of river ecosystem, satisfying ecological function and forming landscape culture with regional characteristics. As both sides of the river are regions with dense natural elements, strong humanistic feelings and rich and sensitive ecological processes, how to make the ecological landscape of coastal vegetation artificial under the dual action of natural process and human disturbance, In order to ensure the overall development of ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit in the Taiping River plain section at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, the ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits are all the more important. The damaged corridor of the river should be restored scientifically and reasonably, and a plant allocation model suitable for the corridor of Taiping River in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains should be constructed. First of all, in this context, the natural geographical environment, water, plants, forests, land and mineral resources of the Taiping River in Qinling Mountains are briefly discussed, and a relatively stable typical plant community in the Taiping River plain at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains is selected. Combined with the special geographical environment of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, this paper analyzes the present situation of plant communities on both sides of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, including species composition and community types, through reading literature and field investigation. Under the guidance of plant ecology theory, the present situation of plant community allocation model in Taiping River plain in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains has been proved under the guidance of community structure and vegetation distribution law. Secondly, on the basis of the above research and analysis, from the species composition, the community structure, the disposition pattern and so on, carries on the comparison to the Taiping River plain section channel "canal" section, the transition section and the "non-canal" section, the concrete question concrete analysis, It is found that the main reason for the spatial heterogeneity of plant communities in different areas is the difference of hydrological factors. Then the plant communities of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains were evaluated by scientific method, which revealed the existing problems in the plant community allocation model of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains: single tree species, simple community structure and great variation of forest canopy structure. The structure is simple and so on. Finally, through the research, according to the specific situation of Taiping River plain section in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, after finding out its inherent problems, according to the optimization principle, The strategies and methods to solve the problems related to the pattern of plant community allocation in Taiping River Plain were established. In the study area, the species composition of the plant community and the structure of the plant community were increased, and the relative stability of the plant community was maintained. Increase the proportion of species, dominant species and other native species with high adaptive value to increase the naturalness of plant community, increase the number of large scale local trees in artificial community, increase the coverage of plant community, optimize the structure of plant community, Attention should be paid to the number of individuals and species distribution of high, middle and low grade plants. In the areas where the structure of plant communities is missing, artificial plant communities need to improve the structure of tree, shrub and rattan layers and adjust the density of plants at different levels in the community. The diversity, richness, evenness and natural degree of vertical structure of the artificial plant community were improved to achieve the stability of the plant community and to construct the configuration model of various functional plant communities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：Q948
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 溫遠(yuǎn)光,元昌安,李信賢,和太平,賴家業(yè),黃棉;大明山中山植被恢復(fù)過程植物物種多樣性的變化[J];植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);1998年01期
，本文編號(hào)：2182675
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/wenyilunwen/huanjingshejilunwen/2182675.html
最近更新
教材專著
