【摘要】：在當今城市化進程中,生態(tài)環(huán)境受到了城市建設的消極影響。自然山體作為城市的天然景觀,對改善城市的生活環(huán)境質量有著重要的作用,其周邊區(qū)域的設計和建設也受到人們越來越多的關注。由于近來人們對生活品質的較高追求以及城市自然景觀在建設活動中的不斷喪失,城市山體周邊區(qū)域的景觀和生態(tài)質量顯得更加重要。生態(tài)景觀的質量不僅影響著視覺方面的舒適和美感,其對聽覺環(huán)境品質的塑造也是至關緊要的一個方面。本文著眼于深圳市自然山體周邊區(qū)域的聲景,探討城市建成環(huán)境因素對城市聲景的影響。本文選取深圳市三個典型城市自然山體及周邊的建設區(qū)域作為實地調研點,進行了聲景和城市建成環(huán)境的客觀數(shù)據(jù)采集工作,從而較全面地掌握了自然山體周邊區(qū)域的聲景及城市建設情況。在實地調研的基礎上,文章重點進行不同自然山體區(qū)域建成環(huán)境下的聲景特征研究,并探討各類環(huán)境下聲景特征與聲學參數(shù)的關系。在聲音數(shù)據(jù)庫的統(tǒng)計分析中,從時間與空間角度對不同自然山體周邊的聲環(huán)境進行差異分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)自然生態(tài)為主的區(qū)域最安靜且自然聲最多,吵鬧程度起伏波動大,高密度建成區(qū)和低密度建成區(qū)的背景聲壓級有所升高且兩種環(huán)境下的聲壓級水平接近,但二者的聲種類及相關心理聲學參數(shù)表現(xiàn)出顯著差異性。在對深圳市三個典型自然山體周邊區(qū)域的聲景特征分析的基礎上,根據(jù)開發(fā)建設程度和物質空間環(huán)境的不同,進一步將研究范圍內的建成環(huán)境總結為十一種類型,并探討不同類型的建成環(huán)境下,景觀質量、密度強度和道路三類要素指標與聲景參數(shù)的關系,總結各建成環(huán)境要素對聲景的影響情況。自然生態(tài)為主的區(qū)域中,聲級和聲種類隨時間的變化波動較大,但二者的特征并非受人工建成環(huán)境的影響,主要由天然的地理和氣候環(huán)境決定。隨著人工建設痕跡的逐漸介入,綠色植被的減少和少量道路的出現(xiàn)首先帶來了聲景的變化——機械聲的顯著增多與聲級水平的升高。隨著人工建設的進一步加強,山體周邊高密度的城市建成區(qū)中,聲環(huán)境相較于其它狀態(tài)的建成環(huán)境明顯吵鬧,各建成環(huán)境要素均對聲景起到了顯著的影響作用,同時密度強度要素和道路要素對聲景的影響效果顯著大于景觀質量要素的影響。在提倡城市與自然諧和共生的時代背景下,城市建成環(huán)境對自然山體周邊區(qū)域聲景的影響研究可以從城市建設的角度出發(fā),為景觀規(guī)劃設計和聲環(huán)境改善等領域提供新思路。
[Abstract]:In the process of urbanization today, the ecological environment has been negatively affected by urban construction. As the natural landscape of the city, the natural mountain plays an important role in improving the living environment quality of the city, and the design and construction of the surrounding area are paid more and more attention. Due to the recent pursuit of high quality of life and the continuous loss of urban natural landscape in the construction activities, the landscape and ecological quality of the surrounding areas of urban mountains become more important. The quality of ecological landscape not only affects the visual comfort and beauty, but also plays an important role in shaping the quality of auditory environment. This paper focuses on the sound scene in the surrounding area of the natural mountain body in Shenzhen, and probes into the influence of the environmental factors on the sound scene of the city. In this paper, three typical urban natural mountain bodies and surrounding construction areas in Shenzhen City are selected as field investigation points, and the sound scene and the city built environment are collected by objective data collection. Therefore, the sound scene and urban construction of the surrounding areas of the natural mountains are comprehensively grasped. On the basis of field investigation, this paper focuses on the study of acoustic scene characteristics in different natural mountain regions, and discusses the relationship between acoustic scene characteristics and acoustic parameters in various environments. In the statistical analysis of sound database, from the angle of time and space, the difference of sound environment around different natural mountain bodies is analyzed. It is found that the region dominated by natural ecology has the most quiet and natural sound, and the noisy degree fluctuates greatly. The background sound pressure level of the high-density and low-density built-up areas is increased and the sound pressure level is close to that of the two environments, but the sound types and the related psycho-acoustic parameters are significantly different between the two environments. Based on the analysis of the sound scene characteristics of the surrounding areas of three typical natural mountain bodies in Shenzhen, and according to the degree of development and construction and the difference of the physical space environment, the built environment in the scope of the study is further summarized into eleven types. The relationship between landscape quality, density and road intensity and sound scene parameters is discussed, and the influence of each built environment on sound scene is summarized. In the natural ecological regions, the sound level and sound species fluctuate greatly with time, but the characteristics of them are not affected by the artificial built environment, but mainly by the natural geography and climate environment. With the gradual intervention of artificial construction trace, the decrease of green vegetation and the appearance of a small number of roads have brought about the change of sound scene at first-the significant increase of mechanical sound and the increase of sound level. With the further strengthening of artificial construction, in the high-density urban areas around the mountain body, the sound environment is obviously noisy compared with the other state of the built environment, and each element of the built environment plays a significant role in influencing the sound scene. At the same time, the effect of density intensity factor and road factor on acoustic scene was significantly larger than that of landscape quality factor. Under the background of promoting harmony and symbiosis between city and nature, the study on the influence of urban built environment on sound scene around natural mountain body can provide new ideas for landscape planning, design and sound environment improvement from the angle of city construction.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU112;TU986

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本文編號：2145774