【摘要】：隨著自然和人為因素的影響,高原濕地出現(xiàn)大面積退化或消失,造成了嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)環(huán)境以及社會問題,建立合理的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估模型實(shí)現(xiàn)濕地退化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)演變分析,對于高原濕地的合理開發(fā)利用,維持區(qū)域生態(tài)安全具有重要意義。本文選取若爾蓋高原沼澤濕地為研究對象,從外部自然、人為脅迫和內(nèi)部面積、結(jié)構(gòu)、功能退化的角度建立了沼澤濕地退化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估模型。利用該模型指標(biāo)體系對2000~2014年若爾蓋高原沼澤濕地退化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了評估,從時(shí)間尺度和空間尺度分析了沼澤濕地退化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)空間分布格局和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)演變過程。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)本文根據(jù)若爾蓋高原濕地情況,通過沼澤濕地退化脅迫度和退化度兩方面,選取9個指標(biāo)因素(干旱指數(shù)、人為干擾指數(shù)、放牧強(qiáng)度、面積退化率、景觀破碎度、景觀類型分維數(shù)、水源涵養(yǎng)功能、生物多樣性維持功能、濕地生產(chǎn)力),計(jì)算得到2000~2014年沼澤濕地退化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(2)綜合分析2000~2014年若爾蓋高原沼澤濕地退化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估結(jié)果,得到如下主要結(jié)論。從時(shí)間分布來看,2000~2014年研究期間,若爾蓋高原沼澤濕地退化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)由0.296增加到0.375,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值增加26.69%,由低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)演化為中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)。從空間分布來看,瑪曲縣、若爾蓋縣、阿壩縣、紅原縣四個縣交界處沼澤濕地退化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)較低,主要是較低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū);較高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)及高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)主要分布在瑪曲縣和若爾蓋縣;中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)主要圍繞研究區(qū)沼澤濕地四周區(qū)域分布。(3)將2000年、2005年、2010年和2014年四個時(shí)期的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比分析,得到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)變化差值、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級動態(tài)度和轉(zhuǎn)移概率矩陣。從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)演變來看,2000~2014年研究期間,若爾蓋高原沼澤濕地退化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變化均值為0.079,表明整個區(qū)域沼澤濕地退化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在增加,但從局部來看,部分地區(qū)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加,部分地區(qū)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)減少。從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級變化來看,2000~2014年研究區(qū)無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)和中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)大幅增加,高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)未發(fā)生顯著變化,其他各等級面積有所下降,低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)化為無風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)、較低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)、中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)的比例分別為53.02%、27.19%、19.79%;較低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)化為中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)、較高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)的比例分別為78.42%、21.58%。
[Abstract]:With the influence of natural and human factors, the plateau wetland has been degraded or disappeared in a large area, resulting in serious ecological environment and social problems. A reasonable risk assessment model is established to realize the risk assessment and risk evolution analysis of wetland degradation. It is of great significance for the rational development and utilization of plateau wetland and the maintenance of regional ecological security. In this paper, a risk assessment model of swamp wetland degradation was established from the perspectives of external nature, artificial stress, internal area, structure and function degradation. The risk of wetland degradation in the Zoige Plateau from 2000 to 2014 was evaluated by using the model index system, and the spatial distribution pattern and risk evolution process of the risk were analyzed from time scale and spatial scale. The main results are as follows: (1) according to the wetland situation in Ruoergai Plateau, nine index factors (drought index, artificial disturbance index, grazing intensity, area degradation rate) were selected through the degradation stress degree and degradation degree of swamp wetland. Landscape fragmentation, fractal dimension of landscape type, water conservation function, biodiversity maintenance function, wetland productivity), the risk of wetland degradation from 2000 to 2014 was calculated. (2) the risk assessment results of wetland degradation in the Zoige Plateau from 2000 to 2014 were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows. During the period of 2000 ~ 2014, the risk index of swamp degradation increased from 0.296 to 0.375, and the risk value increased 26.699.The risk changed from low risk area to middle risk area. From the spatial distribution point of view, the risk index of marsh wetland degradation at the junction of Maqu County, Ruoergai County, Aba County and Hongyuan County is relatively low, mainly in the lower risk area, the higher risk area and the high risk area are mainly distributed in Maqu County and Ruoergai County. The risk data of four periods in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014 were compared and analyzed to obtain the difference of risk index change, risk rank attitude and transition probability matrix. During the study period from 2000 to 2014, the mean value of the risk change of swamp wetland degradation was 0.079, which indicated that the risk of wetland degradation was increasing in the whole region, but in some areas, the risk increased. Risk reduction in some areas. In view of the change of risk grade, the risk free and medium risk areas in the study area increased significantly from 2000 to 2014, while the high risk area did not change significantly, and the other grade areas decreased, and the low risk area was transformed into the no risk area and the lower risk area. The proportion of the middle risk area was 53.02 and 27.197.79, while the lower risk area was converted to the middle risk area, and the higher risk area was 78.42 and 21.58, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X826

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳國強(qiáng);劉影;陳鵬;;海灣型城市濕地的動態(tài)變化及其退化因素分析[J];江西師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2007年03期

2 易磊;;城市濕地的合理開發(fā)與利用研究[J];湖北生態(tài)工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2008年04期

3 蔣良群;舒成強(qiáng);雷金蓉;諶柯;劉輝;;運(yùn)用RS和GIS的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模糊綜合評估方法研究[J];西華師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2008年03期

4 郭躍東,何艷芬;松嫩平原濕地動態(tài)變化及其驅(qū)動力研究[J];濕地科學(xué);2005年01期

5 李曉菊;靖元孝;陳桂珠;任延麗;;紅樹林濕地系統(tǒng)污染生態(tài)及其凈化效果的研究概況[J];濕地科學(xué);2005年04期

6 谷東起;付軍;閆文文;叢柏林;;鹽城濱海濕地退化評估及分區(qū)診斷[J];濕地科學(xué);2012年01期

7 孟偉慶;王中良;汲奕君;;濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化機(jī)制和驅(qū)動力的模型構(gòu)建——以天津地區(qū)濕地為例[J];濕地科學(xué)與管理;2013年03期

8 尼慶偉;王巖;鄭丙輝;姜霞;孫勇;;基于突變理論模型的臥龍湖濕地退化判別研究[J];濕地科學(xué);2014年01期

9 李謝輝;王磊;李景宜;;基于GIS的渭河下游河流沿線區(qū)域生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2009年10期

10 韓大勇;楊永興;楊楊;李珂;;濕地退化研究進(jìn)展[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2012年04期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 藍(lán)嵐;基于3S技術(shù)的若爾蓋高原濕地動態(tài)監(jiān)測及驅(qū)動力分析[D];成都理工大學(xué);2011年

2 王艷;若爾蓋濕地遙感動態(tài)監(jiān)測與景觀格局分析[D];中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）;2007年

3 賈兆龍;盤錦雙臺子河口濕地生態(tài)生境系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：2125387