本文選題：灘涂圍墾區(qū) + 最小累積阻力模型　； 參考：《寧波大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟和社會的發(fā)展,需要越來越多的土地和空間,灘涂作為我國六種土地后備資源之一,圍墾規(guī)模和開發(fā)強度越來越大。灘涂圍墾為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供了空間但也引發(fā)了一系列的生態(tài)問題,如沿海濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化、生物多樣性降低等。本文選取江蘇省中部東臺市灘涂圍墾區(qū)為典型區(qū)域,以1990年、2000年、2010年三個期TM影像為主要數(shù)據(jù),結合其他輔助信息和野外觀測,依靠GPS、GIS、RS等空間信息技術,研究了東臺市灘涂圍墾區(qū)景觀格局的時空動態(tài)變化過程,并運用累計阻力模型探討了景觀格局優(yōu)化問題,得到如下主要結論:1、研究區(qū)景觀類型中,農(nóng)業(yè)景觀面積最大,占絕對優(yōu)勢。但在大規(guī)模圍墾的背景下,東臺市圍墾區(qū)景觀出現(xiàn)了破碎化、連通性降低等問題,人工景觀不斷擠占自然景觀,生態(tài)用地減少,景觀的連通性降低,需要通過識別和強化生態(tài)關鍵區(qū),加強生態(tài)連通性,從而實現(xiàn)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的良性發(fā)展。2、1990年至2000年研究區(qū)內以耕地為主,占總面積的80%,居民地和養(yǎng)殖用地面積增加,光灘面積減少。草地面積前期減少,后期大幅增;要素主要轉移方向為:海域轉向光灘和養(yǎng)殖用地、光灘轉向草地和養(yǎng)殖用地、草地轉向耕地和養(yǎng)殖用地、耕地轉向建設和養(yǎng)殖用地;人工景觀中耕地的優(yōu)勢度下降,其他類型則表現(xiàn)出強烈的擴張態(tài)勢,養(yǎng)殖用地的發(fā)展尤為突出;自然景觀在人工景觀的侵蝕下,景觀破碎化過程明顯,生態(tài)不穩(wěn)定性增加;區(qū)內景觀格局整體上趨于破碎化、離散化和多樣化:斑塊數(shù)量增多、平均面積減小、形狀更加復雜;斑塊間距離增大、相互作用減弱;景觀類型的均勻度、多樣性增加,優(yōu)勢度下降。3、研究區(qū)內各類景觀類型的生態(tài)服務價值差異很大,的濕地的服務價值無論是單價還是總量都是最高的,其次為農(nóng)業(yè)和水體;研究區(qū)景觀生態(tài)功能強度總體上由東向西逐漸變弱,內部差異由也東向西越來越明顯。4、研究區(qū)景觀優(yōu)化的主要措施有保護源地、構建廊道和強化節(jié)點。亟待解決的主要問題有沿海濕地的保護和片林基地的建設、道路的綠化等。本研究在理論基礎上做景觀格局與生態(tài)過程關系的探索、在實踐上嘗試用基于景觀格局的方法進行景觀優(yōu)化,為東臺市及沿海灘涂圍墾區(qū)的生態(tài)設計和管理提供科學依據(jù),有一定的理論創(chuàng)新意義。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, more and more land and space are needed. As one of the six kinds of land reserve resources in China, the scale of reclamation and the intensity of exploitation are increasing. Beach reclamation provides space for economic development but also leads to a series of ecological problems such as the degradation of coastal wetland ecosystem and the decrease of biodiversity. In this paper, the beachland reclamation area of Dongtai City in central Jiangsu Province is selected as a typical area. The TM images of three periods in 1990, 2000 and 2010 are taken as the main data, combined with other auxiliary information and field observation, and the spatial information technology, such as GPS-GIS-RS, is relied on. The spatiotemporal dynamic process of landscape pattern in beach-reclamation area of Dongtai city was studied, and the optimization problem of landscape pattern was discussed by using cumulative resistance model. The main conclusions were as follows: 1. Among the landscape types in the study area, the agricultural landscape area was the largest. Have an absolute advantage. However, under the background of large-scale reclamation, the landscape in Dongtai reclamation area has appeared the problems of fragmentation and decrease of connectivity. The artificial landscape is constantly crowding out the natural landscape, the ecological land is decreasing, and the connectivity of the landscape is decreasing. In order to realize the benign development of ecosystem, the ecological connectivity should be strengthened by identifying and strengthening the key ecological areas. From 1990 to 2000, the study area was mainly cultivated land, accounting for 80% of the total area, the area of residential land and culture land increased, and the area of bare beach decreased. The main transfer direction of the elements is: the sea area turns to the bare beach and the culture land, the light beach to the grassland and the culture land, the grassland to the cultivated land and the cultivation land, the cultivated land to the construction and the culture land; The dominant degree of cultivated land in artificial landscape decreased, other types showed a strong expansion trend, especially the development of breeding land; the natural landscape in the artificial landscape erosion, landscape fragmentation process is obvious, ecological instability increased; Overall landscape patterns in the region tend to be fragmented, dispersed and diversified: the number of patches increases, the average area decreases and the shape becomes more complex; the distance between patches increases and the interaction weakens; the landscape types are more uniform and diverse. In the study area, the ecological service value of all kinds of landscape types is very different, the service value of wetland is the highest, agriculture and water are the next; The intensity of landscape ecological function in the study area was gradually weakened from east to west, and the internal difference was becoming more and more obvious from east to west. The main measures of landscape optimization in the study area included protecting source, constructing corridor and strengthening node. The main problems to be solved are the protection of coastal wetlands, the construction of forest bases and the greening of roads. On the basis of theory, this study explores the relationship between landscape pattern and ecological process, and tries to optimize the landscape based on landscape pattern in practice, which provides scientific basis for ecological design and management of Dongtai city and coastal beach reclamation area. It has certain theoretical innovation significance.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P901;P748

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