本文選題：園林植物 + 植物多樣性��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市綠地作為城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要一環(huán),在緩解城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)壓力、改善城市人居環(huán)境這些方面都能起到重要作用。而隨著城市化進程的發(fā)展以及城市人口的不斷增加,人類與生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的矛盾和沖突也日益加劇。其主要表現(xiàn)為城市中人類活動會對環(huán)境造成影響,從而導致城市植物多樣性的不斷減少,城市生態(tài)功能的下降。本文針對西安城市綠地的植物多樣性問題,從西安市三環(huán)以內(nèi)的公園、單位附屬、居住區(qū)、廣場、道路等不同類型綠地中選取了150個具有代表性的樣地進行調(diào)查,從植物物種數(shù)量、重要值、生活型、豐富度指數(shù)、多樣性指數(shù)、均勻度指數(shù)及鄉(xiāng)土樹種的使用情況等方面對西安城市綠地植物群落進行調(diào)查研究。分不同綠地類型探討了西安城市綠地群落植物種類、多樣性及生活型分布,并對比了不同綠地類型的植被情況。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)在調(diào)查范圍內(nèi),共有樹種176種,薔薇科植物種數(shù)最多,有30種。其中喬木優(yōu)勢樹種主要有女貞、銀杏、國槐、雪松、油松、櫻花等,灌木層優(yōu)勢種主要有女貞、小蠟、石楠、海桐、石榴等。(2)不同綠地類型的喬灌植物在種類分布、豐富度、多樣性、均勻度上會存在差異性,主要原因在于植物群落的組成會根據(jù)綠地的不同功能及性質(zhì)而發(fā)生適應性變化。(3)西安城市綠地喬木層Simpson指數(shù)、Shannon-Weinner指數(shù)、均勻度指數(shù)分別為0.648、0.980、0.893,灌木層的分別為0.456、0.891、0.512。其植物的Margalef指數(shù)、Simpson指數(shù)、Shannon-Weinner指數(shù)以及均勻度指數(shù)整體呈現(xiàn)喬木層灌木層的特征。(4)在西安公園綠地中,物種豐富度的大體是均勻與合理的,Margalef指數(shù)分布在1-1.5之間。Simpson指數(shù)和Shannon-wiener指數(shù)表現(xiàn)出的趨勢大致相似。通過對比本次調(diào)查中公園綠地的多樣性指數(shù),公園的面積會對植物的多樣性指數(shù)產(chǎn)生影響,公園面積與植物多樣性指數(shù)呈反比。(5)西安城市綠地中喬木與灌木的物種數(shù)比值為0.56,常綠植物與落葉植物的比值為0.65。道路綠地中灌木的應用較多,尤其是常綠灌木(46.67%)的使用。喬木物種數(shù)比率較高的是公園綠地,常綠喬木和落葉喬木的比率分別達到9.76%和32.93%。在五種綠地類型中,道路綠地常綠與落葉植物的比值達到1.3,而公園綠地的比值最低(0.49)。(6)西安市鄉(xiāng)土樹種占全部綠化樹種的55.5%,其中廣場綠地最高(61.5%),道路綠地最低(50%)。西安市對鄉(xiāng)土樹種的應用還有所不足,應該加強西安市鄉(xiāng)土樹種的應用。本研究主要從植物物種組成、植物多樣性和鄉(xiāng)土樹種運用三個方面對西安不同綠地類型的人工植物群落進行研究,可對今后西安城市綠化建設(shè)提供可參考的依據(jù),這將對提高城市植物多樣性、增強景觀異質(zhì)性和改善城市生態(tài)環(huán)境起到重要作用。
[Abstract]:Urban green space, as an important part of urban ecosystem, can play an important role in relieving the pressure of urban ecosystem and improving urban human settlement environment. With the development of urbanization and the increasing of urban population, the contradictions and conflicts between human beings and ecological environment are becoming more and more serious. Its main manifestation is that the human activities in the city will have an impact on the environment, which will lead to the continuous decrease of urban plant diversity and the decline of urban ecological function. In view of the plant diversity of urban green space in Xi'an, 150 representative plots were selected from parks, units, residential areas, squares, roads and other different types of greenbelts in Xi'an. The plant communities of urban green space in Xi'an were investigated from the aspects of plant species quantity, important value, life form, richness index, diversity index, evenness index and the use of native tree species. The plant species, diversity and life type distribution of urban greenbelt community in Xi'an were studied according to different types of green space, and the vegetation conditions of different types of green space were compared. The results showed that there were 176 species in total and 30 species in Rosaceae. Among them, the dominant tree species are mainly Ligustrum, ginkgo, Sophora japonica, Cedar, Pinus tabulaeformis, Cherry, etc., and the dominant species in shrub layer are mainly Ligustrum, small wax, heather, pomegranate, etc.) the species distribution and richness of different types of Arbor and shrub plants in green space. The diversity and evenness will be different, the main reason is that the composition of plant community will change adaptively according to the different function and nature of green space.) the Simpson index of Xi'an urban greenbelt tree layer is Shannon-Weinner index, the main reason is that the composition of plant community will change adaptively according to the different function and nature of green space. The evenness index was 0.6480.800.893and the shrub layer was 0.5120.4560.891. The Margalef index, Shannon-Weinner index and evenness index of the plants showed the characteristics of shrub layer of Arbor layer. The species richness is generally uniform and reasonable. The distribution of Margalef exponent is between 1-1.5. Simpson index and Shannon-wiener index show a similar trend. By comparing the diversity index of the park greenbelt in this survey, the area of the park will have an impact on the diversity index of plants. The ratio of species number of trees to shrubs in Xi'an urban green space is 0.56, and the ratio of evergreen plants to deciduous plants is 0.65. The application of shrubs in road greenbelt is more, especially the evergreen shrub (46.67). The percentage of evergreen trees and deciduous trees reached 9.76% and 32.93% respectively. Among the five types of greenbelt, the ratio of evergreen and deciduous plants is 1.3, while the ratio of green land in parks is the lowest (0.490.49) 55.5% of all green trees are native trees in Xi'an. Among them, the highest in square green space is 61.5%, and the lowest in road green space is 50%. The application of local tree species in Xi'an is still insufficient, and the application of local tree species should be strengthened. In this study, the artificial plant communities of different types of green land in Xi'an were studied from three aspects of plant species composition, plant diversity and application of native tree species, which can provide a reference basis for the construction of urban greening in Xi'an in the future. This will play an important role in improving urban plant diversity, enhancing landscape heterogeneity and improving urban ecological environment.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S731.2

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