本文選題：景觀水體 + 浮游動物��； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：景觀水體是城市中的重要組成部分,其水質(zhì)的好壞直接影響著景觀的觀賞價值和周圍的人居環(huán)境。浮游動物對環(huán)境污染極為敏感,其群落特征能反映水質(zhì)狀況的優(yōu)劣,是水域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中重要的指示生物。本研究選取上海市33處公園及景點(diǎn)中的49個水體,于2014年分季度對其浮游動物(包括輪蟲、枝角類和橈足類)群落進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究,分析浮游動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與環(huán)境因子的關(guān)系,并對上海景觀水體的水質(zhì)狀況進(jìn)行綜合評價。主要結(jié)果如下:1.此次調(diào)查共鑒定浮游動物98種,隸屬于17科39屬,其中輪蟲82種,橈足類8種(含橈足幼體和無節(jié)幼體),枝角類8種,分別占總種類數(shù)的84%、8%、8%。浮游動物種類數(shù)的季節(jié)變化明顯,為春季夏季秋季冬季。2.浮游動物Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)(H')年平均值在各水體間的變動范圍為0.62~2.04,Margalef指數(shù)(D)變動范圍為0.39~2.28,均勻度指數(shù)(J)變動范圍為0.40~0.91;Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)(H')的季節(jié)變化為,夏季秋季春季冬季,Margalef指數(shù)(D)的季節(jié)變化為,夏季春季秋季冬季。均勻度指數(shù)(J)的四季差異相對不明顯。3.浮游動物數(shù)量生物量年平均值在各水體間的變動范圍為156~21958ind./L,其中輪蟲所占浮游動物數(shù)量生物量的比重最大;平均數(shù)量生物量的季節(jié)變化為,春季夏季秋季冬季。浮游動物重量生物量年平均值的平面變動范圍為0.06~17.22mg/L;平均重量生物量季節(jié)變化為,春季夏季秋季冬季。4.浮游動物優(yōu)勢種分別為裂痕龜紋輪蟲(Anuraeopsis fissa)、角突臂尾輪蟲(Brachionus angularis)、長三肢輪蟲(Filinia longiseta)、螺形龜甲輪蟲(Keratella cochlearis)、無棘螺形龜甲輪蟲(Keratella cochlearis tecta)、熱帶龜甲輪蟲(Keratella tropica)、多肢輪蟲(Polyarthra sp.)、疣毛輪蟲(Synchaeta sp.)、暗小異尾輪蟲(Trichocerca pusilla)、橈足類無節(jié)幼體(Nauplii)。四個季度的優(yōu)勢種有所不同,多肢輪蟲(Polyarthra sp.)為第一優(yōu)勢種,其四季優(yōu)勢度分別為0.237、0.336、0.309、0.180,明顯高于其他優(yōu)勢種。5.通過Pearson相關(guān)性分析得出,水溫(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、化學(xué)需氧量(COD)、總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)與浮游動物各指標(biāo)呈現(xiàn)顯著或極顯著的相關(guān)性。為探究景觀水體污染和富營養(yǎng)化程度對浮游動物的綜合影響,利用COD、TN、TP指標(biāo)進(jìn)行聚類分析,將所調(diào)查的49個水體劃分為四類。發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著水體污染和富營養(yǎng)化程度的增加,浮游動物的生物量也有明顯增加的趨勢,與景觀水體水質(zhì)特征關(guān)系密切。6.利用理化指標(biāo)、優(yōu)勢種、多樣性指數(shù)評價方法分別對上海景觀水體的污染狀況和富營養(yǎng)化程度進(jìn)行評價。根據(jù)理化指標(biāo)評價,上海景觀水體大部分處于富營養(yǎng)至重富營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)。根據(jù)浮游動物優(yōu)勢種評價,上海景觀水體營養(yǎng)類型屬于中富營養(yǎng)到富營養(yǎng)水平。根據(jù)多樣性指數(shù)評價,上海景觀水體基本處于中污-重污染狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:Landscape water is an important part of the city. Its water quality directly affects the ornamental value of landscape and the surrounding environment. Zooplankton is extremely sensitive to environmental pollution. Its community characteristics can reflect the quality of water quality, and it is an important indicator in the water ecosystem. This study selects 33 parks and landscapes in Shanghai. 49 water bodies in the point were investigated and studied on the zooplankton community (including rotifer, Cladocera and copepods) in the quarter of 2014. The relationship between the zooplankton community structure and environmental factors was analyzed, and the water quality of Shanghai landscape water was evaluated comprehensively. The main results were as follows: 1. this survey identified 98 species of zooplankton. In 17 families and 39 genera, there are 82 species of rotifer, 8 copepods (including copepods and naupls), and 8 species of Cladocera, accounting for 84% of the total species, 8%, and the seasonal variation of the number of 8%. zooplankton is obvious. The average annual value of the.2. zooplankton Shannon-Wiener index (H') in spring and autumn winter is 0.62~2.04, Margalef The variation range of the index (D) is 0.39~2.28, the variation range of the evenness index (J) is 0.40~0.91, and the seasonal variation of the Shannon-Wiener index (H') is the seasonal variation of the Margalef index (D) in summer, autumn, spring and winter, and the seasonal variation of the evenness index (J) in summer spring and autumn. The variation range of each water body was 156~21958ind./L, in which the number of zooplankton accounted for the largest proportion of the zooplankton, the seasonal variation of the average biomass was in the spring summer and autumn winter. The annual average value of the biomass of zooplankton was 0.06~17.22mg/L; the seasonal variation of the average weight biomass was in the spring summer. The dominant species of.4. zooplankton in autumn were Anuraeopsis fissa, Brachionus angularis, Filinia longiseta, and Keratella cochlearis (Keratella cochlearis), no spiny tortoise rotifer (Keratella cochlearis Tecta), tropical tortoid rotifer, multiple limbs. Polyarthra sp., Synchaeta sp., Trichocerca pusilla, and copepod naupli (Nauplii). The dominant species in the four quarter is different. The first dominant species is the dominant species of the multi limb rotifer (Polyarthra sp.), and its four seasons superiority is 0.237,0.336,0.309,0.180, obviously higher than that of the other dominant species by Pearso. N correlation analysis showed that water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and zooplankton showed significant or extremely significant correlation. To explore the comprehensive effects of landscape water pollution and eutrophication on zooplankton, using COD, TN, TP index to cluster analysis, the 49 water bodies were investigated. It is divided into four categories. It is found that with the increase of water pollution and eutrophication, the biomass of zooplankton is also obviously increasing, which is closely related to the characteristics of the water quality of the landscape water..6. uses the physicochemical indexes, the dominant species and the diversity index evaluation method respectively evaluate the pollution status and eutrophication level of Shanghai landscape water body. Based on the evaluation of the dominant species of zooplankton, the nutrition types of Shanghai landscape water body belong to the medium eutrophic and eutrophic level, according to the dominant species of zooplankton. According to the diversity index, the landscape water body of Shanghai is basically in the state of medium pollution and heavy pollution.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q958.8

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