本文選題：湄洲島 + 植物群落�。� 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：湄洲島是海上和平女神媽祖的故鄉(xiāng),聞名遐邇的媽祖文化的發(fā)源地,有著得天獨(dú)厚的濱海資源,先后被評(píng)為國(guó)家旅游度假區(qū),全國(guó)綠化百佳縣(區(qū))、全國(guó)綠化模范縣和國(guó)家AAAA級(jí)旅游區(qū)、湄洲媽祖文化生態(tài)保護(hù)實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū),中國(guó)生態(tài)文明示范基地,國(guó)家海洋公園,是福建省十大旅游品牌之一。但是,湄洲島園林樹種的選擇以及園林植物群落的配置隨意性大,在綠化植物種類選擇、植物配置、營(yíng)造和養(yǎng)護(hù)管理中,缺乏合理的定位、長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的考慮和科學(xué)規(guī)劃,出現(xiàn)了苗木選種、植物群落配置不到位等情況。植物群落是園林植物景觀的組成部分,是園林綠地系統(tǒng)生態(tài)功能的基礎(chǔ),也是園林綠化發(fā)展水平的重要標(biāo)志,構(gòu)建科學(xué)合理的植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)能促進(jìn)園林植物景觀高效、健康和穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展,因此,研究湄洲島植物群落現(xiàn)狀對(duì)湄洲島園林綠化的可持續(xù)發(fā)展及建設(shè)旅游生態(tài)島具有重要意義。對(duì)湄洲島整個(gè)島域采用典型樣地調(diào)查,選擇具有代表性的典型地段設(shè)立樣地進(jìn)行樣方調(diào)查,調(diào)查樣地有湄洲島主要道路植物景觀群落、公園、休憩地、景點(diǎn)及自然生態(tài)園,記錄所調(diào)查用地所有植物(包括喬木、灌木、地被、藤本)、群落中植物的數(shù)量(喬木、灌木按株統(tǒng)計(jì),地被按面積統(tǒng)計(jì))、以及各個(gè)植物景觀群落在一年四季的現(xiàn)狀表現(xiàn),并對(duì)所調(diào)查地點(diǎn)的特色部分進(jìn)行實(shí)地拍攝。收集整理材料,總結(jié)統(tǒng)計(jì)出植物種類、群落結(jié)構(gòu)與配置方式。通過一年四季植物群落的表現(xiàn)以及季相變化,采用統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法,分別計(jì)算出物種豐富度(S)、頻度(F)。收集相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料并整理,咨詢請(qǐng)教資深園林專家,分析出湄洲島植物群落現(xiàn)狀。對(duì)湄洲島現(xiàn)有植物種類應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀和植物群落配置方式進(jìn)行調(diào)查分析,總結(jié)出了湄洲島植物群落存在問題與緣由。(1)問題:群落現(xiàn)狀總體表現(xiàn)不佳,種植樹種結(jié)構(gòu)單一,品種不夠豐富,彩葉樹種、開花樹種與觀賞樹種運(yùn)用少,植物間的群落關(guān)系樹種組成簡(jiǎn)單,配置結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào),選配不合理,植物種植層次不明顯,植物景觀季相性不明顯,景觀單調(diào),穩(wěn)定性較差,花化、美化、彩化、香化不足。(2)緣由:自然環(huán)境條件惡劣、園林規(guī)劃與監(jiān)督管理制度存在缺陷、園林綠化專業(yè)技術(shù)力量薄弱、園林植物病蟲害嚴(yán)重、園林綠化資金投入不足、人為主觀因素影響。結(jié)合湄洲島植物群落研究結(jié)果的相關(guān)問題,針對(duì)湄洲島植物群落發(fā)展,提出以下幾點(diǎn)對(duì)策:(1)改善地域環(huán)境條件等不利因素措施;(2)完善園林綠化保護(hù)政策和落實(shí)管理制度;(3)加強(qiáng)園林綠化保護(hù)宣傳力度;(4)增強(qiáng)園林養(yǎng)護(hù)管理;(5)加大園林綠化資金投入;(6)形成色彩豐富與季相明顯的園林植物景觀。通過對(duì)湄洲島植物群落的現(xiàn)狀分析,提出了湄洲島植物群落的發(fā)展對(duì)策,為湄洲島植物選擇和植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化提供科學(xué)依據(jù),提高海島綠地植物群落構(gòu)建水平,并為今后園林綠化項(xiàng)目建設(shè)提供規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)意見和經(jīng)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo),以塑造出優(yōu)美的海島特色植物景觀。
[Abstract]:Meizhou Island is the hometown of the goddess of peace at sea Ma Zu, the birthplace of the famous Ma Zu culture, with its unique coastal resources, and has been named the National Tourism Resort area one after another. One of the top ten tourism brands in Fujian Province is the national green Baijia county, the national green model county and the national AAAA tourism area, the Ma Zu culture ecological protection experimental area of Meizhou, the demonstration base of Chinese ecological civilization, and the National Ocean Park. However, the choice of garden tree species in Meizhou Island and the allocation of garden plant communities are arbitrary, and there is a lack of reasonable positioning, long-term consideration and scientific planning in greening plant species selection, plant allocation, construction and conservation management. Seedling selection, plant community allocation is not in place and so on. Plant community is an integral part of garden plant landscape, the basis of ecological function of garden green space system, and an important symbol of the development level of garden greening. The construction of scientific and reasonable plant community structure can promote the efficiency of garden plant landscape. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the present situation of plant communities in Meizhou Island for the sustainable development of garden greening in Meizhou Island and the construction of tourism ecological island. A typical plot survey was carried out on the whole Meizhou Island, and sample plots were selected to establish typical plots. The sample plots included plant landscape communities, parks, open areas, scenic spots and natural ecological parks on the main roads of Meizhou Island. All plants (including trees, shrubs, ground cover, vines), the number of plants in the community (Arbor, shrub by plant, land cover by area) and the present situation of each plant landscape community in the four seasons of the year were recorded. And the site of the investigation of the characteristics of the shooting. Collecting and finishing materials, summing up the plant species, community structure and configuration. Based on the characteristics and seasonal changes of plant communities in the four seasons of the year, the species richness and frequency were calculated by means of statistical analysis. Collect the relevant literature and collate, consult the senior garden experts, analyze the present situation of Meizhou island plant community. The present situation of plant species application and plant community allocation in Meizhou Island were investigated and analyzed. The existing problems and reasons of plant community in Meizhou Island were summarized: the present situation of the community was not good, and the structure of plant species was single. The species are not rich enough, colorful leaf tree species, flowering tree species and ornamental tree species are used less, the community relationship between plants is simple, the configuration structure is monotonous, the selection is unreasonable, the plant planting level is not obvious, the plant landscape season phase is not obvious. The reasons for the monotony of landscape, poor stability, flower, beautification, color and fragrance are: the natural environment is poor, the system of landscape planning and supervision and management is defective, the technical strength of landscape greening is weak, and the plant diseases and insect pests are serious. The garden afforest fund investment is insufficient, the artificial subjective factor influence. Based on the research results of Meizhou Island plant community, the development of Meizhou island plant community is discussed. Put forward the following countermeasures: 1) improve the regional environmental conditions and other unfavorable factors measures: 2) improve the policy of landscape protection and implementation of the management system 3) strengthen the publicity of landscape protection and 4) strengthen the management of garden maintenance and management 5) increase the green garden A rich color and seasonal landscape of garden plants was formed. Based on the analysis of the present situation of plant communities in Meizhou Island, the development countermeasures of plant communities in Meizhou Island were put forward, which could provide scientific basis for plant selection and community structure optimization in Meizhou Island, and improve the construction level of plant communities in island green land. It also provides planning and design advice and experience guidance for the construction of landscape greening projects in the future, in order to create a beautiful plant landscape with island characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S688

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