本文選題：數(shù)值模擬 + 生態(tài)補(bǔ)水��； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：重慶典型重污染河流伏牛溪在實(shí)施了一系列整治工程后,仍然存在著面源污染嚴(yán)重、河流水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)尚未完全修復(fù)、景觀功能基本喪失的問題。對(duì)伏牛溪補(bǔ)充達(dá)到地表Ⅴ類水環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的水源、控制面源污染成為伏牛溪進(jìn)一步治理的措施。如何在補(bǔ)水時(shí)更好地改善河源水庫水質(zhì),以及如何根據(jù)伏牛溪水環(huán)境容量,確定伏牛溪流域面源污染負(fù)荷的削減量,從而指導(dǎo)伏牛溪流域今后的規(guī)劃建設(shè),是現(xiàn)階段伏牛溪綜合整治工程迫切需要解決的問題。為此,研究采用數(shù)值模擬的方法,對(duì)伏牛溪補(bǔ)水工程實(shí)施時(shí),不同補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)位置和數(shù)量設(shè)置方式對(duì)補(bǔ)水效果的影響進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,從提高水庫水質(zhì)改善效果的角度,確定了補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)的位置和數(shù)量;同時(shí),模擬預(yù)測(cè)了面源污染負(fù)荷對(duì)河道水質(zhì)的影響,并通過伏牛溪河道水環(huán)境容量計(jì)算,確定了伏牛溪流域的面源負(fù)荷削減目標(biāo)。研究為伏牛溪河源水庫補(bǔ)水方案的實(shí)施以及流域的合理的規(guī)劃建設(shè)提供了依據(jù)。研究得出的主要結(jié)果及結(jié)論如下:①口袋溝水庫補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)設(shè)置位置和數(shù)量的數(shù)值模擬研究結(jié)果表明:1)如按單一補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)水,連續(xù)補(bǔ)水14天,水庫約43000m2水面面積達(dá)到地表Ⅴ類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),占水庫總面積的78.2%,但泄水口左側(cè)面積約9000 m2庫灣處區(qū)域水質(zhì)無法達(dá)標(biāo)。因此采用單一補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)水,滯流區(qū)水質(zhì)難以得到改善;2)如按雙補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)水,且兩個(gè)補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)分別分配水量12000m3/d和3000m3/d條件下,連續(xù)補(bǔ)水14天,水庫約49500m2水面面積達(dá)到地表Ⅴ類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),占水庫總面積的90.1%。水庫中雖有兩處滯流區(qū)的水質(zhì)難以改善,但總面積僅為約3000m2,占水庫總面積的5.5%。采用雙補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)水,水質(zhì)改善效果優(yōu)于單一補(bǔ)水點(diǎn),但會(huì)增加約500m的管道工程投資;3)如按三補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)水,水庫中水質(zhì)開始變化時(shí)間縮短,連續(xù)補(bǔ)水14天,水庫約42000m2水面面積達(dá)到地表Ⅴ類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),占水庫總面積的76.4%。由于補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)的分散,補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)水量的減小降低了水動(dòng)力的對(duì)流擴(kuò)散作用,以及水動(dòng)力場(chǎng)相互抵消的原因,補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)對(duì)岸約8000m2的水質(zhì)很難改善,占水庫總表面面積的14.5%。4)從降低補(bǔ)水管道工程費(fèi)用角度考慮,設(shè)置單一補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)是較優(yōu)的設(shè)置方式;從水質(zhì)改善的角度考慮,設(shè)置雙補(bǔ)水點(diǎn),可獲得更好的水質(zhì)改善效果。②伏牛溪流域面源污染負(fù)荷對(duì)河道水質(zhì)影響的數(shù)值模擬研究結(jié)果表明:1)當(dāng)雨量達(dá)到中雨強(qiáng)度時(shí),上、中游河道CODMn、TN不能達(dá)到地表V類水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),全河段TP、NH3-N可以達(dá)標(biāo);當(dāng)雨量達(dá)到大雨強(qiáng)度時(shí),全河段TP、CODMn、TN不能達(dá)標(biāo),NH3-N可以達(dá)標(biāo);當(dāng)雨量達(dá)到暴雨及大暴雨強(qiáng)度時(shí),全河段CODMn、TN、TP均不能達(dá)標(biāo),上游河段NH3-N不能達(dá)標(biāo),中、下游河段NH3-N可以達(dá)標(biāo)。伏牛溪河道中CODMn、TN組分受面源污染負(fù)荷影響較大。2)COD、TN是伏牛溪流域面源污染負(fù)荷中需要重點(diǎn)治理的污染物。為滿足水環(huán)境容量要求,伏牛溪河道COD、TN污染負(fù)荷分別需要削減41.4%和41.7%,TP、NH3-N污染負(fù)荷分別需要削減25.3%和19.3%,其中,上游河段COD、TN削減量分別占總削減量的69%和66%;TP、NH3-N污染負(fù)荷削減量則全部來自上游河段,因此,上游河段是伏牛溪河道控制面源污染需要重點(diǎn)治理的區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:After a series of renovation projects have been carried out in the typical heavy polluted river in Chongqing, there is still a serious problem of surface source pollution, the river water ecosystem has not been completely restored and the landscape function is basically lost. How to improve the water quality of the Heyuan reservoir and how to determine the reduction of the pollution load in the volt river basin according to the water environment capacity of volt ox Creek and guide the future planning and construction of the volioxi river basin is an urgent problem to be solved in the current stage of the comprehensive renovation project of volt ox Creek. Methods the influence of the location and quantity of different water filling points on the effect of water supplement was simulated. The position and quantity of the water filling point were determined from the angle of improving the water quality of the reservoir. At the same time, the influence of the negative charge on the water quality of the river was simulated and predicted. The calculation of environmental capacity determines the target of the reduction of the source load in the volioxi River Basin. The research provides the basis for the implementation of the water supplement scheme and the rational planning and construction of the Heyuan reservoir in volioxixi. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) the numerical simulation results of the location and quantity of the setting and quantity of the water supplement point in the pocket Reservoir show that: 1) the water surface area of about 43000M2 of the reservoir reaches the grade V water quality standard, accounting for 78.2% of the total area of the reservoir, which is about 78.2% of the total area of the reservoir, but the water quality on the left side of the outlet is about 9000 m2 in the area of the reservoir Bay. Therefore, the water quality of the stagnant area is difficult to be improved by using a single water filling point. 2) such as double supplement water. Under the conditions of 12000m3/d and 3000m3/d, the water surface area of the reservoir is 14 days, and the water surface area of the reservoir has reached the grade V water quality standard. The water quality of two stagnant areas in the 90.1%. reservoir, which accounts for the total area of the reservoir, is difficult to improve, but the total area is only about 3000m2, accounting for 5.5%. of the total area of the reservoir. The water quality improvement effect is better than the single water filling point, but the water quality improvement effect is better than the single water filling point, but it will increase the investment of the pipeline project about 500m; 3) the water quality in the reservoir is shortened and the water is continuously replenishing for 14 days. The water surface area of the reservoir reaches to the surface grade V water quality standard, which accounts for the 76.4%. of the total area of the reservoir, which is due to the water replenishment point. The dispersion of the water and the decrease of the water content of the filling point reduce the convection and diffusion of the hydrodynamic force, and the cause of the counteraction of the hydrodynamic field. The water quality of the 8000m2 is difficult to improve, and the 14.5%.4 of the total surface area of the reservoir is a better way to set up a single water supply point from the angle of reducing the cost of the water supply pipeline. The results of numerical simulation study on the effect of surface pollution load on river water quality in volt ox Creek Basin show that: 1) when rainfall reaches the intensity of medium rain, the CODMn, TN in the middle reaches of the river can not reach the V water quality standard on the surface of the river, the whole river section is TP, and the NH3-N can reach the standard; when the rainfall is up to the standard, when the rainfall is available, the rainfall is up to the standard. When the intensity of heavy rain is reached, the whole river section TP, CODMn, TN can not reach the standard, and NH3-N can reach the standard. When the rainfall reaches the storm and heavy rain intensity, all the CODMn, TN, TP in the whole river can not reach the standard, the upstream section NH3-N can not reach the standard, and the lower reaches of the river reaches the standard. The CODMn of the volt cattle stream, the TN component is influenced by the greater.2). In order to meet the requirements of water environmental capacity, the COD and TN pollution loads in volt river channel should be reduced by 41.4% and 41.7%, TP, and NH3-N, respectively, by 25.3% and 19.3%, respectively. The COD and TN reductions in the upper reaches of the river are 69% and 66% of the total reduction, TP, NH3-N pollution load, respectively. The reduction is all from the upper reaches. Therefore, the upstream reaches are the key areas to control the non-point source pollution of the funixi river.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52

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