本文選題：景觀格局 + 景觀指數(shù)��； 參考：《西華師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：1978～2015年中國城市化率由17.9%上升到56.1%,預計到2050年中國城市化率將達72.9%。隨著人口的大量聚集,城市數(shù)量和規(guī)模不斷擴大,城市的自然、半自然下墊面逐漸被不透水地面取代,人工元素取代自然元素,逐漸成為城市景觀變化新特征。與此同時,越來越多的城市面臨環(huán)境污染、資源匱乏、交通堵塞等各種生境問題,這與城市景觀格局改變的人為干擾密切相關(guān)。在3S技術(shù)支持下,選擇成都市三環(huán)內(nèi)區(qū)域作為研究對象,對1992年、2002年和2014年3期遙感圖像進行解譯,采取景觀格局指數(shù)法分析城市景觀空間格局變化,選取研究區(qū)有代表性的公園、學校、寺院樣地,分析其植物種類構(gòu)成與景觀美景度。同時結(jié)合自然因子及人文因子等動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù),探討影響成都市景觀變化的驅(qū)動機制,可反映一定社會形態(tài)下的人類活動和環(huán)境干擾狀況。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)22年來研究區(qū)域建筑物、道路用地呈上升趨勢,面積比例分別由32.10%上升至55.24%、2.81%上升至23.27%;而綠地、耕地、水體、其他面積呈下降趨勢。建筑物用地一直為區(qū)域內(nèi)的基質(zhì)景觀類型,主要是由綠地、耕地、其他景觀類型逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化而來。1992～2014年研究區(qū)以建筑物和綠地為主的景觀格局轉(zhuǎn)化成以建筑物和道路為主的格局。(2)1992～2014年整體景觀形狀越來越復雜,破碎化程度上升,香農(nóng)多樣性指數(shù)從1.56下降至0.63,香農(nóng)均勻度指數(shù)稍有下降但趨近于1,表明景觀異質(zhì)性降低,各類型分布較均勻且基本穩(wěn)定,這是人類干擾景觀的必然結(jié)果。(3)景觀驅(qū)動機制以人口、經(jīng)濟以及政策等人文因子為主,人口增長是建筑物和道路面積增加的主要因子,產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)變化、地形地貌和氣候的不穩(wěn)定性也對城市景觀格局造成一定影響。舊植物的淘汰、新植物的生態(tài)適應(yīng)性和生長狀況以及景觀設(shè)計的人為可控性也是城市景觀格局變化的因素。(4)研究區(qū)所選的公園、學校、寺院三種樣地植物種類共286種,其中喬木為主要生活型。銀杏、桂花、黃葛樹、紫葉李、杜鵑、紫薇、梔子、美人蕉、麥冬等植物是三種樣地共用園林植物,漆樹、檫木、扶芳藤、龍舌蘭、玉簪等是公園特有植物,厚樸、苦木、橘、棗、茉莉、無花果等是學校特有植物,臭椿、刺葵、黃楊等是寺院特有植物。(5)選擇研究區(qū)樣地71張有代表性的照片,制作問卷調(diào)查對研究區(qū)內(nèi)植物景觀進行美景度評價。結(jié)果表示:SBE值最高照片編號為11號,拍攝于人民公園,其值為10.99;SBE值最低的照片編號為60號,拍攝于活水公園,其值為7.78。植物色彩明度、植物景觀層次、植物種類、樹形以及植物健康完整狀況等都對評價人員評分有一定影響。該研究對成都市三環(huán)內(nèi)公園、學校、寺院園林植物以及植物景觀美景度做了調(diào)查研究,對成都市植物配置與改造有一定的參考意義,并對成都市景觀格局和驅(qū)動力進行定性和定量結(jié)合分析,以期有效反映成都市景觀格局現(xiàn)狀,更好理解成都市都市化與景觀各要素之間的作用與聯(lián)系,從而為該區(qū)域城市規(guī)劃提供科學依據(jù)和理論支撐。
[Abstract]:The urbanization rate in China has risen from 17.9% to 56.1% in the past 1978~2015 years. It is expected that by 2050, the urbanization rate of China will reach 72.9%. as the population is aggregated, the number and scale of cities are expanding continuously. The natural and semi natural underlying surface of the city is gradually replaced by the impermeable ground, and the artificial elements are replaced by the natural elements and gradually become the new features of the urban landscape change. At the same time, more and more cities are faced with environmental pollution, resource scarcity, traffic jam and other habitat problems. This is closely related to the human disturbance of urban landscape pattern change. Under the support of 3S technology, the region of Chengdu three rings is selected as the research object, and the 3 stages of remote sensing images in 1992, 2002 and 2014 are interpreted and the landscape is taken to take the landscape. The pattern index method is used to analyze the change of urban landscape spatial pattern. The representative parks, schools and monasteries of the study area are selected to analyze the plant species composition and landscape beauty. Meanwhile, the dynamic data of natural factors and human factors are combined to explore the driving mechanism of the landscape changes in Chengdu, which can reflect the human beings under a certain social form. The results of the study showed that: (1) for 22 years, the study of regional buildings, road land was on the rise, the proportion of area increased from 32.10% to 55.24%, 2.81% to 23.27%, while green space, arable land, water body, and other areas showed a downward trend. Cultivated land, other landscape types gradually transformed from.1992 to 2014 in the.1992 to 2014, the landscape pattern dominated by buildings and green spaces was transformed into the structure and road based pattern. (2) the overall landscape shape was more and more complex in 1992~2014 years, the degree of fragmentation increased, the Shannon diversity index decreased from 1.56 to 0.63, and the Shannon evenness index was slightly The decline is close to 1, which indicates that the landscape heterogeneity is reduced and the distribution of various types is more uniform and basically stable. (3) the landscape driving mechanism is dominated by human factors such as population, economy and policy. Population growth is the main factor of building and road area adding, industrial economic structure changes, topography and geomorphology. And the climate instability also has a certain impact on the urban landscape pattern. The elimination of the old plants, the ecological adaptability and growth of the new plants and the human controllability of the landscape design are also the factors of the change of the urban landscape pattern. (4) there are 286 species of parks, schools and monasteries three species of plants selected in the study area, of which the tree is the main tree. Ginkgo biloba, osmanthus, osmanthus, yellow gucet, purple leaf plum, Rhododendron, lerstroemia, gardenia, Canna and ophiopogon are three kinds of garden plants sharing garden plants, lacquer tree, sassafras, tequila, hairpin and so on are special garden plants, Magnolia, bitter tree, orange, jujube, jasmine, and fig are endemic plants of the school, Ailanthus, toon, and boxwood are endemic plants of the monastery. (5) 71 representative photographs of the study area were selected to make a questionnaire survey on the beauty of the plant landscape in the study area. The results showed that the highest SBE value was number 11, the value was 10.99, the lowest SBE value was No. 60, and the value of the plant was the color brightness of 7.78. plants. The landscape level, plant species, tree shape, and the health and integrity of plants have a certain impact on the evaluation of the evaluation personnel. The research has made a survey on the Chengdu three ring Park, the school, the temple garden plants and the landscape of the plant. It has some reference significance to the plant configuration and modification of Chengdu, and the landscape pattern of Chengdu. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the driving force is carried out in order to effectively reflect the present situation of the landscape pattern in Chengdu, and to better understand the role and connection between the urbanization and the landscape elements in Chengdu, thus providing scientific basis and theoretical support for the urban planning of the region.

【學位授予單位】：西華師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU984.2

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