本文選題：小流域 + 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)旨在指導(dǎo)和完善對農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的管理,確保農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的保護(hù)與可持續(xù)利用。從小流域尺度來分析農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù),研究生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)與小流域治理的關(guān)系,探討農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)進(jìn)一步提升的制約因素和不同規(guī)劃措施下小流域農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)優(yōu)化效果,為小流域綜合治理從生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)角度提供參考依據(jù)。甲積峪屬于黃土高原地區(qū)典型小流域。本文選擇甲積峪小流域作為研究對象,根據(jù)三期(1998、2006和2012年)土地利用分布圖,采用生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值評估方法計算不同時期、經(jīng)過不同措施綜合治理的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值。在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步分析影響小流域農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的因素及對服務(wù)價值提升的影響,明確小流域農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值進(jìn)一步提升的限制因素,利用空間格局轉(zhuǎn)移對小流域農(nóng)業(yè)景觀進(jìn)行優(yōu)化；最后利用多目標(biāo)線性規(guī)劃方法調(diào)整土地利用結(jié)構(gòu),對比分析5種權(quán)衡小流域農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的食物生產(chǎn)服務(wù)與其他服務(wù)價值的情景,對農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值評估結(jié)果表明：1998年甲積峪小流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值為1355.89萬元,其中農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)為1264.11萬元,經(jīng)過各階段的治理,農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)大幅度的增加,2006年增幅為48.12%,2012年為119.31%。甲積峪15年間除坡耕地的服務(wù)價值下降外,其余土地利用類型的服務(wù)價值上升,1998-2012年對農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值增長貢獻(xiàn)率最大的為梯田服務(wù)價值增長,其次為喬木林,再次為經(jīng)濟林。農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)各項服務(wù)價值對比,15年間保持土壤、維持生物多樣性所占比例較大,食物生產(chǎn)、廢物處理、保持土壤服務(wù)價值比例持續(xù)下降。(2)影響農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值的變化因素分析表明：水土流失嚴(yán)重、干旱缺水、耕地質(zhì)量差是自然條件制約生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的重要因素,要提升小流域農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)就要解決這些問題；農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整提升了農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值；小流域治理措施的實施對小流域農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)提升影響最為突出,坡改梯、人工種草、退耕還林、荒草地轉(zhuǎn)移為林地等措施都會提升生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值,坡耕地轉(zhuǎn)移為荒草地使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價值降低。(3)1998-2012年,小流域農(nóng)業(yè)景觀格局變化較復(fù)雜,坡耕地的變化最大,分別轉(zhuǎn)移為了未利用地、梯田、林地、草地、果園,而又有部分未利用地變化為林地、建設(shè)用地和草地。1998-2012年,未利用地、坡耕地斑塊數(shù)量下降明顯,林地、草地景觀斑塊數(shù)量增加明顯；占據(jù)優(yōu)勢和主導(dǎo)地位的景觀類型由坡耕地變?yōu)槲蠢玫仉S后又變?yōu)樘萏�；平均斑塊面積變化最大的景觀類型為坡耕地、梯田景觀,其中梯田增幅最大,坡耕地降幅最大,林地、草地平均斑塊面積逐漸增加。1998-2012年小流域農(nóng)業(yè)景觀多樣性指數(shù)逐漸增加,均勻度指數(shù)逐漸增加,優(yōu)勢度指數(shù)逐漸降低,景觀破碎化指數(shù)先降低后增加。依據(jù)小流域治理過程中的各項治理措施對坡耕地和荒草地進(jìn)行景觀轉(zhuǎn)移優(yōu)化,給出可以轉(zhuǎn)移后景觀類型及面積,為農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)優(yōu)化的多目標(biāo)線性規(guī)劃提供約束條件。(4)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果顯示：情景五“其他服務(wù)最優(yōu)”的優(yōu)化方案是最適宜方案,規(guī)劃后農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)總價值為3706.21萬元,較2012年增加了33.68%。小流域農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)單位面積土壤保持量為439.13 t/hm2/a,比2012年增加了3.49%。與2012年相比,總斑塊數(shù)量減少,優(yōu)勢度指數(shù)增加,破碎化程度降低,規(guī)劃后景觀分布更加均勻,總體上使得農(nóng)業(yè)景觀空間格局更加合理,達(dá)到了規(guī)劃的目的。
[Abstract]:Study on agricultural ecosystem services to guide and improve the agricultural ecological system management, to ensure the protection of agricultural ecological system and sustainable utilization. Analysis of agricultural ecosystem services from small watershed scale, the relationship between ecosystem services and management of small watershed, the effect factors of optimization services to further enhance the ecological service system of agricultural industry and different planning measures of agricultural eco system in small watershed, provide a reference for the comprehensive management of small watershed services from the perspective of ecosystem. Jiajiyu belongs to the typical small watershed in the Loess Plateau area. This paper chooses Jiajiyu Watershed as the research object, according to the three period (19982006 and 2012) the land use map, the ecosystem service value assessment method the calculation of different period, through the comprehensive management of different measures of ecosystem service value. On the basis of further analysis of the influence of small Factors of agricultural watershed ecosystem services and improve the value of service, limiting factors clear agricultural ecosystem service value to further enhance the utilization of small watershed, spatial pattern transfer of agricultural landscape of small watershed optimization; finally, multi-objective linear programming using the method of adjusting land use structure, comparative analysis of 5 kinds of agricultural watershed ecosystem balance the production of food and other services value scenarios on agricultural ecosystem service optimization. The main results are as follows: (1) the value of ecosystem services assessment results show that: in 1998, a product of the ecological system of small watershed valley value is 13 million 558 thousand and 900 yuan, of which agricultural ecosystem services is 12 million 641 thousand and 100 yuan, through the management of each stage, increase the service range of the agricultural ecosystem, an increase of 48.12% in 2006, 2012 119.31%. Jiajiyu 15 years in slope farmland, clothing The service value decreased, the rest of the land use types of service value rise, 1998-2012 years of agricultural ecosystem services value growth contribution rate for the largest terrace service value growth, followed by the trees, again for the economic forest. Agricultural ecosystem services value comparison, 15 years of soil conservation, biodiversity maintenance accounted for a larger proportion of, food production, waste treatment, soil conservation service value ratio continued to decline. (2) the influence factors of agricultural ecosystem services value analysis shows that serious soil erosion, drought, and cultivated land quantity difference is an important factor restricting the natural conditions of ecosystem services, to enhance the agricultural watershed ecosystem services to solve these the problem; the adjustment of agricultural planting structure to enhance the agricultural ecosystem service value; the implementation of watershed management measures on agricultural watershed ecosystem services. Rise of the impact of the most prominent, terracing, artificial grass, forest, grassland and other measures for the transfer of forest land will increase the value of ecosystem services, slope farmland transfer to grassland ecosystem service value decreased. (3) 1998-2012 years, agricultural watershed landscape pattern change is complex, change of slope land the largest, respectively in order to transfer the unused land, woodland, grassland, terraced fields, orchards, and some unused land to forest land and grassland.1998-2012 years of construction, unused land, farmland patch number decreased significantly, the number of forest land, grass landscape patches increased significantly; the dominant and dominant landscape types from the slope farmland into unused land into terraced fields and landscape types; the biggest change is the average patch area of slope farmland, terraced landscape, of which the largest increase in the largest decline, terraces, slope farmland woodland grassland, average patch area Increased.1998-2012 years agricultural watershed landscape diversity index increased, evenness index increased gradually, the dominance index decreased, the landscape fragmentation index decreased first and then increased. On the basis of the control measures of governance process in small watershed on sloping farmland and grassland in the landscape transfer optimization, and the area of landscape types can be given after the transfer and provide constraints for multi-objective linear programming and optimization of eco agricultural system. (4) the agricultural ecosystem service optimization results show that optimal scenario five "best service" is the most suitable scheme, planning of agricultural ecosystem service total value of 37 million 62 thousand and 100 yuan, compared with 2012 increased agricultural ecological system of small units 33.68%. basin area soil conservation amount is 439.13 t/hm2/a, than in 2012 increased by 3.49%. compared with 2012, the total number of patches decreased, the dominance index increased, The fragmentation degree decreased, landscape distribution is more uniform, the overall agricultural landscape spatial pattern is more reasonable, reached the purpose of planning.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S181

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 王越;王還珠;;治理水土流失 改善生態(tài)環(huán)境 提高農(nóng)民收入——中國黃土高原水土保持世界銀行貸款項目介紹[A];水土保持發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略——中國水土流失與生態(tài)安全綜合科學(xué)考察及水土保持發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研討會論文集[C];2008年

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