本文選題：黃土丘陵區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：景觀格局動態(tài)　出處：《寧夏大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：植被覆蓋率低、水土流失嚴(yán)重、溝壑密度大等是黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)的主要特點(diǎn)。寧夏彭陽縣屬于典型的黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū),不合理的土地利用方式使土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)面臨巨大壓力。小流域是黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)和水土流失綜合治理的基本研究單元,研究該區(qū)縣域和小流域尺度上的土地利用/覆被格局變化具有重要的理論及現(xiàn)實意義。本研究廣泛總結(jié)前人研究成果與經(jīng)驗,結(jié)合“景觀生態(tài)學(xué)”的理論與方法,通過野外實地調(diào)查,利用遙感、全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)和地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù)手段,以黃土丘陵區(qū)典型縣域和小流域作為研究區(qū),在大尺度上較為全面的探討彭陽縣近20年土地利用景觀格局與動態(tài),并對相應(yīng)時段土地利用格局變化的主要驅(qū)動力做了詳細(xì)分析；小尺度上以黃土丘陵區(qū)的典型小流域為代表,按流域生態(tài)恢復(fù)措施劃分景觀類型,揭示各景觀類型的空間分布與海拔、坡度、坡向等地形因子的相互關(guān)系,為合理利用自然資源和流域生態(tài)恢復(fù)提供依據(jù)。論文研究結(jié)果表明：(1)20年間,彭陽縣未利用土地轉(zhuǎn)化率最高,主要向草地和耕地轉(zhuǎn)化。耕地景觀是彭陽縣1995-2000年的優(yōu)勢景觀,草地是該區(qū)域2005-2014年的優(yōu)勢景觀。2000～2005年間彭陽縣土地利用整體變化的幅度最大,速度最快,此階段也是退耕還林草工程快速推進(jìn)階段,人類活動對自然環(huán)境的影響較大,草地景觀在該階段增加速度最快,2010～2014年間城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)用地增加速度最快的地類,體現(xiàn)該區(qū)域受生態(tài)移民等政策的影響。彭陽縣景觀破碎化程度逐年減少,2005-2014年草地景觀成為了該區(qū)域的優(yōu)勢景觀。從研究區(qū)的土地利用變化類型,速度以及景觀格局變化數(shù)據(jù)都顯示了相應(yīng)時段國家退耕還林草政策,生態(tài)移民政策以及政策調(diào)整是彭陽縣土地格局變化的主要驅(qū)動力。(2)高建堡流域生態(tài)恢復(fù)景觀空間分布與地形因子顯著相關(guān),垂直分布特征明顯。海拔由低到高,景觀類型的分布表現(xiàn)為溝底防沖林→經(jīng)果林→退耕還林(草)→荒山自然封育→水平梯田→魚鱗坑整地→荒山造林的順序；坡度對流域的各景觀組分空間分布影響很大,分布比例均呈先逐漸增大后逐漸減小趨勢；坡向由陰坡轉(zhuǎn)向陽坡的過程中,退耕還林(草)、水平梯田、荒山造林景觀的分布比例減小,荒山自然封育和經(jīng)果林的分布比例增加,魚鱗坑及溝底防沖林景觀基本不受坡向影響。
[Abstract]:Low vegetation coverage, serious soil erosion and high gully density are the main characteristics of loess hilly and gully region.Pengyang County in Ningxia is a typical loess hilly and gully region. The land ecosystem is under great pressure because of unreasonable land use.Small watershed is the basic research unit of social economy and comprehensive management of soil and water loss in loess hilly and gully region. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the change of land use / cover pattern on the scale of county and small watershed in this area.Based on the theory and method of landscape ecology and field investigation, this study summarizes the achievements and experiences of predecessors, and uses remote sensing, global positioning system and geographic information system (GIS) technology, which is based on remote sensing, global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS).Taking the typical counties and small watersheds in the loess hilly region as the study area, the landscape pattern and dynamics of land use in Pengyang County in recent 20 years were comprehensively discussed on a large scale, and the main driving forces of the change of land use pattern in the corresponding period were analyzed in detail.On the small scale, the typical small watershed in loess hilly area is taken as the representative, the landscape type is divided according to the ecological restoration measures of the watershed, and the relationship between the spatial distribution of each landscape type and the topographic factors such as elevation, slope, slope direction and so on is revealed.It provides the basis for rational utilization of natural resources and ecological restoration of watershed.The results show that the conversion rate of unused land in Pengyang County is the highest in the past 20 years, and it is mainly converted to grassland and cultivated land.The cultivated land landscape is the dominant landscape in Pengyang County from 1995 to 2000, and the grassland landscape is the dominant landscape in Pengyang County from 2005 to 2014. The overall change of land use in Pengyang County was the largest and the fastest between 2005 and 2005. This stage is also the rapid progress stage of the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland.The impact of human activities on the natural environment is great. The grassland landscape has the fastest increasing rate in this stage and the fastest increase of urban construction land in 2010 and 2014, which shows that the region is affected by ecological migration and other policies.The degree of landscape fragmentation in Pengyang County decreased year by year and grassland landscape became the dominant landscape in Pengyang County from 2005 to 2014.According to the data of land use change type, speed and landscape pattern change in the study area, the national policy of returning cropland to forest and grassland has been shown in the corresponding period.Ecological migration policy and policy adjustment are the main driving force of land pattern change in Pengyang County.From low altitude to high altitude, the distribution of landscape type is shown as the sequence of afforestation of forest with flushing forest at gully bottom and returning farmland to forest (grass) through fruit forest and barren mountain.The gradient has a great influence on the spatial distribution of the landscape components in the watershed, and the distribution ratio is gradually increasing first and then decreasing gradually, and during the process of the slope changing from the shady slope to the sunny slope, the cultivated land is returned to forest (grass and grass, horizontal terrace).The distribution ratio of afforestation landscape of barren mountain decreased, the distribution proportion of natural closure of barren mountain and the distribution proportion of forest through fruit forest increased, and the landscape of fish scale pit and flushing forest at the bottom of gully was not affected by slope direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P901

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