本文選題：紫色母巖　切入點：聚合硫酸鐵　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展以及人們生活水平的提高,供人類娛樂及美化居住環(huán)境的景觀水體越來越多。然而,由于大部分景觀水體屬于封閉或半封閉排水系統(tǒng),農(nóng)業(yè)污染廢水、漁業(yè)污水、生活污水以及大氣污染降水等污染源流入其中后易造成景觀水體富營養(yǎng)化,甚至出現(xiàn)發(fā)“綠”、發(fā)“臭”等不良現(xiàn)象,嚴重影響周邊居民的生活及城市環(huán)境。因此,研發(fā)行之有效的景觀水體處理技術(shù)已成為目前急需解決的問題。眾多研究表明,城市景觀水體富營養(yǎng)化的根本原因是由于氮磷營養(yǎng)鹽含量超標(biāo)。因此,削減水體中氮磷含量是景觀水體富營養(yǎng)化治理的重點,尤其是作為水體富營養(yǎng)化控制性因素的磷元素。目前,景觀水體治理最常用的方法是吸附法和絮凝法,而吸附劑及絮凝劑的選擇對去除效果具有重大影響。傳統(tǒng)吸附劑鋼渣、粉煤灰、沸石等具有來源廣、價格低的優(yōu)點,但對景觀水體的治理效果較差。對傳統(tǒng)吸附劑進行改性可顯著提高其對景觀水體的凈化效果,但改性具有成本高,易造成二次污染的缺點。因此,研究高效、廉價、環(huán)境友好型吸附劑已成為景觀水體處理的重要工作。紫色母巖是廣泛分布于西南地區(qū)的一種沉積巖,其礦物成分比礫石復(fù)雜,含有較多的黏粒礦物,能夠吸附水體中的磷素。本課題組已有研究表明利用紫色母巖作為基質(zhì)或覆蓋材料均可有效治理景觀水體氮磷污染。作為一種無機高效絮凝劑,聚合硫酸鐵(PFS)具有絮凝速度快、絮凝效果好等優(yōu)點。本課題組通過預(yù)實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)將紫色母巖與PFS復(fù)合使用,可有效去除景觀水體總氮(TN)及總磷(TP)。因而,本研究選擇PFS作為絮凝劑,西南地區(qū)典型的4種紫色母巖作為吸附劑,研究PFS與不同種類紫色母巖復(fù)合對西南大學(xué)崇德湖景觀水體TN及TP的去除效果,并深入探討其去除機理,為景觀水體的治理提供一種高效低成本的方法。獲得主要結(jié)果如下:(1)在相同實驗條件(反應(yīng)體系:1L。攪拌參數(shù):380r·min-1下攪拌2min;100r·min-1下攪拌10min;靜置時間3h)下比較4種紫色母巖(J3p、J2s、T1f、J3s)、PFS單獨處理以及4種紫色母巖(J3p、J2s、T1f、J3s)分別和PFS復(fù)合處理對景觀水體TN及TP的去除效果。結(jié)果表明,PFS對水體TN、TP的去除率分別為15.11%、62.83%;4種紫色母巖中J3p對TN、TP的吸附效果最好,對水體TN、TP的吸附率分別為42.56%、20.35%;4種復(fù)合處理劑中J3p+PFS復(fù)合處理劑對TN、TP的去除效果最好,對TN、TP的去除率分別為50.84%、81.41%。復(fù)合處理劑對水體TN、TP的去除效果均比單一處理劑好,說明復(fù)合使用時,PFS發(fā)揮了可高效去除TP的優(yōu)點,而紫色母巖發(fā)揮了可高效去除TN的優(yōu)點,因此復(fù)合使用可高效去除水體中的TN、TP。為最終能夠確定一種優(yōu)化處理方法,選擇J3p+PFS最優(yōu)復(fù)合處理劑進行下一步的條件優(yōu)化實驗。(2)復(fù)合處理劑去除景觀水體TN、TP的影響因素研究表明,J3p+PFS復(fù)合處理劑的最優(yōu)投加量、最優(yōu)處理溫度以及最優(yōu)初始水樣pH值分別為J3p 6 g·L-1、PFS30mg·L-1,30℃,9。通過優(yōu)化實驗條件,可以提高J3p+PFS復(fù)合處理劑對水體TN、TP的去除效果。在最優(yōu)條件下,J3p+PFS復(fù)合處理劑對水體TN、TP的去除率最高,分別為54.10%、86.48%,表明J3p+PFS復(fù)合處理劑是一種新型復(fù)合處理劑,可應(yīng)用于景觀微污染水體的治理。(3)優(yōu)化復(fù)合處理劑對景觀水體TN、TP去除研究表明:處理后景觀水體Zeta電位顯著上升,但仍小于0;葉綠素a含量顯著下降;水體微生物的種類及含量均顯著下降;X-射線衍射分析發(fā)現(xiàn)處理景觀水體時,J3p+PFS復(fù)合處理劑與水體中的污染物質(zhì)發(fā)生反應(yīng),其內(nèi)部的方解石(CaC03)以及赤鐵礦(Fe203)被活化,移動到絮體表面;紅外光譜分析得出J3p+PFS復(fù)合處理劑去除水體TN、TP時,起主要作用的是-OH、-C=C、Fe-OH-Fe以及Fe-O基團和離子吸附作用;電鏡掃描及能譜分析發(fā)現(xiàn)J3p+PFS復(fù)合處理劑與景觀水體中污染物質(zhì)反應(yīng)形成的絮體表面更加緊實,大部分金屬元素含量下降,且出現(xiàn)P元素的能譜峰。綜合分析可知,J3p+PFS復(fù)合處理劑在去除水體TN、TP過程中既發(fā)揮了 PFS的絮凝作用,又發(fā)揮了 J3p的吸附作用及改變水體微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的作用,絮凝機理主要是電性中和作用,吸附機理主要是物理化學(xué)吸附作用。其中,J3p+PFS復(fù)合處理劑通過物理吸附作用降低水體微生物及葉綠素a的含量,從而降低水體TN含量;J3p+PFS復(fù)合處理劑通過物理及化學(xué)作用吸附水體中的磷素,從而降低水體TP含量。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standards, for human entertainment and beautify the living environment of the landscape water more and more. However, because most of the landscape water belongs to the closed or semi closed drainage system, agricultural wastewater pollution, fishery sewage, causing eutrophication to sewage and air pollution and other pollution sources into the precipitation even after the "green", "Stinky" and other undesirable phenomena, life and city environment surrounding residents seriously affected. Therefore, landscape water treatment technology of effective research and development has become an urgent problem to solve. Many studies show that the root cause of city landscape eutrophication due to nutrient nitrogen content exceed the standard phosphorus. Therefore, reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus is the key content of landscape water eutrophication, especially as Eutrophication Controlling Factors of phosphorus. At present, methods of landscape water treatment is the most commonly used method of adsorption and flocculation, adsorption agent and flocculant choice has great effect on removal. The traditional adsorbent slag, fly ash, zeolite has wide source, low price advantage, but the poor governance effect of landscape water. The traditional adsorbent the modification can significantly improve the purification effect of landscape water, but modified with high cost, easy to cause two pollution shortcomings. Therefore, research on efficient, cheap, environmentally friendly adsorbent has become an important work for water treatment. The landscape purplish rock is widely distributed in a sedimentary rock in Southwest China the mineral composition, than gravel complex, clay minerals contain more, can adsorb phosphorus in water. The research group has been shown by the purple rock as substrate or cover material can be effective treatment of landscape water body nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. As a kind of inorganic flocculant, polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS) has the advantages of fast flocculation, the flocculation effect is good. The research group will be found through pre experiment of purple parent rocks and PFS compound, can effectively remove the total nitrogen and total phosphorus of landscape water (TN) (TP). Therefore, this study selected PFS as flocculant southwest, 4 typical purple rocks as adsorbent of PFS and different kinds of purple rock compound of Southwestern University Lake TN Zonta and TP removal effect, and the study of its removal mechanism, provides a method of high efficiency and low cost for landscape water treatment. The main results are as follows: (1) in the same experimental conditions (reaction system: 1L. 380r min-1 mixing parameters: 2min 100r - min-1 under stirring; mixing 10min; static time 3H) under 4 kinds of purple parent rocks (J3p, J2s, T1f, J3s), PFS alone treatment and 4 kinds of purple parent rocks (J3p, J2s, T1f, J3s) Respectively and PFS combined treatment of landscape water TN and TP removal effect. The results showed that PFS on TN 62.83%, the removal rate of TP were 15.11%, 4; the purple parent rocks of J3p TN, the best adsorption effect of TP on TN, TP, the adsorption rates were 42.56%, 20.35% and 4; a composite treatment agent J3p+PFS composite treatment agent of TN, the best, the removal rate of TP to TN, the removal rate of TP was 50.84%, 81.41%. composite treatment agent on TN, the TP removal effect than single agent treatment, indicating that the composite is used, PFS has the advantages of high removal rates of TP. The purple parent rocks has the advantages of high removal rates of TN, so the use of compound can effectively remove TN in water, TP. for the final to determine an optimal method, the next step of the optimization experiment of J3p+PFS optimal composite treatment agent. (2) composite treatment agent to remove the landscape water TN, TP because of influence Study shows that the optimal J3p+PFS composite treatment agent dosage, the optimal treatment temperature and the optimal initial pH value of water was J3p 6 g, L-1, PFS30mg, L-1,30 C, 9. by optimizing the experimental conditions, J3p+PFS can improve the composite treatment agent on the water TN, the removal efficiency of TP. Under optimal conditions, J3p+PFS composite treatment agent of water TN, the highest removal rate of TP was 54.10%, respectively, 86.48%, showed that the J3p+PFS composite treatment agent is a new type of composite treatment agent, treatment can be applied to the landscape of micro polluted water. (3) the optimization of landscape water treatment agent TN, TP results show that the removal treatment of landscape water Zeta the potential increased significantly, but still less than 0; the content of chlorophyll a decreased significantly; the type and content of microorganisms were significantly decreased; X- ray diffraction analysis showed that the landscape water treatment, J3p+PFS composite treatment agent and water pollution substances react, the The calcite (CaC03) and hematite (Fe203) is activated, moving to the floc surface; infrared spectrum analysis of J3p+PFS composite treatment agent for removing water TN, TP, played a major role in the -OH, -C=C, Fe-OH-Fe and Fe-O groups and ion adsorption; scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis showed that the flocs the surface of J3p+PFS composite treatment agent and pollutants in landscape water formed by the reaction of firm, declined most of the content of metal elements, and elements of the P energy spectrum. The comprehensive analysis shows that the J3p+PFS composite treatment agent in the removal of TN, TP in the process of flocculation both play a role for PFS, but also played the role of J3p adsorption and the changes of the aquatic microbial community structure, flocculation mechanism is mainly charge neutralization, adsorption mechanism is mainly physical and chemical adsorption. Among them, the reduced water microbial J3p+PFS composite treatment agent through physical adsorption The content of chlorophyll a decreased the content of TN in water. J3p+PFS composite treatment agent adsorbed phosphorus in water by physical and chemical action, thereby reducing TP content in water.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52

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