本文選題：塔里木河中游　切入點(diǎn)：胡楊林　出處：《塔里木大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：塔里木河中游胡楊林區(qū)是重要的國(guó)家級(jí)胡楊林保護(hù)區(qū)之一，本研究從景觀尺度，應(yīng)用遙感分析技術(shù)與地面實(shí)地調(diào)查相結(jié)合的方法，深入探討了區(qū)域景觀格局的時(shí)空變化特征，同時(shí)切入影響區(qū)域胡楊林景觀格局變化的土壤水文特征這一重要方面，探討了水文特征的空間分布規(guī)律及與典型景觀斑塊的相互關(guān)系，通過(guò)研究得到了以下幾個(gè)方面的結(jié)論： （1）1993到2014年間，各類土地利用斑塊發(fā)生了顯著變化，其中農(nóng)田斑塊從無(wú)到有，增長(zhǎng)較快，而胡楊林斑塊則明顯下降。期間灌木林持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，這反映出整個(gè)區(qū)域以胡楊為主的森林群落，正在向以灌木林群落為主的荒漠灌木群落方向退化。同時(shí)胡楊林景觀斑塊顯示出破碎化過(guò)程和景觀斑塊逐漸消失的特征。 （2）1992年至2009年間，土地荒漠化景觀變化明顯，其中1992年輕度荒漠化面積占主體地位，但是至2009年極重度荒漠化面積已經(jīng)上升到了第一位，反映了荒漠化趨勢(shì)比較嚴(yán)重。 （3）1992年到2009年間胡楊林區(qū)受水文影響的區(qū)域范圍在逐步縮小。1992年是水文影響范圍最為廣泛的時(shí)期，且在景觀空間上的分布更加均勻，但是至2009年大部分區(qū)屬于重度缺水范圍，一些輕度缺水范圍逐漸縮小，并向河流沿岸附近集中，且較大面積的水體實(shí)際上已經(jīng)消失殆盡。 （4）胡楊林區(qū)河流的水文網(wǎng)從1992年至2009年發(fā)生了顯著變化，1992水文網(wǎng)的空間分布較密集，且空間上能夠延伸至大部分區(qū)域，至2009年河網(wǎng)逐漸變短，部分區(qū)域的河網(wǎng)逐漸消失，河網(wǎng)的空間距離增大。顯示出能受到水文網(wǎng)影響的區(qū)域在逐漸減少。 （5）研究顯示不同區(qū)域景觀斑塊中土壤水文物理性質(zhì)差異比較明顯，河岸區(qū)土壤1米深土層，平均含水率隨著距離河岸越遠(yuǎn)降低越多，呈明顯的下降趨勢(shì)。反映出河流對(duì)景觀斑塊水量的影響隨著離河岸距離的增加而降低。這引起了地表植被的分異，，深根系的喬木更多的分布于靠近河岸的區(qū)域，而耐旱的灌木和草本植物則更趨向于分布在過(guò)渡區(qū)和荒漠區(qū)的景觀斑塊中。土壤水文物理性質(zhì)中土壤含水率與喬木、灌木和草本的蓋度以及喬木和灌木頻度呈顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系。這符合胡楊林景觀斑塊多分布在河流水文網(wǎng)周邊區(qū)域的特征。
[Abstract]:The Populus euphratica forest area in the middle reaches of the Tarim River is one of the important national Populus euphratica forest reserves. In this study, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the regional landscape pattern were discussed from the landscape scale, using the method of remote sensing analysis combined with the field survey on the ground. At the same time, the soil hydrological characteristics of the landscape pattern change of Populus euphratica forest were analyzed. The spatial distribution of the hydrological characteristics and their relationship with the typical landscape patches were discussed, and the following conclusions were obtained from the study. Between 1993 and 2014, there were significant changes in land use patches, in which farmland patches increased rapidly from scratch, while patches of Populus euphratica decreased significantly. Shrubbery continued to increase during the period. This shows that the forest community of Populus euphratica in the whole region is degenerating to desert shrub community which is dominated by shrubbery. Meanwhile, the landscape patches of Populus euphratica forest show the characteristics of fragmentation and gradual disappearance of landscape patches. (2) from 1992 to 2009, the landscape change of land desertification was obvious, of which slight desertification area occupied the main position in 1992, but the extremely serious desertification area had risen to the first place by 2009, which reflected the serious trend of desertification. (3) from 1992 to 2009, the area affected by hydrology in Populus euphratica forest was gradually reduced. 1992 was the most extensive period of hydrological impact, and the distribution of landscape space was more uniform. However, by 2009, most areas of Populus euphratica forest were in the range of severe water shortage. Some of the mild water shortage areas are gradually reduced and concentrated near the river banks, and large areas of water bodies have actually disappeared. (4) the hydrological network of rivers in Populus euphratica forest area changed significantly from 1992 to 2009. The spatial distribution of the hydrological network in 1992 was denser, and the hydrological network could be extended to most of the areas in space. By 2009, the river network became shorter and the river network in some areas gradually disappeared. The spatial distance of the river network increases, indicating that the area affected by the hydrological network is gradually decreasing. The results show that there are obvious differences in the hydrophysical properties of soils in different landscape patches, and the average moisture content decreases with the distance from the riverbank, and the average moisture content decreases with the distance from the riverbank to 1 meter deep soil layer. It shows that the influence of river on the water amount of landscape patches decreases with the increase of the distance from the riverbank, which leads to the differentiation of the surface vegetation, and the trees with deep roots are more distributed in the area near the river bank. The drought-tolerant shrubs and herbaceous plants tend to be distributed in the landscape patches in the transitional areas and desert areas. The coverage of shrubs and herbs as well as the frequency of trees and shrubs were positively correlated, which was consistent with the characteristics of landscape patches of Populus euphratica forest distributed in the surrounding area of river hydrological network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：塔里木大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S792.11;S715

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王雪軍,程春滿,楊建新,孫玉軍,付曉;生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱區(qū)的景觀動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)與預(yù)報(bào)研究[J];北京林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2003年04期

2 王秀蘭,包玉海;土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)變化研究方法探討[J];地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;1999年01期

3 史培軍,陳晉,潘耀忠;深圳市土地利用變化機(jī)制分析[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2000年02期

4 朱會(huì)義,李秀彬,何書金,張明;環(huán)渤海地區(qū)土地利用的時(shí)空變化分析[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2001年03期

5 張明;榆林地區(qū)脆弱生態(tài)環(huán)境的景觀格局與演化研究[J];地理研究;2000年01期

6 傅伯杰,王仰林;國(guó)際景觀生態(tài)學(xué)研究的發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)與趨勢(shì)[J];地球科學(xué)進(jìn)展;1991年03期

7 王金艷;黃永林;譚慧明;蔣新;;利用ArcGIS生成水系密度的方法[J];地理空間信息;2010年06期

8 全志杰,黃林,毛曉利,呂恒,李元科;基于GIS支持下土地景觀空間格局動(dòng)態(tài)遙感研究[J];干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)研究;1997年04期

9 王根緒,程國(guó)棟;荒漠綠洲生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的景觀格局分析——景觀空間方法與應(yīng)用[J];干旱區(qū)研究;1999年03期

10 李霞;侯平;楊鵬年;;塔里木河下游胡楊對(duì)水分條件變化的響應(yīng)[J];干旱區(qū)研究;2006年01期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 孫麗娜;松嫩高平原土地利用景觀梯度變化及其土地生態(tài)環(huán)境響應(yīng)[D];東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

本文編號(hào)：1628309