本文關(guān)鍵詞： 哈爾濱綠化樹種 滯留顆粒物能力 葉表微形態(tài) 城市綠地 細粒物質(zhì)量濃度　出處：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前城市大氣顆粒物污染已成為城市環(huán)境最嚴峻的污染問題,嚴重威脅動、植物及人體健康。城市綠地具有降低局地大氣顆粒物濃度的作用,綠地降低顆粒物的效益與植物葉片特征及綠地結(jié)構(gòu)密切相關(guān)。因此,在植物個體層面,本研究通過測定植物單位葉面積滯留顆粒物質(zhì)量、觀察葉表形態(tài)特征比較了哈爾濱常見綠化植物滯留顆粒物的能力及其與葉表形態(tài)的關(guān)系；從群體層面研究了不同郁閉度和不同結(jié)構(gòu)綠地內(nèi)部細粒物(PM1.0、PM2.5)質(zhì)量濃度變化規(guī)律及細粒物與氣象要素的關(guān)系。以期為哈爾濱城市綠地建設(shè)選擇適宜的綠化植物和綠地結(jié)構(gòu)提供參考。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.哈爾濱綠化植物滯留顆粒物能力的結(jié)果表明：不同植物單位葉面積滯留顆粒物質(zhì)量差異顯著,9種喬木滯留顆粒物的能力依次為：桑樹梓樹山桃稠李水曲柳旱柳暴馬丁香杏華北衛(wèi)矛白樺；16種灌木滯留顆粒物的能力依次為：金山繡線菊珍珠繡線菊榆葉梅錦帶花金焰繡線菊小葉丁香圓錐八仙花茶條槭紅瑞木東北連翹紅王子錦帶花天目瓊花紅丁香接骨木紫丁香水蠟。城市綠化過程中可在同類綠化植物中選擇滯留顆粒物能力較強的種類,在滿足景觀需求的同時最大程度地發(fā)揮植物滯留顆粒物的效益。2.通過植物葉表形態(tài)與滯留細粒物能力對比發(fā)現(xiàn)：細胞不規(guī)則排列形成的起伏、小室或溝槽、曲折的細胞輪廓線等形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)利于葉表滯留顆粒物；較深的紋飾、分布不均勻的蠟質(zhì)層利于滯留顆粒物,間斷而較淺的紋飾及平滑的角質(zhì)膜不利于葉表對顆粒物的滯留；氣孔和表皮毛密度越大,滯留顆粒物能力越高。依據(jù)植物葉表形態(tài)特征選擇滯留顆粒物能力較高的綠化植物對降低城市局地細粒物濃度、凈化空氣具有重要意義。3.城市綠地內(nèi)部空氣細粒物質(zhì)量濃度低于對照道路,綠地內(nèi)部細粒物質(zhì)量濃度隨著綠地郁閉度的增大而減小,郁閉度超過0.9時綠地綠地內(nèi)部細粒物質(zhì)量濃度下降明顯。4.不同結(jié)構(gòu)綠地內(nèi)部空氣細粒物質(zhì)量濃度規(guī)律表現(xiàn)為：喬灌草結(jié)構(gòu)綠地喬草結(jié)構(gòu)綠地草地灌草結(jié)構(gòu)綠地,闊葉林針葉林。綠地內(nèi)部日間細粒物質(zhì)量濃度表現(xiàn)為上午明顯高于下午,高峰多出現(xiàn)在8：00,谷值多出現(xiàn)在14：00～16：00,之后稍有回升。5.綠地內(nèi)部細粒物質(zhì)量濃度與葉面積指數(shù)(LAI)負相關(guān)達到顯著水平,與郁閉度負相關(guān)。氣象要素與細粒物質(zhì)量濃度的關(guān)系較復(fù)雜,溫度與顆粒物基本呈負相關(guān),溫度超過25℃～27℃時細粒物隨溫度的增大下降較明顯；相對濕度與顆粒物呈正相關(guān),但相對濕度大于85%時,細粒物質(zhì)量濃度隨相對濕度的增大而減��；風(fēng)速與顆粒物基本呈負相關(guān)關(guān)系,但風(fēng)速達到1.1 m/s之后,顆粒物濃度隨風(fēng)速的增大而增加。
[Abstract]:At present, urban atmospheric particulate pollution has become the most serious pollution problem in urban environment, which seriously threatens the health of animals, plants and human beings. The benefit of reducing particulate matter in green space is closely related to the characteristics of plant leaves and the structure of green space. Therefore, at the individual plant level, the quality of particulate matter per unit leaf area of plant was measured in this study. The characteristics of leaf surface morphology were observed and the relationship between the retention of particulate matter and leaf surface morphology of common greening plants in Harbin was compared. The variation law of mass concentration of PM1.0 / PM2.5) and the relationship between fine particles and meteorological elements in green space with different canopy density and structure were studied in order to select suitable greening plants and green for the construction of urban green space in Harbin. The main results of the study are as follows: 1. The ability of plants to retain particulate matter in Harbin greening plants shows that there are significant differences in the quality of retention particles per unit leaf area of different plants and the ability of 9 species of trees to retain particulate matter. The ability of 16 kinds of shrubs, Bai Hua, to stay particles in order is: Jinshan embroidery, pearl stitch, hyacinth, leaf, plum, brocade flowers, Jin Yan, small leaves, cloves, cones, flowers, flowers, cloves, apricots, apricots, apricots, northern china, china, china, china, china, china, china, china, china, china, the ability of remaining particulates in turn. Acer sinensis, red ruffles, northeast forsythia, red prince, brocade, flowers, Agar, red clove, Elder, lilac, lilac, water wax. In the course of urban greening, the species with strong ability of remaining particles can be selected from the similar greening plants. At the same time, the benefits of plant residual particles were maximized. 2. Through the comparison of plant leaf surface morphology and the ability of remaining fine particles, we found that the irregular arrangement of cells resulted in fluctuations, chambers or grooves. Zigzag cell contours and other morphological structures are conducive to the retention of particulate matter on the leaf surface, while deeper ornaments and uneven waxy layers are favorable to the retention of particulate matter, while intermittent and shallow ornaments and smooth keratinocytes are not conducive to the retention of particulate matter on the leaf surface. The higher the density of stomata and epidermis, the higher the retention ability of particulate matter. According to the morphological characteristics of plant leaves, the greening plants with higher residual particulate matter ability can reduce the concentration of local fine particles in the city. The quality concentration of fine particles in urban green space is lower than that in the control road, and the concentration of fine particles in green space decreases with the increase of canopy density. When the canopy density was over 0.9, the concentration of fine grain in green space decreased obviously. 4. The law of quality concentration of air fine grain in different structure green space was as follows: Arbor, shrub structure, green space, grass structure, grass structure, grass structure, grass, grass, grass, grass, grass, grass, grass, grass, grass, grass and grass. In broad-leaved coniferous forest, the concentration of daytime fine grains in green space was significantly higher in the morning than in the afternoon. The peak appeared at 8: 00, and the valley appeared at 14: 00 at 16: 00, then rose slightly. 5. There was a significant negative correlation between fine grain mass concentration and leaf area index (Lai) and a negative correlation with canopy density. The relationship between meteorological factors and fine grain mass concentration was more complex. When the temperature is over 25 鈩，

本文編號：1549861