本文關鍵詞： 北朝 林木分布 林木生產 林木經營 林木管理 園林林木 社會生活　出處：《吉林大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：早在農耕文明出現(xiàn)之前，林木便已成為人們的衣食之源。農耕文明產生后，林業(yè)作為重要的經濟部門，對于人類生存和發(fā)展的意義仍不容小覷。通過對北朝時期的林業(yè)及相關問題的研究，不僅可以了解這一時期林業(yè)的發(fā)展水平，而且有助于加深對此時的生產技術、職官制度、園林建設以及社會生活等方面的認識，對北朝時期的技術史、制度史、園林史、社會史的研究也有重要意義。北朝時期，林木的分布主要集中于森林、農耕區(qū)、居住區(qū)以及園林等區(qū)域。這一時期，林木生產技術顯著提高，林木的采伐、林木的栽培、果品的后期處理等技術都得到了長足的發(fā)展，林木的運輸主要通過水路與陸路兩種方式，，林木買賣現(xiàn)象較為普遍。北朝時期，管理林業(yè)的職官體系也漸趨完備，無論中央與地方機構中都有林業(yè)職官的建置。其中，既有專職負責林業(yè)的職官，同時又有兼職管理林業(yè)的職官。管理林業(yè)的政令則涵蓋了弛禁山澤、森林保護和植樹造林等諸多領域，林業(yè)管理水平明顯提升。北朝時期是中國古典園林發(fā)展的重要階段，此時皇家園林、私家園林、寺院園林都有不同程度的發(fā)展，造園手法、營建風格、景觀布置較之前代均有很大的轉變。與此同時，園林之中栽植了大量的林木，林木成為園林主要的景觀之一，因此，園林林木是北朝時期林木獨具特色的組成部分。北朝時期，林木還與社會生活的眾多方面發(fā)生了廣泛而深刻的聯(lián)系，對時人的日常生活產生了巨大的影響。
[Abstract]:Long before the emergence of farming civilization, trees had become the source of food and clothing for people. After the emergence of farming civilization, forestry was an important economic sector. The significance of human survival and development is still not to be underestimated. Through the study of forestry and related issues during the Northern Dynasty, we can not only understand the level of forestry development in this period, but also contribute to deepening the production technology and official system at this time. The understanding of garden construction and social life is also of great significance to the study of the history of technology, system, garden and society in the Northern Dynasty. During the Northern Dynasty, the distribution of forest trees was mainly concentrated in the forest and farming areas. During this period, the technology of forest production has been improved significantly, and the techniques of cutting trees, cultivating trees, and treating fruits at the later stage have all been greatly developed. Forest transportation is mainly carried out by water and land, and the phenomenon of forest trade is relatively common. During the Northern Dynasty, the official system of forestry management gradually became more and more complete, no matter in the central or local institutions, there was the establishment of forestry officials. Among them, There are not only full-time officials in charge of forestry, but also part-time officials in the management of forestry. The government decree on forestry management covers many areas, such as the relaxation of the ban on mountain jars, forest protection and afforestation, etc. The level of forestry management was obviously improved. The Northern Dynasty was an important stage in the development of Chinese classical gardens. At this time, the royal gardens, private gardens, and temple gardens all developed to varying degrees, the gardening techniques and the style of construction. At the same time, a large number of trees were planted in the garden, which became one of the main landscape of the garden. Therefore, the garden forest is a unique part of the forest in the Northern Dynasty. Trees also have extensive and profound connection with many aspects of social life, which has a great influence on people's daily life.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S757;K239.2

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