本文關(guān)鍵詞： 水生植物 綜合公園 植物景觀 上海市　出處：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近幾年來,隨著濕地資源的保護(hù)、城市人工濕地的建設(shè)、城市河道水生植被恢復(fù)與水體污染修復(fù)、園林水體景觀的應(yīng)用等方面的迅猛發(fā)展,水生植物以其獨(dú)特的觀賞價(jià)值,生長迅速、繁殖快、病蟲害少等特點(diǎn),使其具有遠(yuǎn)大的園林應(yīng)用前景。在水體景觀中應(yīng)用水生植物,不僅能增添水面情趣、柔和駁岸曲線,使水面生動活潑,還可以改善與保護(hù)水體環(huán)境,監(jiān)測與控制大氣污染,促進(jìn)人們的身體健康。本研究以上海市主城區(qū)綜合公園的水生植物為對象,通過查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料和實(shí)地踏查統(tǒng)計(jì)出上海市主城區(qū)綜合公園水生植物的種類及其分布。首先選定上海主城區(qū)具有水生植物景觀的綜合公園——上海市世紀(jì)公園、黃興公園、大寧靈石公園、長風(fēng)公園等14個(gè)公園,分別從植物種類、觀賞特性、生長狀況、群落特征等幾個(gè)方面展開詳細(xì)的實(shí)地調(diào)查；其次從以下幾個(gè)方面對調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,一是植物的分布與應(yīng)用頻率分析,二是景觀特征分析,三是植物群落分析,四是外來種入侵趨勢分析；然后對水生植物的造景進(jìn)行分析研究,包括水體的形式、不同水體中水生植物的應(yīng)用、水生植物與周邊環(huán)境的關(guān)系等研究；再次運(yùn)用生態(tài)學(xué)理論和園林美學(xué)原理對水生植物的美學(xué)效果、生態(tài)效果和經(jīng)濟(jì)效果進(jìn)行分析研究；其中以現(xiàn)場走訪的形式得出游人對綜合公園水生植物景觀的相關(guān)意見及看法；最后就目前水生植物應(yīng)用的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行對比分析,指出上海市主城區(qū)綜合公園中水生植物應(yīng)用存在的問題,提出可行的有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的建議,為水生植物景觀設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)和養(yǎng)護(hù)管理提供參考和指導(dǎo)。研究結(jié)果表明：1.根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)資料和實(shí)地踏查統(tǒng)計(jì),得出上海市主城區(qū)綜合公園水生植物共有31種,分別隸屬于18科30屬,其中挺水植物有19種,浮葉植物有5種,漂浮植物有3種,沉水植物有4種。2.上海市主城區(qū)綜合公園均有水生植物的應(yīng)用,其中世紀(jì)公園、靜安公園、魯迅公園應(yīng)用的水生植物種類明顯多于其他公園,健康園的水生植物種類少且單一,黃興公園則只有應(yīng)用荷花。在這些公園中應(yīng)用頻率最高的為荷花(Nelumbo nucifera)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、睡蓮(Nymphaea spp.)等。3.水生植物主要的觀賞季節(jié)為夏季,大部分的水生植物的觀花期都集中在4-10月。水生植物的主要觀賞特征有賞花、觀葉及觀姿態(tài)三種類型。水生植物根據(jù)生境和生活型水生植物群落分為挺水植物群落、浮葉植物群落、沉水植物群落。4.在這些綜合公園中,湖占總個(gè)水體面積的絕大部分,幾乎每個(gè)公園都是以大面積的湖作為公園的主要景觀,池的應(yīng)用比較多,而溪流則很少。在大面積的湖中水生植物主要以大量的荷花和狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum)為主；池中應(yīng)用的水生植物的種類比較多,一般較精細(xì)；溪流中以水蔥(Scirpus validus)、菖蒲等營造野趣的自然景觀。5.水生植物的造景效果在很大程度上與周邊環(huán)境有很大的關(guān)系,水生植物與周邊植物、建筑物、小品之間一般就體量、色彩、構(gòu)圖方面進(jìn)行組合搭配,才能營造良好的水生植物景觀。6.水生植物景的美學(xué)效果包括布局、層次、色彩及意境。整體看上海市主城區(qū)綜合公園,水生植物在布局上主要有野趣型、點(diǎn)景型、鋪蓋型和對比型四種形式,調(diào)查的這些綜合公園中,水生植物色彩搭配感不是很強(qiáng)。7.在調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上針對水生植物應(yīng)用方面的問題,提出了一些建議,根據(jù)上海當(dāng)?shù)氐臈l件,適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┬缕贩N或鄉(xiāng)土植物,注重生態(tài)功能的發(fā)揮,提高水生植物景觀從業(yè)人員的專業(yè)素養(yǎng)和水景設(shè)計(jì)水平。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the protection of wetland resources, the construction of city wetland, water pollution remediation and restoration of aquatic vegetation in the city river, water landscape application and other aspects of the rapid development of aquatic plants, with its unique ornamental value, rapid growth, fast breeding, etc. few diseases and insect pests, so it has great garden application. Application of aquatic plants in water landscape, can not only add to the water taste, soft embankment curve, the water can also be improved and lively and vivid, and protect the water environment, the monitoring and control of air pollution, promote people's health. This study takes Shanghai City Comprehensive Park of aquatic plants as the object, through access to the relevant literature and field survey statistics of species and distribution of urban comprehensive park of aquatic plants in Shanghai city. The first selected Shanghai city comprehensive park with aquatic plant landscape Huang Xing Park - Shanghai City, Daning Century Park, Lingshi Park, 14 Park in Changfeng Park, respectively from the plant species, ornamental characteristics, growth status, investigating in detail several aspects of community characteristics; secondly, analyzes the results of the survey from the following aspects, one is the analysis and application of frequency distribution of plants, two is the analysis of landscape characteristics, the three is the analysis of plant community, the four is the analysis of invasive species and trends; aquatic plant landscape analysis, including water form, application of aquatic plants in different water, aquatic plants on the relationship with the surrounding environment; again using aesthetic effect theory of ecology and landscape aesthetics principle of aquatic plants, ecological effect and economic effect were analyzed; the form of on-site visits to draw relevant opinions of visitors aquatic plant landscape comprehensive park And view; comparison and analysis were made on the current status of the aquatic plant application, points out the existing application of aquatic plants in Shanghai city comprehensive park in the problem, put forward the feasible suggestions have practical significance for the design, the aquatic plant landscape, to provide reference and guidance for construction and maintenance management. The research results show that: 1. according to the literature and field survey statistics, the main city comprehensive park of aquatic plants in Shanghai city a total of 31 species, belonging to 18 families and 30 genera, of which there are 19 kinds of emergent plants, 5 floating leaved plants, floating plants have 3 species, the application of submerged plant is comprehensive park district has 4 kinds of aquatic plants in Shanghai city.2., which Century Park, Jingan Park, Lu Xun park used aquatic plants were obviously higher than other parks, health park aquatic plant species and single, Huang Xing park is only used in the Lotus Park should be. With the highest frequency of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) (Acorus, calamus), calamus Lotus (Nymphaea spp..3.) and other main ornamental aquatic plants for the summer season, most of the ornamental aquatic plants are concentrated in 4-10 months. The main ornamental characteristics of aquatic plants have flowers, foliage and posture of three types. According to the habitat of aquatic plants and aquatic plant life form is divided into communities of emergent plant communities, floating plant communities and submerged plant communities in these parks in.4. lake, accounted for the vast majority of total water area, almost every park is a large area of the lake as the main landscape park, pool more applications, and the stream is very few. In a large area of the aquatic plants in the lake mainly by a large number of Lotus (Myriophyllum verticillatum) and Myriophyllum; species pool used aquatic plants are more general than fine streams of water; Onion (Scirpus validus), Wild Iris and other natural landscape to create.5. aquatic plant landscape effect to a great extent and the surrounding environment has a great relationship with the surrounding aquatic plants, plants, buildings, pieces between general volume, color, composition combination collocation, aesthetic effect to create a landscape of aquatic aquatic plants.6. good plants including layout, level, color and artistic conception. The whole Shanghai city comprehensive park, aquatic plants such as wild type in the layout, landscape type, bedding type and comparison of four forms, the comprehensive park survey, aquatic plant color collocation sense is not very strong in.7. survey study on aquatic plant application problems, put forward some suggestions, according to the Shanghai local conditions, the proper use of some new varieties or native plants, focusing on ecological function, improve The professional literacy and water landscape design level of the aquatic plant landscape practitioners.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU986.5

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本文編號：1522012