發(fā)布時間：2018-02-02 17:58

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 長武縣 澇池 演變特征 人工濕地 地下水位　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：澇池為黃土高原提供了難得的濕地景觀,但隨著經(jīng)濟社會的快速發(fā)展,新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的全面深入,這種人工濕地正逐漸消失。研究澇池的演變過程、特征與影響因素,以及在補給地下水方面的可能作用,不僅能為澇池的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù),還對人們期望澇池能回歸重建的思想與實踐具有重要參考意義。基于長武縣4個調(diào)查點的澇池調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),本文就調(diào)查點澇池動態(tài)變化特征、澇池演變和在補給地下水方面的可能作用,以及澇池變遷的影響因素做了分析,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對澇池的保護與恢復(fù)提出建議。主要的研究結(jié)果如下:(1)長武縣澇池數(shù)量和面積在調(diào)查時段內(nèi)總體呈現(xiàn)出縮小態(tài)勢,其中20世紀(jì)80年代前變化相對平緩,其后縮小速率加快,2010~2014年澇池數(shù)量和面積縮小速率均達到最大,分別為-5.71%和-4.80%。與澇池總面積和總數(shù)量的急劇減少不同,單個澇池的平均面積卻有所增大,20世紀(jì)60年代初期為253 m2,90年代初期為288 m2,2014年調(diào)查結(jié)果為325 m2。這說明55年來小面積的澇池數(shù)量較大面積澇池數(shù)量減少得多。截止2014年,現(xiàn)存澇池數(shù)量為5個/10km2,消失澇池數(shù)量占澇池總數(shù)量的75.0%。現(xiàn)存澇池面積為171 m2/km2�，F(xiàn)存澇池僅存在兩種蓄水情況——季節(jié)性蓄水和臨時蓄水,其中季節(jié)性蓄水澇池數(shù)量占現(xiàn)存澇池總量的80.0%,主要存水時間集中在7、8、9三個月。(2)研究區(qū)地下水位下降嚴(yán)重。地下水的補給,主要來源于降水的入滲。澇池通過匯集場院道路等的雨水徑流在一定程度上能夠?qū)Φ叵滤M行補給。長武縣澇池面積的縮小與地下水位下降有同樣趨勢,表現(xiàn)出一定的因果關(guān)系,這可以解釋為降水通過澇池對地下水的補給量減少,可能影響到地下水位變化。(3)人類活動直接作用于澇池,決定著澇池的演變及變遷方向。長武縣1964~2011年間人口增長迅速,人口的增長帶動需求的增加,居民地和交通用地面積相應(yīng)增加,從而導(dǎo)致澇池較多地被居民地和交通用地占用。同時隨著經(jīng)濟社會的快速發(fā)展,人們的生產(chǎn)生活條件得到了極大改善,加之新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的全面深入,使得農(nóng)村原有的生產(chǎn)生活方式發(fā)生翻天覆地的變化,進一步制約了澇池的生存。人類活動既影響澇池數(shù)量也影響澇池質(zhì)量,人為因素主要從人畜用水方式、經(jīng)營管理和政策三個方面對澇池變遷產(chǎn)生作用。(4)21世紀(jì)要實現(xiàn)人與自然、人與社會的和諧可持續(xù)發(fā)展,構(gòu)建生態(tài)文明,需要因地制宜地發(fā)展當(dāng)?shù)氐母鞣N水利工程。一定規(guī)模地恢復(fù)澇池是需要人們重視的。澇池的改造、恢復(fù)和重建過程中不能僅僅只考慮蓄水防洪效益,而應(yīng)將澇池建設(shè)為集蓄水、排澇、休閑、觀景為一體的綜合性工程,這就要求加強相關(guān)技術(shù)研究,同時充分發(fā)揮村委會在澇池恢復(fù)和重建中的主體地位,注重全民參與,促進澇池在農(nóng)村生態(tài)-社會-經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用。
[Abstract]:Waterlogging pool provides a rare wetland landscape for the Loess Plateau, but with the rapid development of the economy and society, the construction of new rural areas in an all-round depth, this artificial wetland is gradually disappearing. The characteristics and influencing factors, as well as the possible role in recharge of groundwater, can not only provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of waterlogging pool. Based on the survey data of four survey points in Changwu County, the dynamic change characteristics of waterlogging pool are discussed in this paper. The evolution of waterlogging pool and its possible role in recharge of groundwater, as well as the factors affecting the change of flood pool are analyzed. The main results are as follows: 1) the number and area of waterlogging ponds in Changwu County showed a general trend of reduction during the investigation period. Before 1980s, the change was relatively gentle, and then the rate of reduction accelerated. From 2010 to 2014, the number and area of waterlogging pool decreased to the maximum. It is -5.71% and -4.80%, respectively. In contrast to the sharp decrease of the total area and the total number of waterlogged ponds, the average area of a single waterlogging pool is increased to 253m2 in the beginning of 60s of the 20th century. It was 288m2 in the beginning of 90s and 325m2 in 2014. This indicates that the number of large area waterlogging ponds in the past 55 years has been much reduced. The number of existing waterlogging pools is 5 / 10 km ~ 2. The number of disappearing waterlogging pools accounts for 75.0% of the total number of waterlogging ponds. The area of existing waterlogged ponds is 171m2 / km2. There are only two kinds of water storage in the existing waterlogging ponds seasonal and temporary. The seasonal water storage and waterlogging pool accounts for 80. 0% of the total number of existing waterlogging ponds, and the main water storage time is mainly in 7 / 89 / 9 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 2) the groundwater level in the study area is decreased seriously and the groundwater recharge is very serious. The main source is the infiltration of precipitation. The flood pool can recharge the groundwater to some extent through the Rain Water runoff which gathers the Yaiyuan road and so on. The reduction of the area of the waterlogging pool in Changwu County has the same trend as the decrease of the groundwater level. There is a certain causality, which can be explained as the decrease of groundwater supply through waterlogging pool, which may affect the change of groundwater level. Changwu County in 1964-2011 population growth, population growth led to the increase of demand, residential land and traffic land area increased accordingly. As a result, the waterlogging pool is occupied mostly by residents and traffic land. At the same time, with the rapid development of economy and society, people's production and living conditions have been greatly improved, coupled with the comprehensive development of new rural construction. Make the original rural production and life style changes, further restricted the survival of the flood pool. Human activities not only affect the number of flood pools but also affect the quality of flood pools, human factors mainly from human and livestock water use mode. Management and policy play an important role in the change of waterlogging pool. In the 21st century, we should realize the harmonious and sustainable development of man and nature, man and society, and construct ecological civilization. It is necessary to develop various local water conservancy projects according to local conditions. It is necessary to pay attention to the restoration of waterlogging ponds on a certain scale. The waterlogging pool should be built into a comprehensive project of water storage, drainage, leisure and view, which requires strengthening the relevant technical research and giving full play to the main position of the village committee in the recovery and reconstruction of the waterlogging pool. Pay attention to the participation of all people and promote the waterlogging pool to play its due role in the sustainable development of rural ecology-society-economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X143;P641

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本文編號：1485116