本文關(guān)鍵詞：阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化變遷研究　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 阿尼瑪卿 游牧文化 變遷 扎那和三部落

【摘要】：游牧是阿尼瑪卿周邊乃至整個藏區(qū)最古老、最重要的生活方式之一。本文以生活在阿尼瑪卿周邊的游牧部落—果洛扎那合三部落(??)的歷史淵源為出發(fā)點,重點論述了近年來該地區(qū)游牧文化的變遷狀況。阿尼瑪卿周邊的游牧部落因其所處地理環(huán)境的特殊性,游牧文化也具有一定的特殊性,但長期處于相對封閉狀態(tài)而國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對該地區(qū)游牧文化進行研究少之又少。研究阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化一方面能將處于邊緣地區(qū)的藏族游牧文化得到人們的關(guān)注,引導(dǎo)更多的學(xué)者在研究藏族文化時積極主動地從事游牧文化的調(diào)查和研究,不斷地擴充藏族文化。另一方面,對阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化能起到很好的保護和傳承作用,避免少數(shù)民族優(yōu)秀文化的消失。最后,也為當今的牧區(qū)發(fā)展提供豐富的內(nèi)容和理論依據(jù)。論文共分六章,第一章主要闡述了阿尼瑪卿周邊的自然狀態(tài)、社會環(huán)境以及該地區(qū)游牧部落的歷史更替。第一章分為三節(jié),第一節(jié)明確表述瑪域(?)與阿尼瑪卿周邊的文化范圍,所謂瑪域(?)泛指黃河源頭以及阿尼瑪卿地區(qū)整個遼闊的草原,但在本篇論文中阿尼瑪卿周邊特指扎那合三部落(?)所屬區(qū)域,故有廣義和狹義之分；第二節(jié)通過對藏族世界形成之九尊神和阿尼瑪卿山神供桑頌詞等的分析出發(fā),揭示了具有象征意義的地方神祗—阿尼瑪卿山神的歷史淵源,進一步論述了阿尼瑪卿山神與藏族原始信仰‘年’(?)的關(guān)系,引出‘年’(?)是青藏高原最古老族群之一的論斷；第三節(jié)簡略梳理了不同歷史時期棲居在阿尼瑪卿周邊的部落族群以及他們的流動狀況,因參考資料有限,很難精確地描述藏王松贊干布之前的部落組織形態(tài)和生活方式,或因一直處于與世隔絕的狀態(tài)而很難把握與其他部落之間的關(guān)系,但筆者通過對已有文獻的查閱和挖掘、并借助對當?shù)鼐用竦纳钊朐L談等方式從前輩們世代口傳的資料中找尋歷史發(fā)展的規(guī)律,從而得出比較詳實的結(jié)論。第二章論述了阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化的種種變遷。第一節(jié)概述了游牧文化及其研究現(xiàn)狀,并結(jié)合游牧文化的本質(zhì)概念及其特征說明了阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化變遷研究的時代意義；第二節(jié)簡述了游牧文化的創(chuàng)造者—牧人的性格及語言、禁忌方面的變化；第三節(jié)簡述了藏族牧人對草場的愛惜和傳統(tǒng)意識對草原生態(tài)保護的作用,通過分析研究家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責任制和近十年在三江源地區(qū)實施的生態(tài)移民工程全面啟動以來對草原生態(tài)環(huán)境和游牧文化的影響做比較,提出生態(tài)移民工程是阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化即將解體的前奏。第三章分為牧人的信仰和宗教儀式兩節(jié),分別從遠古時期拉(?)、魯(?)、年(?)等神祗的信仰闡釋了藏族萬物有靈觀對后期宗教和人們生活的影響。從拉則(?)、寺院建筑等遺留物及盛行于當?shù)氐淖诮虄x式來回顧苯教和藏傳佛教在阿尼瑪卿周邊的發(fā)展歷程,著重論述阿尼瑪卿周邊牧人在日常生活中的各種宗教行為以及宗教儀式的變遷狀況。信仰是人類精神的最高指向,神的存在是以信神的人的存在為前提的,阿尼瑪卿周邊牧人的信仰經(jīng)過了圖騰崇拜、苯教、藏傳佛教三個大階段。古老的圖騰崇拜和苯教經(jīng)過了數(shù)千年的歷史而至今仍然影響著牧人日常生活的方方面面,這與阿尼瑪卿周邊長期以來相對封閉的環(huán)境和發(fā)展狀況有關(guān),但隨著社會生產(chǎn)力的不斷發(fā)展,人們的精神世界也不斷發(fā)生變化,包括牧人的信仰也在不斷發(fā)生變化。第四章分為三節(jié),主要闡述了阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧民人文生活方面的變遷。第一節(jié)闡述了阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧人怎樣抵御外敵入侵或因雙方的搶盜而引起的糾紛困惑及其相應(yīng)的解決方式；第二節(jié)分別從狩獵、婚姻習俗等方面闡明了阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧民傳統(tǒng)習俗的嬗變；第三節(jié)從飲食習俗與經(jīng)濟運作方式、服飾文化、部落組織的歷史變遷著手,闡述了阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧民生產(chǎn)資料和生活法則的歷史性轉(zhuǎn)變。法律對于社會關(guān)系的調(diào)整是隨著社會變遷而有所變化的,阿尼瑪卿周邊牧區(qū)因為特定的歷史進程、生產(chǎn)方式、風俗習慣等原因形成了自己的習慣法,但隨著社會主義政權(quán)的建立、現(xiàn)代法制的確立以及自身的全面發(fā)展,該地區(qū)的習慣法與往昔已經(jīng)有所不同,并深刻地影響著習慣法。第五章分為兩節(jié),主要探討了阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧民文體藝術(shù)方面的變化。第一節(jié)闡述近些年來草原游牧人傳統(tǒng)體育項目‘索查’(?)及純屬娛樂游戲的‘凱德’(?)等加速衰亡的原因；第二節(jié)從情歌、勒夏(?)等民間吟唱類和《格薩爾王傳》、故鄉(xiāng)頌詞、謎語等演說類口傳藝術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀及其變化著手,論述了阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧民口傳藝術(shù)的變遷狀況。阿尼瑪卿周邊的游牧部落是孕育《格薩爾王傳》等各種民間藝術(shù)的土壤,沒有游牧部落以及承襲至今的部落制度,這些世代相傳的民間藝術(shù)或許早就進入了歷史而不能久遠傳唱。第六章分為兩節(jié),總體描述了阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化的現(xiàn)狀。第一節(jié)的論述中把二十世紀五十年代當作是阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化發(fā)生變遷的重要轉(zhuǎn)型期,描述相繼實施的政策對游牧文化轉(zhuǎn)型所起的重要作用；第二節(jié)運用人類學(xué)家所謂文化變遷的過程或途徑的視角,總體論述了游牧文化的創(chuàng)新、傳播、變異及其復(fù)興的現(xiàn)象。促使文化發(fā)生變遷的原因很多,當自然環(huán)境發(fā)生變化時,就可能需要在文化方面也隨之產(chǎn)生一種適應(yīng)性的變化。在阿尼瑪卿周邊的牧人同另一族群的接觸與交往中,也引進新的文化因素與新的觀念,從而使該地區(qū)的游牧文化發(fā)生變化。結(jié)語部分簡單陳述本篇論文的不足之處,因筆者缺乏人類學(xué)和社會學(xué)等方面的專業(yè)知識,田野調(diào)查經(jīng)驗不足,論文中難免會有因調(diào)查不夠深入而產(chǎn)生的偏頗和疏漏之處。變遷是人類一切文化的永恒現(xiàn)象,無論社會文化有著怎樣的變遷,社會最終總是趨于均衡、穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化變遷現(xiàn)象不是一個簡單的發(fā)展過程,其中有族群接觸、政治導(dǎo)向、生態(tài)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)等多種因素。本篇論文涉及了宗教文化和民俗文化的內(nèi)容,因而采用了文化人類學(xué)的研究方法和宗教學(xué)的研究方法,進行實地調(diào)查和訪談,獲取第一手資料；并通過解讀大量的歷史文獻,采用了歷史學(xué)的研究方法去追溯阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧部落的歷史及其文化背景,力求做到客觀、真實�？傊�,結(jié)合各種研究方法系統(tǒng)地闡述了阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化變遷狀況,彌補了阿尼瑪卿周邊果洛扎那和三部落(?)研究的歷史空白,使之成為第一個研究阿尼瑪卿周邊果洛扎那和三部落(?)的論文。本文第一章首次論述阿尼瑪卿山神與藏族原始信仰‘年’(?)的關(guān)系,提出‘年’(?)是阿尼瑪卿周邊最古老族群之一的論斷；依次從不同的視角探討阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化的種種變遷并首次具體分析游牧文化變遷原因,可視為本論文的創(chuàng)新之處。尤其筆者屢次深入民間進行田野調(diào)查,搜集了許多瀕臨消失的一手資料,對此進行分析、考證、運用,對研究阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化變遷研究具有一定的參考價值。首次直接從阿尼瑪卿周邊游牧文化變遷研究著手,闡述該地區(qū)游牧部落的歷史背景以及文化現(xiàn)狀,通過對已有文獻的查閱和挖掘、并借助對當?shù)啬撩竦纳钊胝{(diào)查等方式進一步論述游牧文化變遷現(xiàn)象。從前輩們世代口傳的資料中找尋歷史發(fā)展的規(guī)律,從而得出比較詳實的結(jié)論,這些對了解該地游牧部落的歷史文化以及變遷現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展趨勢也具有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:Nomad is the A'nyemaqen surrounding the whole Tibetan area is the oldest, one of the most important way of life. The life in A'nyemaqen surrounding nomadic tribes - three tribes that tie Golog (??) history as a starting point, focuses on the changes in the situation of nomadic culture in the region in recent years. The A'nyemaqen surrounding nomadic the tribe due to its special geographical environment, the nomadic culture also has certain particularity, but long-term in a relatively closed state and domestic and foreign scholars on the nomadic culture of the area to study less and less. Research of A'nyemaqen surrounding nomadic culture can be a Tibetan nomadic culture in the edge region to get people's attention guide more scholars actively engaged in the investigation and study of nomadic culture of Tibetan culture, Tibetan culture is constantly expanding. On the other hand, the A'nyemaqen surrounding You Muwen Can play a good role in the protection and inheritance of ethnic culture, avoid disappear. Finally, it provides rich content and theoretical basis for the development of pastoral area. The thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter mainly elaborates the A'nyemaqen surrounding the state of nature, history and social environment in the area of nomadic tribes the first chapter is divided into three sections, the first section clearly stated Mary domain (?) and A'nyemaqen around the range of culture, the so-called Mary domain (?) the vast grassland refers to the source of the Yellow River and A'nyemaqen area, but Arni and Qing tie that three tribes surrounding especially in this thesis (what?) area, it is divided into broad and narrow; the second section through the analysis of the formation of the nine world Tibetan deity and A'nyemaqen mountain for the tribute of mulberry, reveals the historical origin of the symbolic meaning of the local deity - Animaqing mountain, into a Step the A'nyemaqen mountain and the Tibetan primitive belief 'year' (?) relationship leads to the 'year' (?) is one of the most ancient ethnic Tibetan Plateau; the third section briefly summarizes the dwelling in A'nyemaqen surrounding tribes and their flow conditions in different historical periods, for reference is limited. It is difficult to accurately describe the king Song Xan Gan Bbu before the tribe organization form and way of life, or because of the relationship between has been in isolation and it is difficult to grasp and other tribes, but the author based on the literature review and mining, and with the help of the local residents interviews predecessor orally from generation to generation information search the law of historical development, in order to draw detailed conclusions. The second chapter discusses the various changes of A'nyemaqen surrounding the nomadic culture. The first section summarizes the research status quo and nomadic culture, And explains the significance of cultural changes surrounding the A'nyemaqen binding nature of nomadic concept and characteristics of nomadic culture; the second section introduces the Creator - Shepherd's personality and language of the nomadic culture, change of taboo; section third describes the Tibetan shepherd of the pasture and cherish the traditional consciousness of grassland ecological protection, through the analysis of comparing the impact on the ecological environment of grassland and nomadic culture since the research and implementation of the household contract responsibility system in the source region of Sanjiang nearly ten years of ecological migration project started, the ecological migration project is a prelude to the A'nyemaqen surrounding the disintegration of the nomadic culture. The third chapter is divided into two sections: beliefs and rituals, respectively, from the ancient times during the period of pull (?), Lu (?) years, (?) faith interpretation of deities of the Tibetan animism influences on the religion and people's life. From then (?), temple building and other remnants and prevailed in the local religious ceremonies to review bon and Tibetan Buddhism in the history of A'nyemaqen surrounding, focuses on the changes in the daily life of the various religious practices and rituals surrounding the A'nyemaqen shepherd. Faith is the highest point of the human spirit, the existence of God is to a man of God's existence as the premise, the A'nyemaqen surrounding the shepherd faith after totem worship, religion, Tibetan Buddhism in three stages. The ancient totem worship and religion after thousands of years and still influence the shepherd in all aspects of daily life, which is related to the A'nyemaqen periphery has long been relatively closed the environment and development status, but with the continuous development of social productive forces, people's spiritual world is constantly changing, including: faith also in constant change. In the fourth chapter Divided into three sections, mainly expounds Anima's humanistic Qing tour around the vicissitudes of life. The first section introduces the disputes confused Anima Qing tour around how to resist invasion or a shepherd caused by both robbing and corresponding solutions; the second section respectively from hunting, marriage customs and other aspects of the evolution of Anima's the surrounding nomadic traditions; the third section from the diet custom and economic operation, clothing culture, historical changes to tribal organization, elaborated Anima Qing surrounding nomads production and living the law of historical change. The adjustment of law for social relations along with the social change, Anima's pastoral areas because of the surrounding the historical process, the specific mode of production, customs and other reasons, the customary law of their own, but with the establishment of socialist regime, modern law system Establish and develop itself, and the old customary law in the area have different, and a profound impact on customary law. The fifth chapter is divided into two sections, mainly discusses the A'nyemaqen tour around the change style of art. And the first section discusses the nomadic people in recent years, the traditional sports' soza '(?) Kidd and the entertainment game' '(?) to accelerate the decline of reason; second section from the song, Lesha (?) and other folk singing and "King Gesar", home to the status and changes of a speech class such as the riddle of oral art, discusses the changes in the situation of A'nyemaqen surrounding nomads oral art. The A'nyemaqen surrounding nomadic tribes is < Gesar > and so on various folk art of the soil, no nomadic tribes and has inherited the system, these generations of folk art or early in the calendar Not long history of Sung. The sixth chapter is divided into two sections, the general description of the status of the A'nyemaqen surrounding the nomadic culture. The first section of the paper in 1950s as a transition change of A'nyemaqen surrounding nomadic culture, an important role in describing the implementation of the policy have on the nomadic culture transformation process or way of section second; the use of the so-called anthropologists culture change perspective, discusses the overall innovation, nomadic culture dissemination, variation and revival phenomenon. Many reasons of cultural changes in the natural environment, when the hair changes, it may also have a need to change the adaptability in terms of culture. In the A'nyemaqen surrounding the shepherd contact and communication with another group in the introduction of new ideas and new cultural factors, which makes the area of the nomadic culture change. The conclusion part. A single statement of this thesis deficiencies, because of the lack of Anthropology and sociology specialty knowledge, fieldwork experience, this will inevitably be caused by insufficient investigation of bias and omissions. Change is an eternal phenomenon of all human culture, the social culture has a kind of social change. The end is always balanced, stable state. The A'nyemaqen surrounding nomadic culture change is not a simple process of development, including ethnic contact, political orientation, to adapt to a variety of factors such as ecological environment. This thesis involves the religious culture and folk culture, and adopts the research method and research method of cultural anthropology religion, conduct field surveys and interviews to obtain first-hand information; and through the interpretation of a large number of historical literature, the historical research methods to trace the A'nyemaqen The historical and cultural background of the surrounding nomadic tribes, and strive to achieve the objective, true. In short, combined with various research methods, systematically expounded the A'nyemaqen surrounding nomadic culture changes, make up the A'nyemaqen around that bar and three tribes of Golog (?) history research, which became the first of the A'nyemaqen tie it around Guoluo and the three tribes (?) in the thesis. The first chapter of this paper first discusses the A'nyemaqen mountains and the Tibetan primitive belief 'year' (?) relationship, put forward the "year" (?) is one of the most ancient A'nyemaqen surrounding ethnic judgment; in turn from different perspectives to explore a variety of changes of A'nyemaqen surrounding nomadic culture and for the first time detailed analysis of nomadic culture changes, can be regarded as the innovation of this paper. The author especially often into folk fieldwork, collected a lot of first-hand information on the verge of disappearing, the analysis in this regard, The research, application, has certain reference value for the research on the surrounding nomadic culture change of A'nyemaqen. For the first time directly from the research surrounding nomadic culture change A'nyemaqen to illuminate the region of nomadic tribes of historical background and cultural status, based on the literature review and mining, and with the help of the local herdsmen the way of further in-depth investigation this nomadic cultural phenomena. Predecessor information orally from generation to generation to find the law of historical development, in order to draw detailed conclusions, these historical and cultural changes and the status of the understanding of the development trend of the nomadic tribes, but also has a certain reference value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G127

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本文編號：1429169