本文關(guān)鍵詞：北京奧林匹克森林公園鳥類棲息地植物景觀研究　出處：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 鳥類棲息地 北京奧林匹克森林公園 多樣性 植物景觀

【摘要】：隨著城市化的不斷推進(jìn),城市環(huán)境中適合野生動(dòng)物生存棲息的自然綠地逐漸喪失,城市公園已經(jīng)成為野生動(dòng)物最后的避難所。研究城市中鳥類棲息地的植物生境特征,有利于未來構(gòu)建有特色的鳥類棲息地植物景觀。本研究旨在通過調(diào)查北京奧林匹克森林公園中植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)、植物多樣性以及植物生境類型,分析鳥類群落與植物生境的關(guān)系,探究森林公園發(fā)揮城市鳥類棲息地生態(tài)功能的重要因素。根據(jù)不同鳥類集團(tuán)需求,提出城市鳥類棲息地的植物生境營(yíng)建策略與群落模式推薦。研究結(jié)果表明：(1)北京奧林匹克森林公園現(xiàn)有維管束植物212種(含變種／品種),隸屬65科159屬。喬木、灌木、草本和藤本的種類比為3.3：2.3：8.1：1。植物優(yōu)勢(shì)科屬為菊科(Compositae)(13.15%)薔薇科(Rosaceae)(12.21%)禾本科(Gramineae)(7.98%)蝶形花科(Leguminosae)(6.10%)。相對(duì)頻度最高的喬木種類為油松(Pinus tabulaeformis),灌木種類為金銀木(Lonicera maackii),草本種類為狗尾草(Setaria viridis)。全園鄉(xiāng)土樹種和食源樹種應(yīng)用程度較高,入侵植物有24種,全部為國(guó)外外來種。(2)森林公園中草本植物多樣性最高,全園波動(dòng)不大,基本能維持在較高水平,喬木層也表現(xiàn)出較高的物種豐富度和多樣性指數(shù),但灌木種類相對(duì)較為缺乏,多樣性較低。具有發(fā)達(dá)的喬木和灌木的生境類型中喬木和灌木的多樣性水平高,但會(huì)影響草本層植物的生長(zhǎng),導(dǎo)致草本植物多樣性降低。具有單獨(dú)優(yōu)勢(shì)種的植物生境表現(xiàn)為較低的喬木多樣性,但灌木和草本多樣性則相應(yīng)提高。而在喬木種類不多,灌木層缺乏的植物生境中,中上層植物的生長(zhǎng)受限使得草本植物多樣性增加。(3)北京奧林匹克森林公園共記錄到鳥類66種,分別隸屬于11目29科,珍稀鳥類共計(jì)34種。鳥類群落在區(qū)系組成方面以古北種鳥類為主；在季相方面,春秋季節(jié)鳥類群落的結(jié)構(gòu)組成波動(dòng)較大,記錄到的鳥類種類最為豐富,分別為44種、42種,夏季與冬季鳥類群落較為穩(wěn)定,分別為40種、31種：公園中繁殖鳥類大多采取樹上巢的筑巢方式,并且多在喬木中上層活動(dòng)；鳥類的取食方式以蟲食為主,但公園中出現(xiàn)頻度最高的鳥類優(yōu)勢(shì)種多為雜食性鳥類。(4)鳥類多樣性在森林公園不同區(qū)域的分布并不均勻,南園的鳥類物種及鳥類群落結(jié)構(gòu)在四季變化大,不同樣點(diǎn)間的鳥類多樣性差異明顯,而北園則保持較高的鳥類均勻度。10種植物生境下,植物群落水平結(jié)構(gòu)越復(fù)雜,吸引的鳥類越多,但鳥類均勻度和多樣性會(huì)下降。在株型舒展、植株高大的落葉闊葉類植物生境中,鳥類群落組成結(jié)構(gòu)則較合理,能夠保持較高的鳥類多樣性和均勻度。(5)植物生境中灌木的數(shù)量和多樣性對(duì)鳥類多樣性表現(xiàn)為顯著的正相關(guān),對(duì)鳥類均勻度呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與鳥類群落多樣性不存在顯著的線性相關(guān),但是隨著棲息地中喬木平均高度的增加,鳥類豐富度與多樣性指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢(shì)。樣點(diǎn)的與水距離與鳥類豐富度呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),人流量對(duì)鳥類均勻度呈顯著正相關(guān),道路數(shù)量與鳥類多樣性無顯著相關(guān)性。(6)不同鳥類集團(tuán)中的鳥類具有明顯的植物生境偏好,多種闊葉喬木混交的生境類型對(duì)鳥類群落的重要值最高,喬木種類中旱柳(Salix matsudana)、欒樹(Koelreuteria paniculata)等對(duì)鳥類群落的重要值最高,適合多種類型的鳥類棲息,在植物生境中能夠快速提高鳥類的豐富度和多樣性水平。(7)對(duì)北京城市公園鳥類棲息地植物種類規(guī)劃提出建議與策略,推薦適合營(yíng)造鳥類棲息地的喬木和灌木,及其植物群落模式。本研究結(jié)果對(duì)發(fā)揮城市公園鳥類棲息地的生態(tài)服務(wù)功能,構(gòu)建適宜鳥類棲息的植物景觀有一定參考價(jià)值,同時(shí)為風(fēng)景園林和生態(tài)學(xué)和動(dòng)物保護(hù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的合作提供了新的嘗試。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of city, city environment for wild animal habitat natural green space gradually lost, city park has become the last refuge of wild animal habitat characteristics of bird habitat. The plant of the city, to build a unique habitat for birds future landscape plants. This study aims to investigate the structure of plant community in Beijing Olympic Forest Park in plant diversity and plant habitat types, analysis of the relationship between bird communities and plant habitats, explore Forest Park play an important ecological function of the city habitat factors. According to the needs of different birds group, recommended plant habitat construction strategy and community mode of city bird habitat. The results show: (1) the vascular plants in Beijing Olympic Forest Park 212 species (including varieties and varieties), belonging to 65 families and 159 genera. Trees, shrubs, Species of herb and liana is 3.3:2.3:8.1:1. dominant species in genera Compositae (Compositae) (13.15%) (Rosaceae) of Rosaceae Gramineae (12.21%) (Gramineae) (7.98%) Papilionaceae (Leguminosae) (6.10%). The relative frequency of the highest tree species (Pinus tabulaeformis), Chinese pine shrub species for Jin Yinmu (Lonicera maackii), herb species (Setaria viridis). S.viridis garden of native trees and feed trees using a higher degree of invasive plants have 24 species, all foreign exotic species (2) in Forest Park. The highest diversity of herbaceous plants, the whole park less fluctuation, maintained at a high level, the tree layer performance higher species richness and diversity index of the shrub species, but are relatively deficient, low diversity. Habitat types has developed trees and shrubs in the tree and shrub diversity of wood is high, but will affect the herbaceous layer The growth of plants, resulting in herbaceous plant diversity decreased with plant habitat. The dominant species were isolated with low tree diversity, but shrub and herb diversity is accordingly increased. While in the tree species is not much, lack of shrub layer plants in habitats in the upper plant growth restriction increased the diversity of herb species. (3) the Beijing Olympic Forest Park recorded a total of 66 species belonging to 11 families and 29 orders, a total of 34 species of rare birds. Bird communities in the floristic composition of the Palearctic species of birds; in seasonal, spring and autumn bird community structure composition fluctuations, recorded bird species most abundant 44, respectively, 42, summer and winter bird community is relatively stable, respectively, 40, 31: Park breeding birds mostly adopt tree nest nests, and many trees in pelagic birds take activities; The food to herbivory, but the park appears in the highest frequency of dominant species of birds are omnivorous birds. (4) the diversity of birds is not uniformly distributed in different regions of the Forest Park, the bird species and community structure of birds in the changing seasons, the difference is not the same among the birds varied significantly, and North Park is to maintain a high uniformity of.10 species of birds habitat, the plant community level structure is more complex, more birds attract birds, but evenness and diversity will decrease. In plant stretch, deciduous plants habitat tall plants, the bird community structure is more reasonable, can maintain a high diversity of birds and uniformity. (5) number of shrub habitat and diversity of bird diversity is a significant positive correlation on species evenness index showed a significant negative correlation, and the structure of bird community diversity There is no significant linear correlation, but with the average tree height increases in habitat, species richness and diversity index showed a downward trend after rising. The water samples and the distance was negatively correlated with species richness, the flow of people on species evenness index showed significant positive correlation. There is no significant correlation between the quantity of Road and bird diversity. (6) different birds group of birds in plants with obvious habitat preference, various habitat types of mixed broadleaved trees on bird community of the highest, willow tree species (Salix matsudana), Luan tree (Koelreuteria paniculata) on the bird community of the highest, for various types of birds. Can improve the bird richness and diversity in plant habitat. (7) propose suggestions and strategies for the planning of Beijing City Park birds habitat and plant species, suitable for Create a habitat of trees and shrubs, and plant community patterns. The results of this study give full play to the city park habitat ecological service function, constructing a suitable plant landscape of the birds have a certain reference value, but also provides a new attempt for landscape and ecology and animal protection cooperation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：Q948

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 譚麗鳳;楊昌尚;;柳州城市公園冬季鳥類食源樹種調(diào)查研究[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2010年34期

2 楚國(guó)忠;鄭光美;;鳥類棲息地研究的取樣調(diào)查方法[J];動(dòng)物學(xué)雜志;1993年06期

3 陳志強(qiáng);付建平;趙欣如;丁長(zhǎng)青;;北京圓明園遺址公園鳥類組成[J];動(dòng)物學(xué)雜志;2010年04期

4 陳水華,丁平,鄭光美,諸葛陽;城市化對(duì)杭州市濕地水鳥群落的影響研究[J];動(dòng)物學(xué)研究;2000年04期

5 葛振鳴,王天厚,施文_g,周立晨,薛文杰;環(huán)境因子對(duì)上海城市園林春季鳥類群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征的影響(英文)[J];動(dòng)物學(xué)研究;2005年01期

6 李鵬;張競(jìng)成;李必成;Chris Wood;蔣萍萍;丁平;;城市化對(duì)杭州市鳥類營(yíng)巢集團(tuán)的影響[J];動(dòng)物學(xué)研究;2009年03期

7 隗永信;祁潤(rùn)身;;天壇公園鳥類調(diào)查[J];大自然;1999年01期

8 譚麗鳳;隆衛(wèi)革;梁愛麗;李海玲;姚月華;;柳州城市綠地生境因子對(duì)鳥類群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響[J];廣東農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2011年03期

9 范宗驥;董大穎;鄭然;王敏增;王奇峰;關(guān)文彬;;北京靜福寺側(cè)柏古樹林鳥類群落多樣性研究[J];北京林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2013年05期

10 孫欣欣;周凌燕;王中生;魏勇;王守攻;;濕地公園建設(shè)中鳥類棲息地的營(yíng)造——以江蘇句容赤山湖國(guó)家濕地公園白水蕩區(qū)為例[J];中國(guó)城市林業(yè);2014年04期

，

本文編號(hào)：1417434