本文關(guān)鍵詞：克里雅綠洲植被覆蓋的空間特征與其環(huán)境因子分析　出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 克里雅綠洲 植被覆蓋度 空間分異 環(huán)境因子 地理加權(quán)回歸 格網(wǎng)分析

【摘要】：水資源貫穿于干旱區(qū)一切矛盾的始終,高強度地水土資源開發(fā)下的水鹽失衡已成為引起干旱區(qū)綠洲景觀格局變化的關(guān)鍵因子,由此而引發(fā)的綠洲內(nèi)部土壤次生鹽漬化、外圍土地荒漠化以及生物多樣性降低等問題使得綠洲的生態(tài)環(huán)境更加脆弱,人水矛盾更加突出,綠洲的生態(tài)安全面臨威脅。水鹽作為最基本的生態(tài)環(huán)境因子,其在時間和空間上都呈現(xiàn)出一定的異質(zhì)性,這種生境異質(zhì)性由量變到質(zhì)變綜合作用于地表植被,使綠洲植被呈現(xiàn)出一定的空間特征。深入剖析現(xiàn)有水鹽狀況下綠洲植被的空間特征和影響其空間分異的環(huán)境因子的關(guān)系是解決綠洲穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵科學(xué)問題。因此,本文選取對陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變化最為敏感的指示性因子——植被覆蓋度,借助遙感、GIS等一系列空間分析技術(shù)探究了現(xiàn)有水鹽狀況下克里雅綠洲1996年、2000年、2006年、2011年和2016年五個時期植被蓋度的空間分布格局、空間分形結(jié)構(gòu)、空間自相關(guān)性和時空變化特征,并從自然和人文兩大子系統(tǒng)出發(fā),選取水、土壤、地形、氣候、土地利用和灌溉6個環(huán)境因子共11個變量剖析了這些環(huán)境因子與2016年的植被蓋度之間的空間耦合關(guān)系,最后運用主成分分析和地理加權(quán)回歸方法分析了影響植被覆蓋空間分異的主導(dǎo)環(huán)境因子及各主導(dǎo)環(huán)境因子的空間異質(zhì)性。研究結(jié)論如下:1.克里雅綠洲植被覆蓋度總體上呈現(xiàn)出綠洲內(nèi)部核心區(qū)域高于綠洲外圍的分布格局,空間差異明顯。五個時間段植被覆蓋度的Moran I指數(shù)都在0.5以上,呈空間正相關(guān),在空間上呈集聚的態(tài)勢,空間集聚效應(yīng)最強的是2000年,其次為2006年和1996年,2016年次之,2011年相較最弱。2.1996-2016年克里雅綠洲整體植被覆蓋的空間形態(tài)由復(fù)雜到簡單再到復(fù)雜,空間結(jié)構(gòu)由不穩(wěn)定到穩(wěn)定再到不穩(wěn)定,是一個動態(tài)變化過程;20年間綠洲植被覆蓋整體呈增加的趨勢,局部區(qū)域略有減少,其中增幅比較大的主要是農(nóng)區(qū),明顯減少的主要是在建筑用地周邊;各植被覆蓋類型在格網(wǎng)中的面積占比變化總體呈現(xiàn)出各覆蓋類型接壤的部位變化劇烈,“邊緣效應(yīng)”明顯,而且有“中向高轉(zhuǎn)、低向中轉(zhuǎn)、極低向低轉(zhuǎn)、非向極低轉(zhuǎn)”的趨勢。3.在影響克里雅綠洲植被覆蓋空間分異的環(huán)境因子中,地下水埋深、地下水礦化度、距地表水體距離、地表溫度、土壤鹽分與植被覆蓋度總體呈負(fù)相關(guān),土壤含水量與其呈正相關(guān),坡度對植被蓋度影響不大,與坡向的分析結(jié)果顯示,近乎所有植被覆蓋類型都呈現(xiàn)出東、西坡平坡北坡南坡的趨勢。距公路距離對植被覆蓋度影響的范圍有限,灌渠密度主要影響農(nóng)區(qū)的植被蓋度。4.植被覆蓋度與各土層土壤鹽基離子的Spearman秩相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,植被覆蓋度與土壤含水量呈弱的正相關(guān),相關(guān)性均不顯著;與電導(dǎo)率和除HCO3-離子外的其它鹽基離子呈負(fù)相關(guān),其中在20-40cm土層與Cl-、SO42-、K+呈顯著的負(fù)相關(guān),在40-60cm土層與電導(dǎo)率和Na+離子呈顯著的負(fù)相關(guān),在60-80cm土層與Cl-和Na+離子呈顯著的負(fù)相關(guān),在80-100cm土層與Cl-離子呈顯著的負(fù)相關(guān);與土壤表層和20-40cm土層的HCO3-呈顯著的正相關(guān);與土壤pH呈正相關(guān),但各土層相關(guān)性均不顯著。說明克里雅綠洲土壤理化性質(zhì)對植被的影響主要是鹽分脅迫,尤其是20-60cm土層的硫酸鹽、碳酸鹽和氯化鈉對植被的危害比較大。5.主成分分析結(jié)果顯示溫度、坡向、距公路的距離、距地表水的距離和地下水礦化度是影響植被覆蓋空間分異的最重要的生態(tài)因子。地理加權(quán)回歸結(jié)果顯示,所有解釋變量中對植被覆蓋度影影響最大的是溫度、灌溉—土壤水和溫度—地下水鹽分,而距公路距離、距地表水的距離和坡向與植被覆蓋度之間的相關(guān)性比較低。
[Abstract]:Water resources throughout all contradictions in arid area has high strength, water and salt imbalance of soil and water resources development has become a key factor caused by the change of landscape pattern of oasis in arid area, which caused the oasis soil salinization, land desertification and peripheral biodiversity decreased, more fragile ecological environment of oasis water, people become more prominent, the oasis ecological security threats. Salt water ecological environment as the most basic factor, which in time and space are showing a certain degree of heterogeneity, the habitat heterogeneity from quantity change to qualitative change in the comprehensive effect of vegetation, the oasis vegetation shows the spatial characteristics of certain depth. Analysis of spatial characteristics of existing state of water and salt under the influence of oasis vegetation and environmental factors in the spatial differentiation is to solve the key scientific problems of oasis stability and development. Therefore, the Select on terrestrial ecosystem change is the most sensitive indicator factors, vegetation coverage, using remote sensing technology, explores the existing situation of water and salt in Keriya oasis 1996, 2000, 2006 and a series of spatial analysis of GIS, 2011 and 2016 five period of vegetation cover spatial distribution pattern, spatial structure, spatial autocorrelation and the temporal and spatial variation characteristics, and from the natural and cultural situation of two subsystems, selection of water, soil, topography, climate, land use and irrigation of 6 environmental factors were 11 variables analysis of the spatial coupling relationship between the environmental factors and vegetation coverage in 2016, the spatial heterogeneity of the dominant environmental factors and finally using principal component analysis and geography the weighted regression method to analyze the effect of vegetation spatial differentiation and the dominant environmental factors. The research conclusions are as follows: 1. the vegetation coverage in Keriya Oasis Showing the oasis distribution pattern within the core area is higher than the outside of oasis, obvious spatial differences. The five time period of vegetation coverage of the Moran I index is above 0.5, a positive correlation, a trend of agglomeration in space, spatial agglomeration effect is the strongest in 2000, followed by 2006 and 1996, followed by 2016 in 2011, the weakest.2.1996-2016 years in Keriya oasis vegetation cover whole space from complex to simple to complex spatial structure from instability to stability and instability, is a dynamic process; 20 oasis vegetation cover showed an overall increasing trend, the local area decreased slightly, the relatively large increase of the main is the agricultural area, significantly reduced is mainly used in the construction of the surrounding; each type of vegetation cover in the grid in the area of accounting for changes in general showing each cover type on the part of fluctuations, " The edge effect is obvious, and there are "high, low to transit, very low to low, non environmental factors to the very low" trend of.3. on the effect of vegetation coverage in Keriya oasis spatial variation in groundwater depth, groundwater salinity, water distance from the surface, the surface temperature of the overall. The soil salinity was negatively correlated with vegetation coverage, soil moisture content and was positively related to slope on the little vegetation cover, slope analysis results and show that almost all types of vegetation are showing a trend of East and west slope of the northern slope of the southern slope. The slope from the road distance range of vegetation coverage on the impact of limited irrigation the density of vegetation is mainly affected by vegetation coverage.4. in covering the Spearman rank correlation analysis results and the soil cation showed that vegetation coverage and soil water content showed a weak positive correlation, the correlation was not significant; and the conductivity and the removal of HC The other is negatively related to cation O3- ion, which in the 20-40cm layer and Cl-, SO42-, K+ showed a significant negative correlation, in the 40-60cm soil layer was significantly negatively correlated with electrical conductivity and Na+ ions in the 60-80cm soil layer was significantly negatively correlated with Cl- and Na+ ions in the 80-100cm soil layer had a significant negative correlation with Cl- ion; a significant positive correlation with soil 20-40cm and soil HCO3-; pH was positively correlated with soil, but the soil was not significantly correlated. The influence of physical and chemical properties of soil in Keriya oasis vegetation is mainly salt stress, especially 20-60cm soil carbonate and sulfate, sodium chloride damage to vegetation is relatively large.5. principal component analysis results showed that the temperature, slope, distance to road, away from the surface water and groundwater mineralization distance is the most important ecological factors affecting vegetation spatial differentiation. Geographically weighted regression results It is shown that the greatest influence on vegetation coverage is temperature, irrigation, soil water and temperature, and groundwater salinity. The correlation between distance from road, distance to surface water and slope direction and vegetation coverage is relatively low.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李召良;段四波;唐伯惠;吳驊;任華忠;閻廣建;唐榮林;冷佩;;熱紅外地表溫度遙感反演方法研究進(jìn)展[J];遙感學(xué)報;2016年05期

2 藍(lán)欣;鄭嬌玉;江帆;郭建軍;江寶驊;孫悅迪;岳東霞;;石羊河流域下游植被覆蓋變化與地下水和氣候的響應(yīng)分析[J];蘭州大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2015年06期

3 劉加珍;李衛(wèi)衛(wèi);陳永金;劉亞琦;徐夢辰;王成祥;;黃河三角洲濕地水鹽影響下灌草群落的物種多樣性研究[J];生態(tài)科學(xué);2015年05期

4 何慧娟;卓靜;王娟;董金芳;權(quán)文婷;;陜西省退耕還林植被覆蓋度與濕潤指數(shù)的變化關(guān)系[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2016年02期

5 劉憲鋒;潘耀忠;朱秀芳;李雙雙;;2000-2014年秦巴山區(qū)植被覆蓋時空變化特征及其歸因[J];地理學(xué)報;2015年05期

6 趙舒怡;宮兆寧;劉旭穎;;2001-2013年華北地區(qū)植被覆蓋度與干旱條件的相關(guān)分析[J];地理學(xué)報;2015年05期

7 楊萍;劉雪華;;基于SPOT-VGTNDVI的瑪納斯縣植被覆蓋變化分析[J];干旱區(qū)資源與環(huán)境;2015年02期

8 宋鵬飛;白利平;王國強;徐宗學(xué);吳濱濱;;黑河流域地下水埋深與氣候變化對植被覆蓋的影響研究[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2014年05期

9 常學(xué)禮;呂世海;馮朝陽;葉生星;;地形對草甸草原植被生產(chǎn)力分布格局的影響[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2015年10期

10 李輝霞;周紅藝;魏興琥;;基于RUE和NDVI的人類活動對植被干擾強度分析——以桂西北為例[J];中國沙漠;2014年03期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 李亮;土壤—地下水系統(tǒng)對天然植被生長的影響研究：以敦煌盆地為例[D];中國地質(zhì)大學(xué);2013年

2 趙建軍;阿帕拉契亞山植被動態(tài)變化及其對氣候變化的響應(yīng)研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2013年

3 安樂生;黃河三角洲地下水水鹽特征及其生態(tài)效應(yīng)[D];中國海洋大學(xué);2012年

4 徐廣彬;公路建設(shè)對生態(tài)影響及植被恢復(fù)評價技術(shù)研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2011年

5 楊鵬年;塔里木河下游間歇輸水條件下地下水恢復(fù)與植被響應(yīng)研究[D];新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2005年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 李付靜;民勤縣青土湖水鹽梯度下沙地蘆葦生態(tài)響應(yīng)研究[D];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

2 鄒偉成;武夷山植被覆蓋與環(huán)境因子的空間異質(zhì)性關(guān)系[D];福州大學(xué);2014年

3 李曉印;基于GIS的植被空間格局研究——以在陜西省耀縣的實驗為例[D];西北大學(xué);2004年

，

本文編號：1398123