發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-17 00:22

  本文選題：袁宏道 + 尺牘文學(xué)��； 參考：《長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：袁宏道是明朝晚期文學(xué)革新運(yùn)動(dòng)的代表人物,同時(shí)也是公安派文人的代表,他們主張“性靈”以及“不拘格套”的文學(xué)觀念,文學(xué)審美上提倡“真情”和“直抒胸臆”。晚明時(shí)期,尺牘文學(xué)以其獨(dú)特的文體盛行于世,在尺牘文學(xué)的變化和革新中,袁宏道是一位關(guān)鍵性的人物。尺牘即書(shū)信,本是不用于發(fā)表的個(gè)人私密,通常篇幅不長(zhǎng),以溝通感情和敘述事情為主,最大的特點(diǎn)就是可以看出寫(xiě)信人的性情和思想。因此,尺牘是文人心靈獨(dú)白的一種載體。袁宏道用尺牘表達(dá)自己的真性情、吐露自己的心聲,他的文學(xué)藝術(shù)和審美在其中發(fā)揮得淋漓盡致。在晚明文學(xué)思潮的沖擊下,尺牘這一實(shí)用性文體由于文人主體情志的介入,也呈現(xiàn)朝抒情寫(xiě)意的方向演化的趨勢(shì),在李贄等文人筆下發(fā)生新變的、追求真趣、性靈的尺牘文,已然成為晚明小品的一個(gè)重要門(mén)類(lèi)。新變后的尺牘,從各個(gè)方面顯示出全新的姿態(tài)。縱觀袁宏道的尺牘作品,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些尺牘作品共有以下幾項(xiàng)內(nèi)容:訴為官之苦、談詩(shī)論文、參禪悟道、結(jié)友、游山玩水等,本文通過(guò)對(duì)袁宏道尺牘分期分級(jí)的解讀,展示吳中時(shí)期、北京時(shí)期、隱居時(shí)期這三個(gè)不同時(shí)期的尺牘所顯現(xiàn)的思想內(nèi)容的不同,從而探討袁宏道的思想變化。吳中時(shí)期的尺牘,主要抒寫(xiě)為令之苦,渴望一己之樂(lè),宣揚(yáng)與儒家濟(jì)世救民思想背道而馳的自適的處世態(tài)度:由儒入禪;北京時(shí)期的尺牘,顯示袁宏道開(kāi)始其思想的第一次重大轉(zhuǎn)變:由禪入凈;隱居公安時(shí)期的尺牘,記載了袁宏道思想發(fā)生的又一次重大轉(zhuǎn)變:由禪歸儒。袁宏道的思想是儒釋道的結(jié)晶,其忠孝觀點(diǎn)是儒家的,自適歸隱之心是屬于道家的,恬淡之心又是佛家的。因此袁宏道的思想不僅與陽(yáng)明心學(xué)、佛、道有關(guān),而且還和楊朱思想有關(guān)。本文通過(guò)袁宏道在不同時(shí)期尺牘中所顯現(xiàn)的思想內(nèi)容的不同,來(lái)探討袁宏道的思想受到了晚明哪些思潮的影響,以及所反映出的具有晚明文人普遍代表性的心路成長(zhǎng)歷程。在本文中,李贄和江盈科分別是兩個(gè)重要的論點(diǎn),李贄是袁宏道思想的啟蒙老師,袁宏道對(duì)于李贄的思想既有繼承性,也存在相當(dāng)部分的批判性。江盈科則是公安派的重要羽翼,也是公安派最忠實(shí)的理論實(shí)踐者,對(duì)公安派的詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作和理論發(fā)展有重大的推動(dòng)作用。袁宏道的尺牘是他真情的流露,跟那些復(fù)古、呆板的文章形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。袁宏道的尺牘內(nèi)容大都是日常生活的瑣碎事情以及思想主張,所以從中我們可以看出他的文學(xué)態(tài)度和人生價(jià)值觀。因此研究袁宏道的尺牘對(duì)于了解袁宏道的一生具有非常重要的價(jià)值和意義。從尺牘所勾畫(huà)的人生歷程,來(lái)看袁宏道的思想演變軌跡,袁宏道原本決意沖破倫理和教化的束縛,追求無(wú)遮攔的自由,最后還是跳不出傳統(tǒng)的怪圈,成為晚明自我覺(jué)醒、個(gè)性獨(dú)立的文人在群體意識(shí)至上的境遇中無(wú)所適從的典型代表。袁宏道把實(shí)用文體的尺牘改造成抒發(fā)性靈的文學(xué)體裁,使尺牘獲得了獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)魅力,就其尺牘攀升的美學(xué)境界而言,袁宏道不愧為尺牘文學(xué)史上可與蘇軾等名流相提并論的尺牘文學(xué)大師,其尺牘藝術(shù)風(fēng)格如行云流水,感情奔放,情文并茂,他善用排喻和俚俗常言,所創(chuàng)作的作品雅俗共賞。清代的文人更加注重文章的經(jīng)世致用,公安派文學(xué)主張追求文章“獨(dú)抒性靈,不拘俗套”的學(xué)術(shù)理論,完全不符合清代政治的需求,因此尺牘文學(xué)興盛了一段時(shí)間后,漸漸淡出了人們的視野,直至最后完全消失,主要原因有三點(diǎn):一是于當(dāng)時(shí)的政治教化無(wú)益,二是與清代文風(fēng)相悖,三是認(rèn)為尺牘內(nèi)容不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。近代的很多文人都對(duì)袁宏道以及公安派存在特殊的情感,對(duì)于清朝時(shí)期政治家對(duì)尺牘文學(xué)以及袁宏道和公安派的詆毀表示嚴(yán)重不滿(mǎn),他們?yōu)榱俗屖廊酥匦抡J(rèn)識(shí)袁宏道這位晚明文學(xué)家,合力編制出版了《袁中郎全集》,同時(shí)也希望可以給袁宏道翻案。當(dāng)時(shí)袁宏道以及作品能夠重新興盛的原因主要有以下兩點(diǎn):一是推崇袁宏道的“性靈”文學(xué),不只是想為袁宏道翻案,更是想借助這一有利武器來(lái)批判舊文學(xué);二是欣賞明代的小品文,其藝術(shù)方法對(duì)于近代散文的發(fā)展有積極借鑒和推動(dòng)作用。對(duì)袁宏道以及公安派的研究是一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程。綜觀20世紀(jì)以來(lái)的袁宏道研究,經(jīng)過(guò)梳理,主要集中在文學(xué)性、思想性和作品研究三個(gè)方面。單從尺牘文體來(lái)進(jìn)行研究的成果較少。我們清點(diǎn)一下袁宏道尺牘創(chuàng)作在其詩(shī)文集中所占的份量,就更驚訝:在袁宏道散文創(chuàng)作中占去半壁江山的尺牘研究,在袁宏道研究中所占比例之小。研究顯示,我國(guó)學(xué)者對(duì)袁宏道的研究大都集中于他的文學(xué)思想、文學(xué)革新、散文創(chuàng)作以及美學(xué)思想中,卻很少涉及到尺牘文學(xué)的研究。袁宏道的尺牘作品在他一生的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中占據(jù)著很大的比例,但是關(guān)于他的尺牘研究卻沒(méi)有與之成正比關(guān)系。探究袁宏道的生平經(jīng)歷,尺牘應(yīng)該是其中的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。所以,袁宏道尺牘文學(xué)可以作為一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵的課題進(jìn)行研究。本文主要對(duì)袁宏道的尺牘文學(xué)進(jìn)行了深入的探究分析,同時(shí)這也是本文的研究重點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Yuan Hongdao, the representative of the late Ming Dynasty literary innovation movement, was also the representative of the public security scholars. They advocated the literary concept of "spirit" and "unrestricted". The literary aesthetics advocated the "true love" and "direct expression". In the late Ming Dynasty, the literature of the letter of correspondence was prevailing in the world and the changes in the literature of the letter. In the course of innovation, Yuan Hongdao is a key figure. The letter is a letter. This is a personal secret that is not used for publication. Usually, the length is not long. The main feature is to communicate feelings and narration. The greatest feature is to see the character and thought of the writer. Therefore, the letter is a carrier of the literati's monologue. Yuan Hongdao uses the letter to express himself. Under the impact of the literary trend of the late Ming Dynasty, the practical style of the letter of letter, due to the intervention of the subjective feelings of the literati, also presents the trend of the evolution of the lyric and freehand direction in the light of the late Ming literature trend. In Li Zhi and other literati, it has changed and pursued the true interest and spirit. It has become an important category in the late Ming Dynasty. The new postures have shown a new posture from all aspects. In the light of Yuan Hongdao's paper, we can find that these pieces of correspondence have the following contents: the complaint is the bitter of the official, the poetry paper, the Zen and the understanding, the friends, the mountains and the mountains, and so on. This article through to Yuan Hongdao The reading of the steps and grades shows the differences in the ideological content displayed in the three different periods of the Wu middle period, Beijing period and the recluse period, thus exploring the change of Yuan Hongdao's thought. From the Confucianism into the Zen; the Beijing period of the Du Du, shows that Yuan Hongdao began his first major transformation of his thought: from the Zen into the net and the seclusion of the public security period, records of another major change in the occurrence of Yuan Hongdao thought: from the Zen to Confucianism. Yuan Hongdao's thought is the crystallization of Confucianism and Buddhism, its loyalty and filial piety is the Confucian, self adapted heart is the heart of adaptation is the heart of adaptation is the heart of self adaptation is the heart of self adaptation is the heart of self adaptation is the heart of self adapted to the hidden heart It belongs to the Taoist family, and the tranquil heart is Buddhism. Therefore, Yuan Hongdao's thought is not only related to Yang Ming's learning, Buddhism and Taoism, but also related to Yang Zhu's thought. This article explores the influence of Yuan Hongdao's Thoughts on what thoughts in the late Ming Dynasty through the differences in the ideological content of Yuan Hongdao in different periods of time and reflected in the reflections. In this article, Li Zhi and Jiang Ying are two important points, Li Zhi is the enlightenment teacher of Yuan Hongdao thought, Yuan Hongdao is both inheriting and critical of Li Zhi's thought. Jiang Ying is an important wing of the public security school and the most loyal of the public security school. The practical theory practitioner has a great impetus to the poetic creation and theory development of the public security school. Yuan Hongdao's bamboo and wooden documents are the revelation of his true feelings. It has formed a sharp contrast with those of the old and dull articles. The contents of Yuan Hongdao's letters are mostly trivial things of daily life and ideas, so we can see him from it. Therefore, the study of Yuan Hongdao's correspondence is of great value and significance to the understanding of Yuan Hongdao's life. From the course of life outlined by the Du Du, Yuan Hongdao is determined to break through the binding of ethics and enlightenment, and to pursue the freedom of Yuan Hongdao. At last, it still does not jump. The traditional strange circle has become a typical representative of the self-awakening of the late Ming Dynasty and the independence of the literati in the plight of group consciousness. Yuan Hongdao transformed the practical style of the slips into a literary genre to express the unique artistic charm of the slips. In terms of the aesthetic realm of the climbing of the bamboo slips, Yuan Hongdao is worthy of a ruler. In the history of Du Du literature, the literary master of the letters, which can be compared with Su Shi and other celebrities, has the artistic style, such as the flowing water, the unrestrained feelings and the affections. He is good at using the metonymy and vulgar language, and the works are refined and appreciated. The scholars of the Qing Dynasty pay more attention to the essays, and the public security literature advocates the pursuit of the article "to express the spirit alone, not to be restrained." The academic theory of the "common set" was completely incompatible with the political needs of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, after a period of time in the flourishing of the literature, the literature gradually fade out of people's horizons, until the last complete disappearance. The main reasons are three points: one is that the political enlightenment at that time is not beneficial, the two is contrary to the Qing Dynasty style, and the three is that the contents of the paper are not strict. A lot of modern times The literati had special feelings for Yuan Hongdao and the public security school. They expressed serious dissatisfaction with the statesmen of the Qing Dynasty, as well as the defamation of Yuan Hongdao and the public security school. In order to make the world re aware of Yuan Hongdao, a late Ming writer, they have compiled and published the complete works of Yuan Zhong Lang. At the same time, they hope to turn the case to Yuan Hongdao. At that time, there were two main reasons for Yuan Hongdao and his works to flourish. One was to praise Yuan Hongdao's "spirit" literature, not just to turn the case for Yuan Hongdao, but also to criticize the old literature with the aid of this weapon; two, to appreciate the literary essays of the Ming Dynasty, and the art formula for the development of modern prose. The study of Yuan Hongdao and the public security school is a gradual process. In a comprehensive survey of the study of Yuan Hongdao since twentieth Century, after combing, mainly concentrated in three aspects of literary, ideological and work research. The results of the study only from the style of the letter of letter are less. We clear the writing of Yuan Hongdao's letters and letters in his poetry and prose. The portion of the account is more surprising: the study of Yuan Hongdao's prose in his prose is small in the proportion of Yuan Hongdao's studies. The study shows that most of the studies of Yuan Hongdao in our country are concentrated on his literary ideas, literary innovations, essays and aesthetic ideas, but seldom involved in the study of the literature of the paper. The writings of the letter of the macro road occupy a large proportion in his literary creation all his life, but there is no direct relation between the study of his letters and the correspondence. To explore Yuan Hongdao's life experience, the paper should be a key part of it. Therefore, the literature of Yuan Hongdao can be used as a key subject to study. On Yuan Hongdao's Epistolary literature explores the in-depth analysis, and it is also a research focus of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I207.62

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