本文選題：晏子春秋 + 成書年代�。� 參考：《曲阜師范大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：《晏子春秋》是記述春秋后期齊國賢臣晏嬰言行事跡的一部專書。晏嬰不僅是當時與叔向、子產齊名的政治家,也是當時著名的大學者之一,為春秋時期人本主義思潮的代表人物。論文第一章主要根據(jù)現(xiàn)有材料梳理晏嬰家世及有關史籍記載中的晏嬰形象與思想,以做到“知人論世”。從現(xiàn)存材料來看,晏氏非齊國公族,晏氏世系在春秋時不可考,晏嬰先祖在春秋時見于記載的只有晏子和晏弱。晏弱因率軍滅掉萊國而為齊靈公所倚重。根據(jù)前賢對《叔夷鐘》的考釋,叔夷與晏弱為同一人,叔夷或為晏弱之字。叔夷是宋人而仕于齊者,故晏氏當為宋穆公的后代。童書業(yè)曾論及“墨學為宋學”,晏子尚儉思想有“宋學”的影響。根據(jù)對有關材料的梳理,“嬰”應是晏子之名,“平仲”則為其字；晏子當生于公元前580年之前,卒于公元前500年。記載晏子言行事跡最多的史籍,首推《左傳》,其次為《史記》,通過對兩書所記晏子言行事跡的爬梳,可知歷史記載中的晏子與《晏子春秋》中的晏子,在思想和形象上,并沒有太大的差異。雖然不排除《晏子春秋》里面有后人演義附會的篇章,卻不能改變其歷史著作的性質,可以與《左傳》《史記》等記載相配合,作為研究晏子思想、晏子形象的第一手資料。論文第二、三、四章主要討論《晏子春秋》的成書年代、思想觀念和形象塑造,上述三方面是《晏子春秋》研究中的重要內容。成書時間事關《晏子春秋》的真?zhèn)渭八枷胧贰⑽膶W史價值的定位,學術界一直聚訟紛紜,隨著簡牘材料的出土,為我們進一步討論其成書問題提供了可能。從關鍵概念入手,挖掘其內涵,梳理其來龍去脈,有助于我們加深對晏子思想價值的認識。《晏子春秋》的文學價值主要體現(xiàn)于人物形象的塑造,從士文化角度觀察,晏子形象對于我們探求古代士人文化心理特征具有近似于“源頭”的標本意義；景公形象在審美價值上與晏子形象相得益彰,提升了《晏子春秋》的文學品格。以上三個方面,構成了我們討論《晏子春秋》的主要內容。《晏子春秋》的成書年代,至今有春秋說、春秋末至戰(zhàn)國初期說、戰(zhàn)國說、秦代說、漢代說、六朝說等,后三種說法認為《晏子春秋》非先秦古籍,漢代說、六朝說更是將其看作偽書。經過學者們的艱苦努力,借助出土文獻資料,偽書說已被推翻,其為先秦古籍已成學界主流觀點。根據(jù)《晏子春秋》成書年代上、下限,以及《晏子春秋》書中所記的建筑制度、詞匯語義和思想觀念等特征,其成書在春秋末至戰(zhàn)國初期。聯(lián)系時代背景,《晏子春秋》當成書于春秋末期；編纂者有可能是齊國太史子馀,其材料來源于齊史或晏嬰家史。到戰(zhàn)國時期,以淳于髡為代表的稷下先生們對《晏子春秋》作過加工整理,從而帶有他們各自學派的一些痕跡,并搜集民間流傳的晏子故事以充實之。至劉向,始去其重復,定著八篇。作為政治家,晏子在長期的行政實踐中形成了完整的治國理念,概括言之就是御德修禮,用賢任能,分別與其德觀念、禮觀念、士觀念對應。就其德觀念而言,晏子基于人的“足欲”本性和現(xiàn)實中足欲而亡的教訓,針對齊景公的奢侈縱欲,提出以“讓”為德,引導景公推自樂之心與百姓同之,方是興國之正途。晏子的德觀念豐富了春秋以來德觀念的內涵,并為“德”由政治概念轉向倫理觀念開辟了路徑,在春秋時期德觀念的發(fā)展演變中,起到了承前啟后的作用；就其禮觀念而言,晏子把禮提高到與“天地并立”的高度以強化禮的合理性與規(guī)范性,突破了“禮不下庶人”的傳統(tǒng),強調禮為民紀,看重其在維護社會秩序方面的意義。晏子對禮的本質的辯證思考,重“禮”輕“儀”,行“不法之禮”,都是強調禮作為政治秩序原則的意義。晏子的禮觀念,既是對齊文化尤其是管仲禮制思想的繼承,又是在新的歷史條件下,對齊國禮學的豐富與發(fā)展；就其士觀念而言,晏子認為隱則非賢,要求士必須出仕,并把士的人生價值取向定位于“行道者”,而道之根本在以民為本,故士出仕當為“社稷之臣”,與孔子等一起,在新興士階層的初起階段,就已努力貫注了一種理想主義的精神。士人道德、學問追求的目標是君子,士應修德進身以達君子之境。由于晏子十分注意個體道德人格修養(yǎng),并在君臣關系上提出了著名的“和而不同”論,因而其士觀念具有鮮明的實踐性特色�！蛾套哟呵铩返奈膶W價值,主要體現(xiàn)在它塑造了晏子和景公這兩個典型人物上。晏子屬于士階層,其形象體現(xiàn)了士階層的文化人格,這種人格特征已積淀到后世士人精神與實踐的各個方面,奠定了士階層崛起后文化人格內涵的基本內容,對于我們探求古代士人文化心理特征具有近似于“源頭”的標本意義。而其文化人格的悲劇性內涵,為《晏子春秋》的文學品格,抹上了一層濃重的悲劇色彩。齊景公雖然處于晏子形象的襯托地位,但《晏子春秋》不僅多側面展現(xiàn)出景公形象的豐富性,同時也寫出了其性格的發(fā)展流變,在審美價值上與晏子形象相得益彰。以之與《左傳》中以復雜著稱的楚靈王形象和以性格的發(fā)展見長的晉文公形象相比也不遜色,為先秦文學人物畫廊增添了一個個性豐滿的國君形象。
[Abstract]:"Yan Zi spring and Autumn" is a special book which describes the deeds and deeds of Yan Ying in the late spring and Autumn period. Yan infant is not only a politician at that time and uncle, but also one of the famous universities at that time. It was the representative figure of the humanism in the spring and Autumn period. The first chapter of the paper was mainly based on the existing materials to comb the history of Yan Ying's family and the records of historical records. From the existing materials, Yan's non Qi State and Yan's lineage can not be tested during the spring and Autumn period. Yan Ying's ancestors found only Yan Zi and Yan weak in the spring and Autumn period. Weak is the same person, uncle Yi or Yan weak character. Uncle Yi is the song man and the official of the Qi, so Yan's is the descendant of Song Mu. The children's book industry once discussed "the study of Mohism as song", and Ko Nao thought has the influence of "Song school". According to the combing of the related materials, "baby" should be the name of Yan Zi, "Ping Zhong" is the word, Yan Zi was born in BC. 580 years ago, he died in 500 B.C., which recorded the most historical records of Yan Zi's deeds, the first push of "Zuo Zhuan >", followed by "Shi Ji". By combing the words and deeds of Yan Zi in the two books, we know that the Yan Zi and Yan Zi in the historical records were not very different in thought and image. In the second, third and four chapters of the paper, the second, third and four chapters mainly discuss the dating of Yan Zi's spring and Autumn period, thought ideas and images, and the above three aspects are "Yan Zi Chun Qiu > research". The important content of the study is that the time of writing is related to the authenticity and the history of the spring and Autumn period of Yan Zi, the historical value of the literary history and the position of the literary history. With the unearthed of the bamboo slips, it is possible for us to further discuss the problem of its book formation. The literary value of "Yan Zi's spring and Autumn" is mainly reflected in the characterization of the characters. From the view of the scholar culture, Yan Zi's image has a similar significance to the "source" of the cultural and psychological characteristics of ancient scholars. The three aspects of the literary character of autumn > constitute the main content of the discussion of "Yan Zi Chun Qiu >" the main content of the spring and Autumn period of Yan Zi. In the spring and Autumn period, the spring and Autumn Period said, the spring and Autumn Period said, the Warring States said, the Qin Dynasty said, the Han Dynasty said, the Six Dynasties said, and the latter three thought that "Yan Zi spring and autumn > non pre Qin ancient books", the Han Dynasty said that six dynasties said that the Six Dynasties more regarded them as more considered them. After the hard efforts of the scholars, with the help of the unearthed documents, the false book has been overthrown, and it has become the mainstream view of the academic circles in the pre Qin Dynasty. According to the characteristics of the architectural system, the lexical meaning and the thought concept recorded in the book years, the lower limit and the book of the Yanzi spring and autumn book, the book is linked to the beginning of the spring and Autumn period to the early Warring States. In the background of the times, "Yan Zi spring and Autumn" was regarded as a book in the late spring and Autumn period; the compilers may be the remnant of the Tai Shi in Qi, and the material originates from Qi Shi or Yan Ying's family history. As a statesman, Yan Zi, as a politician, formed a complete idea of governing the country in a long period of administrative practice. In summary, Yan Zi, in summary, was the corresponding virtue, the concept of virtue, the concept of rites, and the concept of scholar. Yan Zi, in terms of his moral concept, was based on the nature and present of human "". In view of the luxurious and indulgence of the Duke of Qi, the author puts forward the idea that "let" is the virtue of "letting" is the moral of the people. In the development and evolution, it has played a role in the past and the following. In terms of the concept of propriety, Yan Zi raised the rites to the same height as the "heaven and earth" to strengthen the rationality and normalization of the rites, break through the tradition of "rites not lower the common people", emphasize the significance of the rites as the people's discipline, and emphasize the significance in maintaining the rank order of the society. It is the significance of emphasizing rites as the principle of political order. Yan Zi's concept of rites is the inheritance of align culture, especially Guan Zhong ritual thought, and the richness and development of the learning of Qi State under the new historical conditions. It is necessary to make an official career, and to orientate the value orientation of the man's life to the "Taoist", and the root of the Tao is based on the people. As a "Minister of the state", the scholar is a "Minister of the state", with Confucius and so on. In the beginning stage of the rising scholar class, he has made an effort to concentrate on an idealistic spirit. The moral of the scholar, the goal of the pursuit of learning is the gentleman, and the scholar should cultivate morality into it. Because Yan Zi pays great attention to individual moral and personality cultivation, and puts forward the famous "harmony but different" theory on the relationship between monarch and Chen, so the concept of "Yan Zi" has its distinctive practical characteristics. The literary value of Yan Zi Chun Qiu is mainly embodied in the two typical characters of Yan Zi and Jing Gong. Yan Zi belongs to the scholar class. The image embodies the cultural personality of the scholar class, which has accumulated in all aspects of the spirit and practice of the later scholars, and lays the basic content of the cultural personality after the rise of the scholar stratum, which is similar to the "source" of the cultural and psychological characteristics of the ancient scholars. The connotation of the literary character of "Yan Zi spring and Autumn" has put on a heavy tragic color. Although the Qi Jing Gong is in the position of Yan Zi's image, "Yan Zi spring and Autumn" not only shows the richness of the image of Jing Gong, but also writes the development and evolution of his character, and in the aesthetic value, it complements with the image of Yan Zi. The image of the Chu Ling king, known as a complex, is not inferior to the image of the Jin Wen Gong, which has a long development of character, and adds a rich monarch to the literary figure Gallery of the pre Qin period.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：I206.2
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本文編號：2004535