論虛擬角色的著作權(quán)法保護(hù)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-12 14:23
【摘要】：虛擬角色，通常是指影視、動(dòng)漫、文學(xué)作品中出現(xiàn)的藝術(shù)形象，近年來隨著文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展而備受關(guān)注。未經(jīng)原創(chuàng)者許可，擅自將角色運(yùn)用到文學(xué)領(lǐng)域再創(chuàng)作，或者利用虛擬角色蘊(yùn)含的吸引力達(dá)到促進(jìn)商品和服務(wù)銷售的目的，都嚴(yán)重侵犯了角色創(chuàng)作者的利益。司法實(shí)踐的需要凸顯了著作權(quán)法在保護(hù)虛擬角色方面的必要性。虛擬角色侵權(quán)糾紛日益增多，角色創(chuàng)作者、角色利用者和社會(huì)公眾利益嚴(yán)重失衡，需要著作權(quán)法提供全面保護(hù)。角色創(chuàng)作行為也需要著作權(quán)法的鼓勵(lì)和支持。但由于現(xiàn)行法律的空白和理論上缺乏足夠的支持，法官在處理此類問題時(shí)往往束手無策。 虛擬角色由不同構(gòu)成要素組成，根據(jù)類型不同又可以分為文學(xué)角色、卡通角色和視聽角色。著作權(quán)法對(duì)虛擬角色保護(hù)也可以從這兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行。由于角色自身特點(diǎn)各異，侵權(quán)行為千差萬別，加上獨(dú)創(chuàng)性程度不同，使著作權(quán)法在保護(hù)虛擬角色方面存在一定的不足和局限。虛擬角色名稱在適用著作權(quán)法保護(hù)時(shí)能否被納入客體范圍、角色圖像侵權(quán)糾紛賠償如何計(jì)算、文學(xué)角色判定侵權(quán)缺乏統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、卡通角色利用行為應(yīng)歸入何種權(quán)利范疇等等成為著作權(quán)法保護(hù)虛擬角色的缺陷，有待完善。 針對(duì)著作權(quán)法保護(hù)虛擬角色的局限，本文從以下兩方面提出相應(yīng)對(duì)策建議。一方面，對(duì)于著作權(quán)法在虛擬角色構(gòu)成要素保護(hù)上的局限，首先可以通過廣義理解作品的內(nèi)涵解決保護(hù)客體的問題。同時(shí)，明確厘定侵權(quán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，科學(xué)處理損害賠償?shù)挠?jì)算，規(guī)定合理的權(quán)利期限，為角色創(chuàng)作者提供更有效的保護(hù)。另一方面，對(duì)于著作權(quán)法在不同類型虛擬角色保護(hù)上的局限，，可以確立一整套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)對(duì)文學(xué)角色侵權(quán)，遵循清晰描繪和可預(yù)見兩個(gè)基本原則來判斷卡通角色完整性，把卡通角色利用行為定性為對(duì)復(fù)制權(quán)的侵犯，對(duì)視聽角色則建立明確的保護(hù)規(guī)則。 本文采用比較分析、規(guī)范分析和案例分析等方法，進(jìn)一步明晰著作權(quán)法保護(hù)虛擬角色的一般理論，彌補(bǔ)著作權(quán)法法條規(guī)定的不足，充分發(fā)揮著作權(quán)法保護(hù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)作用。有利于虛擬角色創(chuàng)作者的合法權(quán)益獲得全面保護(hù)，有利于規(guī)范文藝領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)作行為和市場(chǎng)交易秩序，實(shí)現(xiàn)角色價(jià)值最大化，也可以使法官在審理案件時(shí)能夠準(zhǔn)確找到法律依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Virtual characters, usually referring to the artistic images in film, animation and literature, have attracted much attention in recent years with the vigorous development of the cultural industry. It is a serious violation of the interests of the character creators to apply the characters to the literary field to re-create or to use the attraction of the virtual characters to promote the sale of goods and services without the permission of the originator. The need for judicial practice highlights the necessity of copyright law in protecting virtual roles. The disputes of virtual role infringement are increasing day by day, and the interests of the role creator, the role user and the public are out of balance, which requires the copyright law to provide comprehensive protection. The role creation behavior also needs the copyright law encouragement and the support. However, due to the gaps in existing laws and lack of sufficient theoretical support, judges are often unable to deal with such problems. Virtual characters are composed of different elements, which can be divided into literary characters, cartoon characters and audiovisual characters according to different types. Copyright law can also protect virtual roles from these two angles. Due to the different characters of the roles, the various tort acts, and the different originality, the copyright law has some shortcomings and limitations in the protection of virtual roles. Whether the virtual character name can be brought into the scope of the object when applying copyright law protection, how to calculate the compensation of the role image infringement dispute, and the lack of unified standard for the literary role infringement judgment. What kind of rights should be included in the use of cartoon characters is the defect of copyright law to protect virtual characters. In view of the limitation of copyright law to protect virtual role, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the following two aspects. On the one hand, for the limitation of copyright law in the protection of fictitious role elements, we can solve the problem of protecting the object by understanding the connotation of works in a broad sense. At the same time, we should clearly define the tort standard, scientifically deal with the calculation of damages, and provide more effective protection for the role creators. On the other hand, with regard to the limitation of copyright law on the protection of different types of fictitious characters, we can establish a set of standards to deal with the infringement of literary characters, and follow the two basic principles of clear description and predictability to judge the integrity of cartoon characters. The use of cartoon characters is defined as an infringement of reproduction rights, and a clear protection rule is established for audiovisual characters. By means of comparative analysis, normative analysis and case analysis, this paper further clarifies the general theory of the protection of virtual roles in copyright law, makes up for the shortcomings of the provisions of copyright law, and gives full play to the advantages of copyright law protection. It is beneficial to the full protection of the legal rights and interests of the fictitious character creators, to the standardization of the creative behavior and the order of market transactions in the field of literature and art, to the maximization of the role value, and to the accurate finding of legal basis for the judges in the trial of cases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923.41
本文編號(hào)：2420513
[Abstract]:Virtual characters, usually referring to the artistic images in film, animation and literature, have attracted much attention in recent years with the vigorous development of the cultural industry. It is a serious violation of the interests of the character creators to apply the characters to the literary field to re-create or to use the attraction of the virtual characters to promote the sale of goods and services without the permission of the originator. The need for judicial practice highlights the necessity of copyright law in protecting virtual roles. The disputes of virtual role infringement are increasing day by day, and the interests of the role creator, the role user and the public are out of balance, which requires the copyright law to provide comprehensive protection. The role creation behavior also needs the copyright law encouragement and the support. However, due to the gaps in existing laws and lack of sufficient theoretical support, judges are often unable to deal with such problems. Virtual characters are composed of different elements, which can be divided into literary characters, cartoon characters and audiovisual characters according to different types. Copyright law can also protect virtual roles from these two angles. Due to the different characters of the roles, the various tort acts, and the different originality, the copyright law has some shortcomings and limitations in the protection of virtual roles. Whether the virtual character name can be brought into the scope of the object when applying copyright law protection, how to calculate the compensation of the role image infringement dispute, and the lack of unified standard for the literary role infringement judgment. What kind of rights should be included in the use of cartoon characters is the defect of copyright law to protect virtual characters. In view of the limitation of copyright law to protect virtual role, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the following two aspects. On the one hand, for the limitation of copyright law in the protection of fictitious role elements, we can solve the problem of protecting the object by understanding the connotation of works in a broad sense. At the same time, we should clearly define the tort standard, scientifically deal with the calculation of damages, and provide more effective protection for the role creators. On the other hand, with regard to the limitation of copyright law on the protection of different types of fictitious characters, we can establish a set of standards to deal with the infringement of literary characters, and follow the two basic principles of clear description and predictability to judge the integrity of cartoon characters. The use of cartoon characters is defined as an infringement of reproduction rights, and a clear protection rule is established for audiovisual characters. By means of comparative analysis, normative analysis and case analysis, this paper further clarifies the general theory of the protection of virtual roles in copyright law, makes up for the shortcomings of the provisions of copyright law, and gives full play to the advantages of copyright law protection. It is beneficial to the full protection of the legal rights and interests of the fictitious character creators, to the standardization of the creative behavior and the order of market transactions in the field of literature and art, to the maximization of the role value, and to the accurate finding of legal basis for the judges in the trial of cases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923.41
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