個人代言虛假廣告賠償責任研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-11-03 13:07
【摘要】:隨著市場經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,廣告業(yè)對國民經(jīng)濟的推動作用日益凸顯,但同時,大量不良廣告的出現(xiàn)也在日益敗壞著社會風氣,影響人們正常的生活秩序。對消費者來說,廣告內容是否準確真實,和消費者的利益息息相關,因為消費者對商品的需求往往完全是依賴經(jīng)營者所發(fā)布的廣告信息。而且隨著科學技術的日新月異,消費者對產品的生產過程和技術、性能、質量等問題越來越難以了解,幾乎所有的咨訊和消息均掌握在經(jīng)營者手中,這就使得消費者相對處于極為不利的地位。對經(jīng)營者來說,市場經(jīng)濟活動以誠實守信公平競爭為原則,但是虛假廣告的屢屢得逞,非法經(jīng)營者的頻頻得利,使得原本誠實的經(jīng)營者也開始“蠢蠢欲動”,為了提高競爭力,擴大市場份額,漸漸地隨波逐流。虛假性廣告也由此日益泛濫。然而,由于我國經(jīng)濟社會的飛速發(fā)展,立法的滯后,使得這種現(xiàn)象無法得到規(guī)制。新《食品安全法》盡管在一片歡呼聲中順利出臺,但是它帶來了新的問題。執(zhí)法標準模糊,責任主體籠統(tǒng),“趕盡殺絕”的思想讓特殊的代言人主體惶惶不可終日…… 《食品安全法》最具爆炸性的就是第55條關于責任主體以及連帶責任的規(guī)定,第一次將個人納入了承擔賠償責任的主體中,而且規(guī)定的是連帶責任。但是我們在欣喜這種變化的同時,不得不感到一點憂思,這么規(guī)定真的是最合適的嗎?普通人代言虛假廣告是否也該承擔責任?凡是個人代言虛假廣告所應該承擔的責任都是一樣的嗎?名人代言虛假廣告和普通人代言虛假廣告所應該承擔的損失范圍也是一樣的嗎?如果真是如此,未免有失公平。普通代言人在代言收益、代言所產生的影響、代言所產生的社會效果與名人代言人是不同的,甚至有著很大的區(qū)別,從公平的角度出發(fā),我們無法要求不同情況的人承擔相同的后果。另一方面,根據(jù)侵權責任的規(guī)則原則,當真要求所有代言人不分情況的一律承擔連帶責任,是有悖立法者的本意的。立法者的本意在于規(guī)范個人代言市場,維護消費者的合法權益,而不是對所有代言人都趕盡殺絕,也不是迫使所有廠家不得已使用動漫作為廣告,因為如果果真對所有人不分情況的都采用連帶責任,恐怕沒有人敢為商品做廣告了。 話雖如此,我們該如何區(qū)分普通人和名人呢?名人承擔加重責任的法理基礎又是什么呢?在筆者看來,名人承擔加重責任的法理基礎是保護合理信賴原則,就是因為對名人的合理信賴,才使得一部分消費者上當受騙。消費者購買名人代言的產品,目的是很明確的,就是希望達到和名人一樣的使用效果,沒有人為了達到和名人相反的效果而去購買某種商品。因此,對基于合理信賴所為的行為其配套的保護措施就是對期待利益的損害賠償。不同的人期待利益自然不同,對名人的期待利益要遠遠大于對普通人的期待利益。對這種期待所受的損害也要得到應有的賠償。 另外,在各種廣告泛濫的今天,并沒有一條金科玉律明確規(guī)定何者為虛假廣告,何者為真實廣告,我們應該如何判斷哪些是虛假廣告呢?筆者擬從相關國家和地區(qū)對虛假廣告的判斷標準總結出我國對于虛假廣告的認定應該有哪些標準。 本文研究借鑒香港、澳門、臺灣、美國、澳大利亞、智利、英國、加拿大、日本等國家和地區(qū)對虛假廣告的規(guī)制,結合中國廣告代言的現(xiàn)狀,試圖從多層次多角度,系統(tǒng)分析虛假廣告定義、表現(xiàn)形式、判斷標準、個人代言的責任,以《食品安全法》第55條為最終落腳點,力求為個人代言虛假廣告的賠償責任這個問題給出一種全新的思路。
[Abstract]:With the development of market economy, advertising plays an increasingly important role in the national economy, but at the same time, the emergence of a large number of bad advertisements is increasingly damaging the social atmosphere, affecting people's normal order of living. For consumers, whether advertising content is accurate and true is closely linked to the interests of consumers, since consumer demand for goods tends to depend entirely on advertising information published by operators. Moreover, with the rapid development of science and technology, consumers are becoming more and more familiar with the production process and technology, performance and quality of products. Almost all the news and news are in the hands of the operators, which makes consumers relatively disadvantaged. For the business operator, the market economy activity is the principle of honesty and trustworthiness fair competition, but the success of the false advertisement, the illegal operator's frequent benefit, make the original honest operator also begin to 鈥淭o act foolishly.鈥,
本文編號:2307873
[Abstract]:With the development of market economy, advertising plays an increasingly important role in the national economy, but at the same time, the emergence of a large number of bad advertisements is increasingly damaging the social atmosphere, affecting people's normal order of living. For consumers, whether advertising content is accurate and true is closely linked to the interests of consumers, since consumer demand for goods tends to depend entirely on advertising information published by operators. Moreover, with the rapid development of science and technology, consumers are becoming more and more familiar with the production process and technology, performance and quality of products. Almost all the news and news are in the hands of the operators, which makes consumers relatively disadvantaged. For the business operator, the market economy activity is the principle of honesty and trustworthiness fair competition, but the success of the false advertisement, the illegal operator's frequent benefit, make the original honest operator also begin to 鈥淭o act foolishly.鈥,
本文編號:2307873
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