本文關(guān)鍵詞： 日本動(dòng)漫 御宅族 生活方式 人類學(xué)　出處：《中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：文化人類學(xué)把人們的生活方式作為文化研究的主要內(nèi)容，文化分析就是闡明一種特殊的生活方式以及這種生活方式隱含或外顯的意義和價(jià)值。在本文中，御宅族的生活方式指的是御宅族的衣食住行、休閑娛樂(lè)方式、消費(fèi)方式、人際互動(dòng)方式，以及反映在生活方式中的態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀或世界觀等。 動(dòng)漫御宅族是伴隨動(dòng)漫文化以及現(xiàn)代資訊手段的快速發(fā)展而出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)獨(dú)特的社會(huì)群體。御宅族與眾不同的生活方式創(chuàng)造了各種獨(dú)特的文本、符號(hào)、象征及意義，并催生了動(dòng)漫亞文化的產(chǎn)生，動(dòng)漫亞文化是一種生活方式文化。日本作為世界第一大動(dòng)漫強(qiáng)國(guó)，其動(dòng)漫文化的影響遠(yuǎn)及世界各國(guó)。與此相應(yīng)，日本御宅族的生活方式、行為方式和審美觀也是包括中國(guó)在內(nèi)的其他國(guó)家御宅族效仿的模版。中國(guó)作為日本的鄰國(guó)，20世紀(jì)八、九十年代日本動(dòng)漫傳入中國(guó)后，日本動(dòng)漫文化以及日本御宅族的生活方式、思維及行為方式對(duì)中國(guó)年輕一代產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。 本文以日本御宅族這一亞文化群體為研究對(duì)象，采用人類學(xué)田野調(diào)查和文獻(xiàn)研究相結(jié)合的方法，綜合運(yùn)用人類學(xué)、文化社會(huì)學(xué)及媒體人類學(xué)的相關(guān)理論，對(duì)御宅族的生活方式、思維及行為方式進(jìn)行深度描述，在此基礎(chǔ)上，從文化整體論的視角出發(fā)，探析御宅族的生活方式和行為模式背后的意義和價(jià)值系統(tǒng)。以期增進(jìn)對(duì)御宅族這一亞文化群體的了解，以及對(duì)這一文化現(xiàn)象所承載的知識(shí)形式和文化特征的理解。 本文的理論意義表現(xiàn)在：從研究視角而言，通過(guò)對(duì)動(dòng)漫文化及御宅族相關(guān)研究的文獻(xiàn)回顧發(fā)現(xiàn)，，在這一研究領(lǐng)域中，鮮見(jiàn)人類學(xué)、民族學(xué)的研究成果。國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者多是從傳播學(xué)、心理學(xué)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)等方面探討相關(guān)話題，尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)從人類學(xué)視角對(duì)日本御宅族生活方式的深入、系統(tǒng)研究。因而，本文的研究，可以拓展人類學(xué)的研究領(lǐng)域和研究?jī)?nèi)容。從研究方法而言，除了直接接觸調(diào)查對(duì)象搜集第一手資料之外，由于御宅族的主要活動(dòng)場(chǎng)域是虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，因而，需要將網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為另一種田野，參與到與御宅族的互動(dòng)和交流之中，突破人類學(xué)田野調(diào)查的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察和面對(duì)面訪談的局限，創(chuàng)新了人類學(xué)的研究方法。 本文的實(shí)踐意義表現(xiàn)在：通過(guò)對(duì)當(dāng)代日本御宅族生活方式的深入研究，能夠?qū)τ逖芯科鸬秸厩逶吹淖饔茫瑸橹袊?guó)的動(dòng)漫文化研究和御宅族研究提供一定的借鑒。對(duì)御宅族這一亞文化群體的關(guān)照，也助于對(duì)文化多樣性的理解。 本文的主體內(nèi)容由緒論、正文五章和結(jié)語(yǔ)三部分組成。 緒論部分介紹本文的選題目的與選題意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、研究?jī)?nèi)容與研究方法、創(chuàng)新之處，并對(duì)相關(guān)概念和術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行界定和解釋。 第一章梳理和介紹作為本文分析背景的日本動(dòng)漫的產(chǎn)生及發(fā)展歷程，并對(duì)日本動(dòng)漫的基本特征、日本動(dòng)漫的傳播形式和傳播渠道進(jìn)行概括和分析。 第二章對(duì)動(dòng)漫御宅族的概念進(jìn)行辨析、界定。厘清御宅族與普通動(dòng)漫愛(ài)好者的異同，分析御宅族產(chǎn)生的主、客觀因素。 第三章首先，分析御宅族群體內(nèi)外對(duì)其形象的認(rèn)識(shí)和評(píng)價(jià)；其次，在實(shí)地調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)御宅族的語(yǔ)言使用、審美取向、戀愛(ài)、衣著裝扮等進(jìn)行深入闡述；再次，以網(wǎng)絡(luò)田野和實(shí)地田野工作相結(jié)合的方法，對(duì)御宅族在虛擬空間和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中人——機(jī)——人、人——人等特殊的交流互動(dòng)方式進(jìn)行分析研究；最后，通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)查，重點(diǎn)考察東京秋葉原、池袋乙女路和鷲宮町等三個(gè)主要的御宅族圣地，揭示御宅族對(duì)圣地的依存和圣地因御宅族而繁盛的過(guò)程與原因。 第四章在對(duì)角色扮演概念進(jìn)行界定，對(duì)角色扮演的緣起和發(fā)展、角色扮演的具體過(guò)程進(jìn)行梳理和描述的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)秋葉原女仆餐廳和乙女路執(zhí)事餐廳這兩個(gè)因角色扮演行為而包含大量動(dòng)漫元素的場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行深入的田野調(diào)查，探究御宅族在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中追求二次元文化，渴望融入動(dòng)漫世界的原因和過(guò)程。 第五章從文化人類學(xué)和文化社會(huì)學(xué)等相關(guān)學(xué)科的視角，對(duì)御宅族的身份特征、御宅族生活方式的意義系統(tǒng)及其追求意義的途徑等進(jìn)行嘗試性分析和闡述。 結(jié)語(yǔ)部分對(duì)正文的主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行邏輯層面的概括、提煉，深入闡述筆者的研究主旨及研究結(jié)論，并提出了有待進(jìn)一步研究的問(wèn)題。 本文的主要觀點(diǎn)是： 首先，御宅族生活方式的最大特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為生活融入動(dòng)漫，動(dòng)漫融入生活。與動(dòng)漫相融合的生活方式是動(dòng)漫亞文化的表征。動(dòng)漫文化內(nèi)化于御宅族的價(jià)值追求和審美取向，外顯于御宅族的生活方式與行為方式。 其次，動(dòng)漫御宅族生活方式的意義，表層是對(duì)風(fēng)格、個(gè)性的塑造和張揚(yáng)，快感的獲得；深層的意義在于自我身份的建構(gòu)與表達(dá)，在于自我認(rèn)同和群體認(rèn)同的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 第三，日本御宅族群體經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年的發(fā)展，御宅族文化已經(jīng)成為具有重要影響力的社會(huì)亞文化，并不斷向社會(huì)主流文化滲透。在以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為主導(dǎo)的新媒介時(shí)代，御宅族與由大眾傳媒主導(dǎo)的文化消費(fèi)模式之間是一種互動(dòng)的、相互博弈的過(guò)程，在此過(guò)程中，各取所需，相互依存。 第四，御宅族是商業(yè)社會(huì)和知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物，動(dòng)漫亞文化是當(dāng)代社會(huì)多元文化的重要組成部分，御宅族的存在是社會(huì)活力的表現(xiàn)形態(tài)之一，但同時(shí)，御宅族對(duì)動(dòng)漫的迷戀表現(xiàn)出一定的過(guò)度性，御宅族群體內(nèi)部的自我認(rèn)知和群體外部的觀感存在一定的差異性。
[Abstract]:Cultural anthropology put people's way of life as the main content of cultural studies, cultural analysis is to clarify the meaning and value of a special way of life and the way of life is implicit or explicit. In this paper, otaku lifestyle refers to otaku 11nov07, leisure entertainment, consumption, way interpersonal interaction, and reflected in the way of life attitude, values and world view.
Anime otaku is a unique social group which appeared with the rapid development of animation culture and modern information techniques. The out of the ordinary otaku lifestyle to create a variety of unique text, symbol, symbol and meaning, and spawned anime subculture, animation sub culture is a way of life in Japan. As the world's largest animation power, influence the animation culture far and countries around the world. Accordingly, the Japanese otaku lifestyle, behavior style and aesthetic Chinese also includes other countries, otaku follow the template. Chinese as Japan's neighbours, twentieth Century eight, 90s to China Japanese animation, Japanese animation Japanese otaku culture and way of life, thinking and behavior had a profound impact on the young generation China.
In this paper, the Japanese otaku subculture group as the research object, using the methods of anthropological fieldwork and literature study, the integrated use of cultural anthropology, sociology and Anthropology of media related theories of otaku lifestyle, thinking and behavior in depth description, on this basis, starting from the overall culture on the view, behind the life style and behavior mode of otaku, the meaning and value of the system. In order to promote the otaku subculture community understanding, understanding and knowledge of the form of this cultural phenomenon and cultural characteristics.
The theoretical significance of this paper shows: from the perspective of research, through the relevant research of animation culture and otaku literature review found that, in this field, few research achievements of anthropology, ethnology. Domestic scholars from the dissemination of science, psychology and cultural industries to explore related topics, research from the system has not been found from the perspective of anthropology deeply, on the life style of Japanese otaku. Therefore, this research can expand the research field and content of anthropology. From the research methods, in addition to direct contact with the survey to collect first-hand information, the main activities of otaku field is a virtual network space, therefore, need to use the Internet as the other a field, and to participate in the otaku interaction and communication, field observation and field investigation of anthropology through face-to-face interview limitations, innovative Anthropology Research methods.
In this paper, the practical significance of performance: through in-depth study of contemporary Japanese otaku lifestyle, to a radical effect on otaku research, provide a reference for the research and study of otaku anime culture Chinese. On this otaku subculture community care, also contribute to the cultural diversity understand.
The main content of this article is composed of the introduction, the five chapter of the text and the three part of the conclusion.
The introduction part introduces the purpose and significance of the topic selection, the research status quo at home and abroad, the research contents and research methods, and the innovation, and defines and explains the related concepts and terms.
The first chapter combs and introduces the emergence and development process of Japanese animation as the background of this paper, and summarizes and analyzes the basic characteristics of Japanese animation, the form and channel of Japanese animation.
The second chapter on the concept of anime otaku are defined. To clarify the similarities and differences of discrimination, and ordinary otaku anime fans, the main analysis of otaku, objective factors.
The third chapter, analysis of otaku groups inside and outside the understanding and evaluation of its image; secondly, on the basis of field investigation, the otaku language, aesthetic orientation, love, dress etc. in detail; again, with a combined method of network field and field work, the otaku in virtual space and real life human machine, analysis and study of person - special communication way; finally, through on-the-spot investigation, focusing on Tokyo road and Akihabara, Ikebukuro Otome washimiya three main otaku otaku shrine of the holy land, reveals the interdependence and the holy land for otaku and the prosperous process and reasons.
The fourth chapter defines the concept of role playing, the origin and development of the role based, describe and analyze the role of the specific process, in-depth field investigation of Akihabara maid restaurant and the restaurant of the two deacons Otome road for role playing behavior and contains a large number of animation elements, explore otaku pursuit two dimensional culture in real life, looking into the causes and process of animation in the world.
The fifth chapter from the related discipline of cultural anthropology and sociology perspective, the identity of otaku otaku lifestyle, meaning system and sense of the pursuit of ways to analysis and elaboration.
In the epilogue, the main contents of the text are summarized logically, refining the author's research purpose and conclusions, and putting forward some problems to be further studied.
The main points of this article are as follows:
First of all, the biggest characteristic of otaku lifestyle for life into the animation, animation and animation integration into the life. The way of life is the characterization of anime subculture. The value pursuit of animation culture into otaku and aesthetic orientation, explicit to otaku life style and behavior.
Secondly, anime otaku lifestyle, the surface is on style, personality shaping and publicity, pleasure; deep meaning lies in the construction and expression of self identity lies in the realization of self identification and group identification.
Third, Japanese otaku group after decades of development, otaku culture has become a social sub culture has an important influence, and continue to penetrate the social mainstream culture. On the Internet as the leading new media era, otaku and dominated by mass media and consumer culture is a kind of interactive mode between the process. The game, in this process, interdependence. Each one takes what he needs.
Fourth, otaku is a product of the commercial society and the knowledge economy era, anime subculture is an important part of contemporary multicultural society, otaku is one of the forms of social vitality, but at the same time, the anime otaku obsessed with showing over some of the otaku group internal self cognition and group the external perception of the existence of certain differences.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：C912.4;C912.6

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