本文選題：美國電影 + 評價系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《上海交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：美國電影已有百年歷史，而電影評論幾乎在電影誕生后不久即引起了文人和學(xué)者的關(guān)注。1915年，維切爾·林賽就《一個國家的誕生》發(fā)表了一系列電影評論類的文章以來，電影評論就伴隨著電影而蓬勃發(fā)展。至今，美國的電影評價已經(jīng)形成了一個結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、分工明確的系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)克里斯蒂安·麥茨的“電影機構(gòu)”理論，電影是一種“想象的技術(shù)”，而這種技術(shù)又是在一種具有“對象性關(guān)系”的社會運作系統(tǒng)中被運用的。他把這個運作系統(tǒng)稱為“電影機構(gòu)”。電影機構(gòu)由三個部分組成：生產(chǎn)機器、消費機器和促銷機器。本文旨在對美國電影評價系統(tǒng)做一次細(xì)致全面的梳理，從“電影機構(gòu)”的角度考察這些電影評價方式分別對于美國電影產(chǎn)業(yè)可能產(chǎn)生的作用。為此，作者依照媒介屬性將美國的電影評價方式劃分為學(xué)術(shù)影評、通俗影評、網(wǎng)絡(luò)影評以及電影評獎。通過深入分析每一種電影評價方式的發(fā)展背景和發(fā)展歷史，優(yōu)勢劣勢以及發(fā)展方向，來探究它們與電影工業(yè)可能產(chǎn)生的互動關(guān)系。其中，學(xué)術(shù)影評以其權(quán)威性和專業(yè)性對于挖掘電影的藝術(shù)性、指導(dǎo)電影創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生重要的影響；通俗影評存在范圍廣泛，能夠深入到民眾的日常生活，因而，它對于電影產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響主要體現(xiàn)在消費層面；而隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代的發(fā)展，新媒體大有包容一切的勢頭，網(wǎng)絡(luò)影評以其互動性和民主性引領(lǐng)著電影評論超著新的方向發(fā)展，但是網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代的電影評論也面臨著新的考驗。對美國電影評價系統(tǒng)的研究對中國的電影產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展具有重要的借鑒意義。在中國電影產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展的今天，電影評論的相對滯后已經(jīng)成為明顯的短板。本文在分析了美國的電影評價系統(tǒng)后，，對中國電影評論的發(fā)展給出了相應(yīng)的建議。一方面中國的電影評論系統(tǒng)需要進(jìn)一步的完善；另一方面，以完善的制度培養(yǎng)獨立、正直的影評人。
[Abstract]:American films have a history of one hundred years, and movie reviews have attracted the attention of scholars and scholars almost immediately after the birth of the film. Since 1915, when Vichael Lindsay published a series of articles about the birth of a country, Movie reviews have flourished along with movies. So far, American film evaluation has formed a clear structure and a clear division of labor system. According to Christian Metz's "Film Organization" theory, film is a kind of "imaginative technology", which is used in a social operation system with "object relationship". He called the operating system a "film organization". The film organization consists of three parts: production machine, consumer machine and promotion machine. The purpose of this paper is to make a detailed and comprehensive review of the American film evaluation system, and to examine the possible effects of these methods on the American film industry from the perspective of "film organization". Therefore, according to the media attributes, the author divides the American film evaluation methods into academic film reviews, popular film reviews, network film reviews and film awards. Through in-depth analysis of the development background, development history, advantages and disadvantages, and development direction of each mode of film evaluation, this paper explores their possible interaction with the film industry. Among them, academic film critics, with their authoritativeness and professionalism, have an important impact on excavating the artistry of films and guiding film creation. Popular film reviews exist in a wide range of areas and can penetrate into the daily life of the public. Its influence on the film industry is mainly reflected in the consumption level. With the development of the network era, the new media has a great tendency to contain everything. With its interactive and democratic nature, the online film review leads the film review to develop in a new direction. But the movie review of the network times also faces the new test. The research on American film evaluation system is of great significance to the development of Chinese film industry. With the booming development of China's film industry, the relative lag of film reviews has become an obvious short board. After analyzing the American film evaluation system, this paper gives some suggestions on the development of Chinese film review. On the one hand, China's film review system needs further improvement; on the other hand, it trains independent and honest film critics with perfect system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：J905;J997.12;J943

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