本文關(guān)鍵詞： 黑手黨電影 黑幫電影 黑手黨　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“黑手黨”作為誕生于意大利、發(fā)跡于美國的黑社會(huì)犯罪組織，在歷史上可謂聲名狼藉。但在文學(xué)、戲劇、電影、動(dòng)漫、游戲等領(lǐng)域，卻屢屢成為藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)的熱門題材。從上世紀(jì)三十年代起，好萊塢就開始對黑手黨題材進(jìn)行電影化的改編與創(chuàng)作，并呈現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)魅力。鑒于黑手黨題材電影的流行性和多元文化價(jià)值，本文將以此作為研究對象，完整梳理黑手黨電影的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，并著重概括其藝術(shù)形象、文化內(nèi)涵、敘事特點(diǎn)、美學(xué)意義等等。 本文主要分為五大部分。第一部分首先對黑手黨電影的創(chuàng)作概貌進(jìn)行梳理。通過對黑手黨電影的概念界定，確定本文的主要研究對象，并對黑手黨電影的產(chǎn)生原因進(jìn)行深層探究。然后著重梳理黑手黨電影的創(chuàng)作概貌，從早期創(chuàng)作雛形，到六十年代以科波拉、馬丁·斯科塞斯為代表的創(chuàng)作熱潮，從九十年代的多元化創(chuàng)作傾向，到新世紀(jì)的后結(jié)構(gòu)主義風(fēng)潮，通過對不同發(fā)展階段的創(chuàng)作特點(diǎn)概括，試圖總結(jié)出黑手黨電影可供重復(fù)操作的共性元素。 第二部分主要探究黑手黨電影的人物形象特色。分別從人物原型探究、角色塑造分析、形象魅力展現(xiàn)、女性角色設(shè)置四個(gè)角度加以分析。關(guān)于黑手黨電影的人物原型，本文主要從西部精神的內(nèi)在延續(xù)和真實(shí)黑手黨的現(xiàn)實(shí)映射，來對其人物原型進(jìn)行追溯。并通過論述電影角色塑造的逼真生動(dòng)性，來概括總結(jié)不同黑手黨人物形象所具有的超強(qiáng)性格魅力——迷人的黑色英雄和不羈的灰色英雄。 第三部分是對黑手黨電影的文化元素進(jìn)行深入分析。黑手黨電影深受意大利移民文化和美國文化的雙重影響，在這一題材的長期創(chuàng)作過程中，蘊(yùn)含了豐富的黑手黨文化、宗教文化、移民文化、家庭文化觀念、地域文化等等，這些元素的有效介入大大提高了電影的審美意蘊(yùn)。 第四部分則是對黑手黨電影的敘事特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。黑手黨電影作為一類題材特殊的影片，它以暴力呈現(xiàn)作為承載戲劇沖突的主要方式；并在敘事視角和敘事結(jié)構(gòu)上，注重故事節(jié)奏和人物命運(yùn)走向的把控，從而讓影片具有了多重解讀的可能性。同時(shí)黑手黨電影再現(xiàn)空間和精神空間的有效并置，也為影片故事呈現(xiàn)和觀眾精神寄托，提供了一個(gè)虛實(shí)相生、交相呼應(yīng)的載體。 第五部分最終上升到對黑手黨電影美學(xué)價(jià)值意義的探討。好萊塢拍攝的黑手黨題材電影，滿足了公眾對于這一神秘組織體系的好奇心理和觀賞欲望，并在法西斯美學(xué)和暴力美學(xué)雜糅展示下，，對于觀眾英雄夢想和權(quán)力欲望的心理滿足感的營造，有著鮮明的戲劇性體現(xiàn)。在欣賞和體驗(yàn)之余，黑手黨電影還注意在抒寫他們浪漫傳奇故事的同時(shí)，更多的融入人文內(nèi)涵和思辨色彩，體現(xiàn)出對人類社會(huì)權(quán)力與罪惡關(guān)系的深刻審視和反思。 最后結(jié)語，本文同樣正視了黑手黨題材電影所帶來的消極誤導(dǎo)作用，但同時(shí)也肯定了黑手黨電影在此方面的有效規(guī)避。結(jié)合黑手黨電影存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義以及流行文化趨勢，總結(jié)得出，黑手黨題材電影堅(jiān)持商業(yè)和藝術(shù)并舉的發(fā)展策略，以及對當(dāng)代電影發(fā)展具有的良好借鑒和啟示意義。其兼具現(xiàn)實(shí)主義精神和浪漫主義情懷的主題風(fēng)格，是電影藝術(shù)不斷得以繼承發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵所在，也是世界電影在創(chuàng)新道路上不斷模仿和超越的動(dòng)力所在。
[Abstract]:"Mafia" was born in Italy, rooted in America's criminal underworld organization, is notorious in history. But in literature, drama, film, animation, games and other fields, has become a hot topic of artistic expression. From the last century since 30s, Hollywood began the cinematic adaptation and creation of Mafia the theme, and show the unique artistic charm. In view of the Mafia movies are popular and diverse cultural values, this paper will take this as the research object, combing the development of complete Mafia film, and summarizes the artistic image, cultural connotation, narrative features, aesthetic significance and so on.
This paper is divided into five parts. The first part of the film Mafia creation overview are reviewed. Based on the concept definition of the film Mafia, determine the main object of study, and the causes of the film Mafia for deep exploration. Then focuses on the creation of the film Mafia overview, from early 60s to the creation of a prototype, Coppola. Martin Scosese as the representative of the creation trend, from 90s the diversified tendency of creation, to the new century of post structuralism trend, through the summary of the creative features of different stages of development, attempts to summarize the common elements of film Mafia for repeated operation.
The second part mainly explores the features of the characters. The film Mafia separately from the archetypal inquiry, character analysis, image charm, female character set four be analyzed. Characters about Mafia film, this article mainly from the spirit of the continuation of the Mafia and the real inner reality mapping, the archetypal characters back and through discussing the movie role in the shaping of the vivid, grey hero to summarizing the characters of different Mafia image has the superior character charm, charming black hero and uninhibited.
The third part is the cultural elements of the film Mafia in-depth analysis. The dual influence of film Mafia by Italy immigration culture and American culture, in the long process of creation this theme, contains Mafia culture, rich religious culture, immigrant culture, family culture, regional culture and so on, effective involvement of these elements greatly improve the aesthetic implication of the film.
The fourth part is the narrative characteristics of the film Mafia are summarized. The film Mafia as a kind of special theme film, it appears as the main way to violent conflict in the drama bearing; and narrative perspective and narrative structure, pay attention to the rhythm of the story and the fate of the characters to the control, so that the movie has the possibility of multiple interpretations at the same time. The effective juxtaposition of Mafia represented in the film space and spiritual space, but also for the film the story and the audience of spiritual sustenance, provides a virtual and real, carrier echoes.
The fifth part discusses the value significance finally rose to the Mafia film aesthetics. Hollywood film Mafia theme movie, meet the public for this mysterious organization system of curiosity and desire to watch, and in the fascist aesthetics and aesthetics of violence hybridity show for the audience, the hero dream and desire for power of psychological satisfaction and create a. Dramatic reflect. In appreciation and experience over the film Mafia also pay attention to describe their romance stories at the same time, more humanisticconnotation and speculative color, reflecting on the human society and the relationship between the power of sin deep survey and reflection.
The final conclusion, we also face the negative films Mafia to bring misleading effect, but also must effectively avoid film Mafia in this respect. Combined with the practical significance of Mafia film exists and the trend of popular culture, we conclude that the Mafia films adhere to the development strategy of commercial art and simultaneously, and the development of contemporary film good reference has the enlightenment significance. It has realistic spirit and romantic themes, is the key to the continuous film art inheritance and development, but also the world cinema in the path of innovation constantly imitate and surpass motivation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：J905

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