摘要

從20世紀(jì)80年開始，世界范圍內(nèi)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整持續(xù)進(jìn)行，各個(gè)主要國家，特別是發(fā)達(dá)國家，開始將主要的資源和精力用于發(fā)展本國的服務(wù)行業(yè)，隨著這些國家政策的轉(zhuǎn)向，其國內(nèi)的服務(wù)業(yè)占比持續(xù)增加。與國外發(fā)展趨勢相一致，我國也處在經(jīng)濟(jì)體制不斷變動(dòng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式轉(zhuǎn)型的階段，如果想在國際分工和國際競爭中占據(jù)有利地位，并且維護(hù)自身的正當(dāng)權(quán)益，就需要在推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的同時(shí)，更加注重服務(wù)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。通過對以往服務(wù)貿(mào)易發(fā)展經(jīng)歷的回顧和總結(jié)，推動(dòng)服務(wù)業(yè)和服務(wù)貿(mào)易的快速發(fā)展，建立起與我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng)的服務(wù)貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)，并且針對當(dāng)前服務(wù)貿(mào)易的現(xiàn)狀和問題，持續(xù)優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)，，為全球范圍內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)競爭打下基礎(chǔ)。在這種形勢下，通過優(yōu)化服務(wù)貿(mào)易的結(jié)構(gòu)來提升經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的質(zhì)量就成為一種急迫的選擇。本文在對服務(wù)貿(mào)易現(xiàn)狀、結(jié)構(gòu)、服務(wù)貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)存在的問題等方面進(jìn)行深入分析的基礎(chǔ)上，得出了如下結(jié)論:

(1) 服務(wù)貿(mào)易對于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長發(fā)揮了重要的規(guī)模效應(yīng)，在規(guī)模越大、關(guān)聯(lián)度越高的情況下，本國的資源使用就更加充分，并且能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)高級要素的快速有效積累，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長。因此，現(xiàn)代服務(wù)貿(mào)易占比越高，生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)貿(mào)易占比越高，那么該國的貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)就更加具有競爭力。
(2) 結(jié)合我國服務(wù)貿(mào)易的實(shí)際情況，筆者認(rèn)為當(dāng)前我國服務(wù)貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)中優(yōu)勢較為突出的是傳統(tǒng)部門，現(xiàn)代服務(wù)貿(mào)易占比較低，其發(fā)展規(guī)模和國際競爭力較差，對于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長也沒有發(fā)揮到其應(yīng)有的水平。
(3) 我國發(fā)展服務(wù)貿(mào)易需要在發(fā)展方式方面進(jìn)行優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)。要關(guān)注服務(wù)貿(mào)易總量的增長，也需要就不同比例的服務(wù)貿(mào)易情況進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，需要提升現(xiàn)代服務(wù)貿(mào)易的比例和生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)貿(mào)易的比例。而這些持續(xù)的優(yōu)化工作需要政府部門和企業(yè)之間密切合作，通過恰當(dāng)?shù)姆龀终吆投愂諟p免、貿(mào)易優(yōu)惠政策，實(shí)現(xiàn)人力資本和技術(shù)的積累，提升經(jīng)濟(jì)的競爭力，以獲取更多的比較利益。
關(guān)鍵詞：服務(wù)貿(mào)易，結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化，改進(jìn)策略

Abstract

Since the 1980s, a new round of industrial restructuring wave began in the world. And the world's major economic countries and regions, especially in developed countries and regions, make use of their own resources, to focus on developing the region's service economics. Therefore, the proportion of service in the overall economy increased year by year.
Due to the weakness in the world economy, China’s export-oriented economy has been seriously challenged and the structural problems of service trade and service industries expose clearly. This means that in the next few years, China should optimize the internal structure harder to begin trade in services, to improve modernization level. The government should sum up the successful experiences and lessons learned in the countries with higher service trade development levels. Combined with the economic levels and development situations of service industry at this stage, it should also find effective ways to improve the service industrial structure and enhance the level of modernization service, as well as related preferential policies in order to optimize the structure of China's service trade, and create favorable internal conditions for participating in international service market competition. Thus, in the current international situation and domestic environment, optimizing the service trade structure actively is the urgent choice for China's economic development.
Since the degree of economic globalization and liberalization of trade in services is deepening, the world trade in services has experienced the rapid development and structural adjustment gradually. In this paper, through a series of researches and analysis, the author initially forms the following conclusions:
(1) Different service sectors have different effects on economic growth. If the effects of scale economies are more significant, the degree of industrial linkage is higher. And it can make use of its own resources more fully and the effect on the economic growth is more significant. Thus, if a country’s modern service trade structure improves, productive service trade structure improves and the country’s service trade structure optimizes and developed.
(2) Based on empirical researches on China's service trade, the paper argues that China’s current comparative advantages are still in traditional service trade sectors. Modern service trade sector has just started, and the development scale and competitiveness are still small and weak. For the effect on economic growth, it can not reflect the structure level of productive service trade and it is far less than developed countries and regions.
(3) China is in urgent need to develop trade in services, and change the growth mode of foreign trade. Developing international trade in services, requires not only the service trade growth, but also the optimization and promotion in the service trade structure. This means that enhancing the proportion of the modern trade in services and productive trade services can help improve the competitiveness of traditional trade services. 
Keywords: service trade, optimization of structure, development strategy

Table of Contents
摘要 1
Abstract 2
Chapter 1 Introduction 4
1.1 Research Background 4
1.2 Research Values and Objectives 6
1.3 Summary of Latest Research 8
1.4 Research Methods 11
Chapter 2 Literature Review 12
2.1 Concepts and Theories of Service Trade 12
2.2 Concepts and Theories of service trade structure 18
2.3 Concepts and Theories of service trade structure optimization 20
2.4 Factors of structural changes of service trade 25
Chapter 3 Development and Elements of China's service trade structure 26
3.1 China's service trade development 26
3.2 Comparison of different elements of Service Trade Structure 28
Chapter 4 Analysis of Problems and Reasons for China's service trade structure 31
4.1 Problems of China's service trade structure 32
4.2 Reasons for China's service trade structure’s problems 34
4.3 Empirical Analysis of factors influencing international competitiveness of service trade 38
Chapter 5 Recommendations for optimizing China's service trade structure 44
5.1 Findings and Directions of Improvement 44
5.2 Recommendations for the further optimization of China’s service trade structure 45
Chapter 6 Conclusion 51
References 53

Chapter 1 Introduction介紹

1.1 Research Background
Since the 1980s, a new round of industrial restructuring wave began in the world. And the world's major economic countries and regions, especially in developed countries and regions, make use of their own resources, to focus on developing the region's service economics. Therefore, the proportion of service in the overall economy increased year by year. Under this opportunity, international service trade developed rapidly and the scale of world trade in services continued to expand. In 2008, the exports of world service trade was $37.779 billion, which was nearly five times as much as the number in 1990 (($ 7.804 billion). Between 2000 and 2008, the average annual growth rate of the service trade exports in the world was about 17.23 percent, which was far higher than the growth rate of world goods’ trade (5%) in the same period. When measuring a country's international competitive strength, the levels of service trade have become an extremely important indicator. It is thus clear that the status and role of service trade in the world economy and promoting economic development are increasing.

Chapter 6 Conclusion總結(jié)

Since the degree of economic globalization and liberalization of trade in services is deepening, the world trade in services has experienced the rapid development and structural adjustment gradually. In this paper, through a series of researches and analysis, the author initially forms the following conclusions:

(1) Different service sectors have different effects on economic growth. If the effects of scale economies are more significant, the degree of industrial linkage is higher. And it can make use of its own resources more fully and the effect on the economic growth is more significant. Thus, if a country’s modern service trade structure improves, productive service trade structure improves and the country’s service trade structure optimizes and developed.

(2) Based on empirical researches on China's service trade, the paper argues that China’s current comparative advantages are still in traditional service trade sectors. Modern service trade sector has just started, and the development scale and competitiveness are still small and weak. For the effect on economic growth, it can not reflect the structure level of productive service trade and it is far less than developed countries and regions.

(3) China is urgently need to develop trade in services, and change the growth mode of foreign trade. Developing international trade in services, requires not only the service trade growth, but also the optimization and promotion in the service trade structure. This means that enhancing the proportion of the modern trade in services and productive trade services can help improve the competitiveness of traditional trade services. 

Government and service enterprises should work together to develop and make good use of industrial policies and trade policies, increase investment in science and technology, as well as human capital accumulation, nurture its long-term competitiveness, in order to gain more comparative advantages in international trade.

However, due to many services sectors, service trade statistics is not detailed and comprehensive. Statistical methods are single. For the discussion of service trade structure, the author analyzes only to the industry classificationlevel and fails to go deep into the industry interior to make further discussion. Further, unlike the United States, China does not make statistics in service trade. Thus the article does not analyze the service trade structure according to the service delivery. And the author will continue to focus on this issue, and make for further exploration.

本文編號：133377