隨著城鎮(zhèn)化和工業(yè)化進程的加快,城市固體廢物產(chǎn)量和全球能源需求也在以驚人的速度增長,由此引發(fā)了人們對環(huán)境惡化和自然資源枯竭的關(guān)注。開發(fā)可再生能源是滿足未來發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵,而氫氣被認為是最有前景的清潔可再生能源。城市生活垃圾主要由碳氫化合物組成,是一種極具吸引力的氣化替代原料。然而,當(dāng)前絕大多數(shù)城市生活垃圾通過填埋和堆置進行處理處置,導(dǎo)致溫室氣體排放等環(huán)境問題。因此,利用城市生活垃圾作為氣化原料,可以減少因填埋帶來的溫室氣體排放。另外,與垃圾焚燒相比,城市生活垃圾氣化產(chǎn)生的污染排放更易于控制,是一種更為環(huán)保的工藝。垃圾氣化生產(chǎn)富氫合成氣技術(shù)目前處于研發(fā)階段。文獻綜述表明,城市生活垃圾含水率高、氣化過程中催化劑失活、焦油生成和合成氣污染是制約城市生活垃圾氣化生產(chǎn)富氫合成氣發(fā)展的主要技術(shù)障礙。因此,為實現(xiàn)生活垃圾資源化生產(chǎn)高附加值合成氣,亟需開發(fā)有效的調(diào)控策略。催化劑的應(yīng)用被認為是解決以上問題的有效方法。目前,氣化后催化重整已得到廣泛關(guān)注,但仍缺乏關(guān)于城市生活垃圾原位催化氣化的研究。原位催化氣化技術(shù)具有成本低、工藝簡單等優(yōu)點。因此,本研究制備并考察了富CaO廢棄大理石粉(WMP)、Ni-CaO-T...

【文章頁數(shù)】：163 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
List of major symbols, units, and abbreviations
1 Introduction
    1.1 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
        1.1.1 Characteristics of MSW
        1.1.2 Properties of MSW
    1.2 MSW conversion routes
        1.2.1 Biochemical conversion routes
        1.2.2 Thermochemical conversion routes
    1.3 Technological overview of gasification
        1.3.1 Gasification reactions
        1.3.2 Gasification process types
        1.3.3 Gasifiers
        1.3.4 Process operating parameters
        1.3.5 Tar formation
        1.3.6 Tar reforming techniques
    1.4 Catalytic gasification
        1.4.1 Natural minerals
        1.4.2 Synthetic catalysts
    1.5 Worldwide gasification technology development situation
        1.5.1 Sustainable H₂ production from MSW gasification
        1.5.2 Chemical loop gasification (CLG)
    1.6 Technical barriers and challenges
        1.6.1 Feedstock pre-processing/handling
        1.6.2 Syngas contamination
        1.6.3 Ash and char
        1.6.4 Catalyst deactivation
    1.7 Research motivation, purpose and significance
    1.8 Objective of the thesis
    1.9 Framework and structure of the thesis
2 MSW gasification with waste marble powder as a catalyst
    2.1 Background
    2.2 Experimental
        2.2.1 Materials
        2.2.2 Apparatus and procedure
        2.2.3 Methods of sample analysis
        2.2.4 Methods of data processing
    2.3 Results and Discussion
        2.3.1 Effect of waste marble powder (WMP)
        2.3.2 Effect of temperature
        2.3.3 Effect of steam rate
        2.3.4 Analysis of solid residues
        2.3.5 Tar analysis
        2.3.6 Comparison with previous calcium based catalysts studies
    2.4 Summary
3 Ni doped waste marble powder catalyst promoted by transition metals for MSW gasification
    3.1 Background
    3.2 Experimental
        3.2.1 Materials
        3.2.2 Catalyst preparation
        3.2.3 Experimental setup and procedure
        3.2.4 Analysis methods
    3.3 Results and discussion
        3.3.1 Catalyst characterization
        3.3.2 Gasification conditions optimization
        3.3.3 Catalyst performance
        3.3.4 Tar analysis
    3.4 Summary
4 MSW gasification using Ni-CaO-TiO₂ catalyst prepared by DC arc plasma melting
    4.1 Background
    4.2 Experimental
        4.2.1 MSW sample
        4.2.2 Catalyst preparation
        4.2.3 Cyclic carbonation-calcination test
        4.2.4 Gasification experiments
        4.2.5 Analytical methods
    4.3 Results and discussion
        4.3.1 Catalyst characterization
        4.3.2 Cyclic CO₂ capture performance
        4.3.3 MSW gasification performance
        4.3.4 Tar analysis
        4.3.5 Comparison with previous literature
    4.4 Summary
5 HfO₂ promoted Ni-CaO catalyst for gasification of wet MSW
    5.1 Background
    5.2 Experimental
        5.2.1 Materials
        5.2.2 Catalyst preparation
        5.2.3 Catalyst characterization
        5.2.4 Gasification experiment
    5.3 Results and discussion
        5.3.1 Catalyst characterization
        5.3.2 Cyclic CO₂ capture performance
        5.3.3 Catalytic gasification performance
        5.3.4 Tar analysis
    5.4 Comparison of catalysts studied in this work
    5.5 Summary
Conclusions, innovation points and outlook
    Conclusions
    Innovation points
    Outlook
References
Appendices
Publications during Ph.D.studies
Acknowledgement
Author's Information



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