烏蘭巴托是世界上最寒冷的首都,擁有蒙古一半的人口。近年來,烏蘭巴托市的空氣污染變得愈發(fā)嚴重。2016年12月,城市內(nèi)PM2.5濃度達到1,985μg/m3,比世界衛(wèi)生組織WHO制訂的標準高約80倍。隨著農(nóng)村低收入家庭的遷移蒙古包地區(qū)逐漸擴大,烏蘭巴托的空氣污染隨之日益惡化。在蒙古包地區(qū),煤消耗量很高,大約80%的空氣污染源源于此。為了減少烏蘭巴托市的空氣污染,蒙古政府在2010-2018年期間出資1.2億美元采取一系列的措施。盡管耗費了巨款,市民生活仍未得到較大改善。長此以往,人口增長引起的空氣污染將會嚴重影響烏蘭巴托市的可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。因此,本研究主要考察了當前城市發(fā)展政策在解決烏蘭巴托市空氣污染環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)方面的能力和不足。對蒙古包地區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀分析表明,該地區(qū)不僅存在城市規(guī)劃問題,并且缺乏基礎設施和城市服務,還存在失業(yè)和職業(yè)供應不足造成的貧困等社會經(jīng)濟問題。另一方面,政策分析顯示當前的城市發(fā)展政策只是一個沒有對社會經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境影響進行考量的城市空間規(guī)劃文件,因為它沒有關注家庭收入生活習慣和環(huán)境意識的改善。鑒于空氣污染越來越嚴重,需要在烏蘭巴托尋找新的供熱方式。我們在2018年試用了兩級空氣源...

【文章頁數(shù)】：76 頁

【學位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
    1.1 Background
        1.1.1 Urbanization in Mongolia
        1.1.2 Ger area’s expansion and air pollution in Ulaanbaatar city
        1.1.3 Current activities to reducing air pollution
    1.2 Literature review
        1.2.1 Air pollution
        1.2.2 Against strategies of the air pollution in other countries
        1.2.3 Air pollution in Beijing,China
        1.2.4 Air pollution in Istanbul,Turkey
        1.2.5 Air pollution in Seoul,South Korea
    1.3 Research objectives
    1.4 Research structure
CHAPTER2 Theoretical Fundermental And Methodology
    2.1 What is Sustainable Urban Development?
    2.2 Key Concepts to Measure Sustainable Urban Developments
    2.3 Methodology
    2.4 Summary
CHAPTER3 Current Situation Of Ulaanbaatar City’s Air Pollution
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Analysis on characteristics of Ger area
        3.2.1 Overview of Ger area in Ulaanbaatar city
        3.2.2 Ger area’s expansion and its legal status
        3.2.3 Households in Ger area
    3.3 Analysis on urban development policy of Ulaanbaatar city
        3.3.1 Historical overview of urban development policy of Ulaanbaatar city
        3.3.2 Policy analysis on UBMP2030
    3.4 Comparative analysis
    3.5 Discussion
    3.6 Summary
CHAPTER 4 Possible amendments on policy and case study
    4.1 Possible amendments
    4.2 Case study:Advanced household heat pumps for air pollution control
        4.2.1 Current situation and electric solutions
        4.2.2 Methods and data analysis
        4.2.3 Results
        4.2.4 Discussion
        4.2.5 Environmental education program for the Ger area’s residents
    4.3 Summary
CHAPTER5 Conclusion and recommendations
    5.1 Research findings and conclusions
    5.2 Suggestions and recommendations
Acknowledgement
References



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