CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 

1.1 Research Background 
With  International  communication  and  economic  globalization,  English  as  a lingua franca is playing an increasingly important role in every corner of the world. English  has  affected  other  languages  and  people  of  other  countries  have  colonized English too. In this process, English globalization also brings out its nativization. The emergence of Australian English, African English, Singlish and so on has challenged the standard English—British English and American English. China boasts the largest English-learning population in the world. The nativization of  English  in  China  produces  a  distinctive  variety—  China  English  with  Chinese characteristics.  As  an  important  component  of  world  Englishes,  China  English  has played  a  vital  role  in  international  affairs.  With  China's  prosperity  and  rising  status, other countries have strengthened their communication with China. China English in the  translated  GWR  that  covers  China’s  fundamental  policy,  social  situation  and political issues is crucial to our political interest and even international image.China English, as a distinctive variety of world Englishes, has significant value of academic  research  in  linguistics  and  translation  study.  It  is  attracting  more  attention from scholars at home and abroad. The author aims to give translators some guidance in China English of translated external publicity texts by analyzing China English in the English version of GWR 2014. 
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1.2  Research Significance
The thesis makes a study of China English in the translated GWR 2014 from the perspective  of  the  translator’s  visibility  and  its  research  significance  is  in  the following two aspects: 1. Theoretical significance: (1) A study of China English from the perspective of the translator’s  visibility  improves  the  status  of  the  translator.  (2)  Previous  research  on China English focuses on linguistics level such as whether China English exists or not, the  definition  of  China  English,  its  characteristics,  etc.  The  research  from  the perspective of translation is relatively insufficient and the study of translation practice in the guidance of translation theory is not so deep. Previous study on China English from  the  translation  theory  is  as  follows:  practical  translation  aesthetics,  translation memetics,  adaptation  theory,  functionalist  translation  theory,  etc.  But  the  study  on China English from the perspective of the translator is little and superficial. The thesis makes a study of China English from the perspective of the translator’s visibility, thus to some extent enriching the research on China English and deepening the guidance of translation theory to translation practice. 
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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 

2.1  Previous  Studies  on  China  English  from  the  Perspective  of Linguistics at Home and Abroad 
In China Ge Chuanggui first put forward the term “China English” in the article “ A Talk on Chinese-English Translation” in 1980. He pointed out: “ Every country has its own conditions. As for China, there are many things with Chinese features to be expressed whether they are spoken or written in English.”(Ge Chuanggui 1980:91) To  illustrate  this,  he  cited  some  examples:  “Four  Books”  (四書),  “May  Fourth Movement”  (五四運動)”,  “Eight-legged  Essay”  (八股文),  “imperial  competitive exam” (科舉), etc. According to Mr. Ge, all these expressions with Chinese features are  correct  China  English,  not  Chinglish(Ge  Chuanggui  1980:91-92).  When English-speaking  people  hear  or  read  these  expressions,  they  may  not  understand them  immediately.  But  by  explanation  native  English  speakers  can  understand  what the  expressions  denote.  Unfortunately,  “China  English”  as  a  new  term  did  not  draw much attention from Chinese scholars at that time. In  1988,  Huang  Jinqi(1988:39-47)  published  an  article  entitled  “A  Positive Attitude  to  Chinese  English”,  in  which  he  held  that  in  translation  the  influence  of Chinese on English is not always negative because the language has both positive and negative  influence.  In  his  opinion,  Chinese-colored  English  expressions  are  correct. They  show  Chinese  civilization  and  enrich  English  vocabulary.  He  did  not  give  a clear  definition  of  China  English,  but  he  mentioned  some  expressions  with  Chinese characteristics, such as “seeking truth from fact” (實事求是), “the first step in a long march  of  ten  thousand  li”  (萬里長征第一步),  “four  modernizations”  (四個現(xiàn)代化), etc. 
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2.2  Previous  Studies  on  China  English  from  the  Perspective  of Translation Theory and Translation Practice 
Some scholars do research on China English from translation theory. Among the research,  the  most  influential  papers  are  The  Analyses  of  China  English  Using Practical  Translation  Aesthetics  by  Wang  Chen  and  Wang  Huijuan,  A  Study  on  the Emergence and Prospect of China English from the Perspective of Memetics by Shao Bingyuan,  The  Justification  of  China  English  from  the  Approach  to  Translation  as Adaptation  and  Selection  by  Wang  Juan,  and  On  Translating  Words  with  Chinese Characteristics  under  the  Perspective  of  Functionalist  Translation  Theory---A  Case Study  on  Translating”  Bu  Zhe  Teng”  by  Cao  Na.  It  can  be  seen  that  translation theories  involving  the  study  of  China  English  focus  on  translation  aesthetics, translation  memetics,  the  theory  of  translation  as  adaptation  and  selection,  and functionalist translation theory. 
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Chapter  Ⅲ  A STUDY OF CHINA ENGLISH .... 12 
3.1 The Definition and the Cause of China English ......... 12 
3.2 The Characteristics of China English ....... 14
3.3 China English and Chinglish ........... 16
3.3.1 The Definition and the Characteristics of Chinglish ........... 17 
3.3.2 The Difference between China English and Chinglish ....... 18 
3.3.3 My Attitude towards China English and Chinglish ............ 19 
Chapter  Ⅳ  VENUTI’S TRANSLATOR’S VISIBILITY ...... 21 
4.1 Translator’s Visibility .... 21
4.2 Representation of Translator’s Visibility: Foreignizing Translation ..... 23
4.3 An Evaluation of Venuti’s Translation Theory .......... 28 
Chapter  Ⅴ  A  STUDY  OF  CHINA  ENGLISH  IN  THE  ENGLISH  VERSION  OF GWR ........... 30 
5.1 Data Collection and Analysis of GWR 2014 ..... 30
5.2 The Translator’s Visibility in the English Version of GWR 2014 .......... 34
5.3  The  Guidance  of  The  Translator’s  Visibility  ........... 42 

Chapter  Ⅴ  A  STUDY  OF  CHINA  ENGLISH  IN  THE ENGLISH  VERSION  OF  GWR  2014  FROM THE  PERSPECTIVE  OF  THE TRANSLATOR’S VISIBILITY 

5.1 Data Collection and Analysis of GWR 2014  

Report on the Work of the Government 2014 as study text is worth to investigate. The  English  version  of  GWR  can  give  us  some  valuable  guidance  in  translation practice because it is the joint efforts by experienced Chinese translators and foreign experts.  The  author  downloads  both  Chinese  and  English  versions  of  2014  GWR (about  31000  words  in  total)  and  finds  261  China  English  (the  different  English expressions  of  the  same  word  are  not  calculated  again).  In  order  to  make  a  better study of China English, the author classifies China English mainly into six different categories: 1) the words related to politics, e.g.: “one country, two systems” (“一國兩制”),  Three  Represents  Theory  (三個代表),  CPPCC(全國政協(xié)),  etc.  2)  the  words related to economics, e.g.: iron rice bowl(鐵飯碗), proactive fiscal policy(積極的財政政策),  reform  and  opening  up(改革開放),  etc.3)  the  words  related  to  culture, science  and  education,  e.g.:  cultural  and  ethnical  progress(精神文明建設(shè)),  cultural soft power(文化軟實力), national rejuvenation through science and education(科教興國), etc. 4) the words related to society and people’s wellbeing, e.g.: a harmonious society(和諧社會),  people’s  wellbeing(民生),  government-subsidized  housing(安居工程), etc. 5) Chinese idioms, proverbs and four-character expressions, e.g.: take a holistic approach (統(tǒng)籌兼顧), The people are the foundation of a nation, and a nation carl enjoy peace only when its foundation is strong. (民惟邦本，本固邦寧。), perform their duties honestly, diligently and faithfully (廉潔奉公，勤勉盡責(zé)), There is nothing more  important  than  human  life  (人命關(guān)天),  etc.  6)  the  words  related  to  China’s political,  economic,  technological,  and  ecological  development,  environmental protection,  and  others,  e.g.:  the  new  path  of  industrialization,  IT  application, urbanization and agricultural modernization with distinctive Chinese features(中國特色新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化道路), the great rejuvenation of the Chinese  nation(中華民族偉大復(fù)興),  conserve  energy,  reduce  emissions(節(jié)能減排), etc.  

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CONCLUSION 

By making a quantitative analysis of the translation methods of China English in the  translated  GWR  2014,  the  author  finds  that  foreignizing  strategy  (literal translation,  transliteration,  literal  translation  with  annotation,  coinage)  is  the  major trend and accordingly the translator tends to be visible in translation. The translator is most  visible  in  translating  economic  and  political  words.  But  in  some  cases,  the translator  should  be  invisible  by  domestication  to  make  the  translation  easily understood. From data analysis, the translator tends to be invisible in Chinese idioms, proverbs and four-character expressions. This will give us some guidance in external publicity texts translation. The translator should strive to be visible in China English to  preserve  the  Chinese  flavor  as  much  as  possible  rather  than  produce  natural  and transparent  translation.  Foreignization  is  recommended  to  promote  Chinese  culture and strengthen its international impact, but rigid translation or mechanical translation should  be  avoided.  Sometimes  the  translator’s  invisibility  by  domestication  is necessary  for  reader’s  sake.  That  is  to  say,  the  translator  should  strike  a  balance between  loyalty  to  the  original  text  and  readability  of  the  target  text.  In  translation practice,  the  translator  should  first  make  the  translation  intelligible,  but  more importantly, he should do his utmost to be visible and keep the Chinese characteristics in order to spread Chinese culture and enhance national pride. 
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The reference (omitted)

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