摘要：今天提里提里瑪塔基已經(jīng)在新西蘭最成功的自然守恒之一。在本文中，提里提里瑪塔基首次推出，，然后介紹了其管理計(jì)劃。然后，在提里提里瑪塔基管理瀕危物種的利弊進(jìn)行了分析。接下來，通過使用生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的辦法，在關(guān)系提里提里瑪塔基海島管理計(jì)劃，棲息地和物種的恢復(fù)進(jìn)行了討論。我們勾勒出管理計(jì)劃的目的/目標(biāo)和方法，并簡要概述理由，生態(tài)理論和一些實(shí)踐的方法，其中包括棲息地恢復(fù)計(jì)劃，蟲害控制程序，動物重新引入計(jì)劃，監(jiān)測和研究目標(biāo)，檢疫協(xié)議標(biāo)的進(jìn)行了討論。從討論中，我們評估了新西蘭近海島嶼的管理瀕危物種，并提出改善這種管理的一些建議。

Abstract: Today Tiritiri Matangi has been one of most successful natural conservations in New Zealand. In this paper, Tiritiri Matangi was first introduced and then its management plan was descried. Then, the pros and cons of managing endangered species in Tiritiri Matangi were analyzed. Next, by using an ecosystem approach, the Tiritiri Matangi island management plan in relation to habitat and species recovery is discussed. We outline the aims/goals and methodology of the management plan and briefly outline the justification, underlying ecological theory and methodology of some practices, including habitat restoration programme, pest control programme, animal re-introduction programme, monitoring and research objectives, and quarantine protocols are discussed. From the discussions we evaluated the managing endangered species on New Zealand offshore islands, and propose some suggestions for improving this management.

1. Introduction 介紹

提里提里瑪塔基是新西蘭的豪拉基灣占地220公頃的海上小島。顯示在地圖中在圖1中，提里提里瑪塔基位于新西蘭奧克蘭以北28公里，東3.5公里半島Whangaparaoa的的。這個(gè)島有著悠久的歷史：早在1700一些當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裰凶≡谶@個(gè)島上。 1864年燈塔成立，并正式向公眾開放。 1983年面臨的人為景觀改造已久的歷史后，恢復(fù)森林植被，特別是通過農(nóng)業(yè)的需求，豪拉基灣公園局提出了一個(gè)計(jì)劃，以建立提里提里瑪塔基島儲備。今天提里提里瑪塔基已經(jīng)在新西蘭最成功的自然守恒之一。提里提里瑪塔基已經(jīng)完全清除了食肉動物和地方的樹木被用來創(chuàng)建一個(gè)森林。許多瀕危鳥類棲息和生態(tài)存在，因?yàn)樗且粋�(gè)安全的家他們。圖2是在奧克蘭地區(qū)提里提里瑪塔基生態(tài)區(qū)的照片。Tiritiri Matangi is a 220-hectare offshore island in the Hauraki Gulf of New Zealand. Shown in the map at Fig.1, Tiritiri Matangi is located at 28 km north of Auckland of New Zealand and 3.5km east of Whangaparaoa Peninsula. This island has a long history: as early as about 1,700 some local habitants lived in this island. In 1864 a lighthouse was established and opened to the public. In 1983 facing the demand of restoring the forest vegetation after the long-history of human induced landscape modification, especially through the farming, the Haurki Gulf Park Board proposed a plan to establish a reserve in Tiritiri Matangi Island. Today Tiritiri Matangi has been one of most successful natural conservations in New Zealand. Tiritiri Matangi has completely cleared the predators and the local trees are used to create a forest. Many endangered birds perched and habited there since it is a safe and secure home for them. Fig.2 is a photo of ecological districts of Tiritiri Matangi in the Auckland Region.

2. The Management Plan in Tiritiri Matangi
2.1 Pros and Cons of Managing Endangered Species in Tiritiri Matangi
3. The Management Plan in Tiritiri Matangi
3.1 Habitat restoration programme
3.2 Pest control programme
3.3 Animal re-introduction programme
3.4 Monitoring and research objectives
3.5 Quarantine protocols

4. Conclusions總結(jié)

Today Tiritiri Matangi has been one of most successful natural conservations in New Zealand.Tiritiri Matangi has been completely cleared of predators and the local trees are used to create a forest. In this paper, Tiritiri Matangi was first introduced and its management plan was descried.
Then, the pros and cons of managing endangered species in Tiritiri Matangi were analyzed. Next,
by using Ecosystem Approach, Tiritiri Matangi island management plan in relation to habitat and species recovery was disucssed. We outlined the aims/goals and methodology of the management plan and briefly outline the justification, underlying ecological theory and methodology of some practices, including habitat restoration programme, pest control programme, animal re-introduction programme, monitoring and research objectives, and quarantine protocols are discussed. From the previous discussions we evaluated the managing plan and propose some suggestions for improving this management.

5. Bibliography注解

Auckland’s Hauraki Gulf Marine Park & Island Guide, 2015. CBD, 2004. The Ecosystem Approach, the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity,Montreal.
Department of Conversation, 1997, Tirtiri Matangi Island work Plan 1997.
Department of Conversation, 2013, Tirtiri Matangi Island Biodiversity Plan 2013. Ecological districts in the Auckland Region, 2015. 
Hauraki Gulf maritime park board, 1982, Tirtiri Matangi Island work plan 1983.

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