落花生教案設(shè)計(jì)PPT
本文關(guān)鍵詞:落花生教案,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
落花生教案設(shè)計(jì)PPT,主要是了解作者的簡介,這是作者回憶自己童年時(shí)代的一個(gè)小片段。通過父母與孩子們的對話、作者借父親之口以花生的平凡而有用作為類比,隱含做人的道理。歡迎點(diǎn)擊下載哦。
散文翻譯 2:落花生
作者:許地山
許地山(1893~1941),現(xiàn)代作家、學(xué)者。名贊堃,字地山,筆名落花生。
祖籍廣東揭陽,生于臺灣臺南一個(gè)愛國志士的家庭;卮箨懞舐浼=埾。1910年中學(xué)畢業(yè)后曾任師范、中學(xué)教員。1917年考入燕京大學(xué)文學(xué)院,1920年畢業(yè)留校任教。期間與翟秋白、鄭振鐸等人聯(lián)合主辦《新社會》旬刊,積極宣傳革命。“五·四”前后從事文學(xué)活動,1921年1月,他和沈雁冰、葉圣陶、鄭振鐸等12人,在北平發(fā)起成立文學(xué)研究會,創(chuàng)辦《小說月報(bào)》。1922年往美國入紐約哥倫比亞大學(xué)研究院哲學(xué)系,研究宗教史和宗教比較學(xué),獲文學(xué)碩士學(xué)位。后轉(zhuǎn)入英國牛津大學(xué)曼斯菲爾學(xué)院研究宗教學(xué)、印度哲學(xué)、梵文、人類學(xué)、民俗學(xué)等。 1927年回國在燕京大學(xué)文學(xué)院和宗教學(xué)院任副教授、教授,同時(shí)致力于文學(xué)創(chuàng)作。
許地山一生創(chuàng)作的文學(xué)作品多以閩、臺、粵和東南亞、印度為背景,主要著作有《空山靈雨》、《綴網(wǎng)勞蛛》、《危巢墜筒》、《道學(xué)史》、《達(dá)衷集》、《印度文學(xué)》;譯著有《二十夜問》、《太陽底下降》、《孟加拉民間故事》等。
落花生
我們屋后有半畝隙地。母親說:“讓它荒蕪著怪可惜,既然你們那么愛吃花生,就辟來做花生園罷。”我們幾姐弟和幾個(gè)小丫頭都很喜歡--買種的買種,動土的動土,灌園的灌園;過不了幾個(gè)月,居然收獲了!
媽媽說:“今晚我們可以做一個(gè)收獲節(jié),也請你們爹爹來嘗嘗我們的新花生,如何?”我們都答應(yīng)了。母親把花生做成好幾樣的食品,還吩咐這節(jié)期要在園里的茅亭舉行。
那晚上的天色不太好,可是爹爹也到來,實(shí)在很難得!爹爹說:“你們愛吃花生么?” 我們都爭著答應(yīng):“愛!” “誰能把花生的好處說出來?” 姐姐說:“花生的氣味很美。” 哥哥說:“花生可以制油。” 我說:“無論何等人都可以用賤價(jià)買他來吃;都喜歡吃他。這就是他的好處。”
爹爹說:“花生的用處固然很多;但有一樣是很可貴的。這小小的豆不像那好看的蘋果、桃子、石榴,把它們的果實(shí)懸在枝上,鮮紅嫩綠的顏色,令人一望而發(fā)生羨慕之心。他只把果子埋在地底,等到成熟,才容人把他挖出來。你們偶然看見一棵花生瑟縮地長在地上,不能立刻辨出他有沒有果實(shí),非得等到你接觸他才能知道。”
我們都說:“是的。”母親也點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭。爹爹接下去說:“所以你們要像花生,因?yàn)樗怯杏玫,不是偉大、好看的東西。”我說:“那么,人要做有用的人,不要做偉大、體面的人了。”爹爹說:“這是我對于你們的希望。” 我們談到夜闌才散,所有花生食品雖然沒有了,然而父親的話現(xiàn)在還印在我心版上。
語體特征:
1. 篇章:《落花生》是作者回憶自己童年時(shí)代的一個(gè)小片段。通過父母與孩子們的對話、作者借父親之口以花生的平凡而有用作為類比,隱含做人的道理。
2. 句式:對話構(gòu)成了語篇的主體,所以句式簡潔,以簡單句和并列句為主。
2. 語義:原文口語化傾向突出,語言普通,多為日常詞匯;個(gè)別詞語(比如“爹爹”)具有早期方言色彩;與助詞“的”語義功能相同的“底”(de)的使用,使語篇流露出早期現(xiàn)代漢語風(fēng)格。
譯文說明:
譯文1為張培基譯,選自張培基譯注《英譯當(dāng)代中國散文選》(漢英對照),上海外語教育出版社,1999年。
譯文2為劉士聰譯,選自喬萍等編著《散文佳作108篇》,譯林出版社,1999年。
張培基教授:
男,1921年生,福建省福州市人。1945年畢業(yè)于上海圣約翰大學(xué)英文系。同年任《上海自由西報(bào)》英文記者、《中國評論周報(bào)》(英文)特約撰稿人。翌年赴日本東京遠(yuǎn)東國際軍事法庭任英文翻譯,約兩載半,隨后赴美學(xué)習(xí),1949年于美國印地安納大學(xué)英國文學(xué)系肄業(yè)后回國。歷任北京外文出版社編輯、中國人民解放軍外國語學(xué)院教授、北京對外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)教授。中國譯協(xié)第一、三屆理事,現(xiàn)任《英語世界》雜志顧問。
劉士聰教授:
南開大學(xué)外語學(xué)院博士生導(dǎo)師,,,多年從事文學(xué)作品漢英翻譯的教學(xué)與實(shí)踐,以及以語言和文本為基礎(chǔ)的文學(xué)翻譯研究。
主要著作:
《漢英·英漢美文翻譯與鑒賞》,
在這本書里,他提出文學(xué)作品 的翻譯是語言藝術(shù),其最高境 界是再現(xiàn)原文韻味的思想。
“韻味”主要體現(xiàn)在語言的 “聲響與節(jié)奏”、“意境與氛圍” 和“個(gè)性化的話語與方式” 三個(gè)方面。
1. 落花生
張培基(下稱“張”)譯:Peanuts
劉士聰(下稱“劉”)譯:The Peanut
2. 我們屋后有半畝隙地。
張:Behind our house there lay half a mu of vacant land.
劉:At the back of our house there was half a mu of vacant land.
改譯:Behind our house lay a patch of vacant land.
Or: There was a small piece of vacant land behind our house.
解析: 將“半畝”譯為“half a mu”不如將其虛化為“a small piece”. mu這個(gè)詞雖說已存在于英語詞匯中,但是英美的很多詞典并沒有收入,比如Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English及The American Heritage Dictionary.
在翻譯“畝”時(shí),常用的方法是轉(zhuǎn)化為公頃(hectare)。
3.母親說:“讓它荒蕪著怪可惜,既然你們那么愛吃花生就辟來做花生園罷。”
張: Mother said, “It’s a pity to let it lie waste. Since you all like to eat peanuts so much, why not have them planted here.”
劉:“It’s a pity to let it go to waste like that,” Mother said, “Since you all enjoy eating peanuts, let us open it up and make it a peanut garden.”
試譯:Mother said, “It is a kind of waste to leave it untilled. Since you like peanuts so much, why not till it and plant some peanuts?”
4.我們幾姐弟和幾個(gè)小丫頭都很喜歡— —買種的買種,動土的動土,灌園的灌園,過不了幾個(gè)月,居然收獲了!
張:That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants. We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!
劉:At that my brother, sister and I were all delighted and so were the young housemaids. Some went to buy seeds, some dug the ground and others watered it and, in a couple of months, we had a harvest.
解析:
因?yàn)樵S地山生于1893年,由此推來“小丫頭”應(yīng)該是“小丫環(huán)”。比較:maidservants.
“動土”:
Plough: to break up or turn over (land) with a plough (Longman) 以犁耕地
Dig: to break up or move (earth) 挖/掘(土);
譯為:dig up the land/plot
本段最后一句,張先生譯文“a good harvest”意指“豐收”,與原文的”收獲”有些出入。將“居然”譯為actually相對較好。
5. 媽媽說:“今晚我們可以做一個(gè)收獲節(jié),也請你們爹爹來嘗嘗我們底新花生,如何?”我們都答應(yīng)了。
張:Mother said, “How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and invite your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts?”
劉:“Let us have a party tonight to celebrate,” Mother suggested, “and ask Dad to come for a taste of our fresh peanuts. What do you say?” We all agreed, of course.
解析: 1) 將“如何?”處理為“How about…”要比采用反義疑問句好。 2) “收獲節(jié)”譯為party 則不是太好,因?yàn)閜arty指社交聚會,一般有家庭之外的成員參與。 試比較:feast; festival
Mother said, “We will have a feast on peanuts tonight to celebrate our harvest, and invite your dad to have a taste of our new peanuts, won’t we?” We all agreed.
6. 母親把花生做成好幾樣的食品,還吩咐這節(jié)要在園里底茅亭舉行。
張:Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of the peanuts, and told us that the party would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot.
劉:Mother cooked the peanuts in different styles and told us to go to the thatched pavilion in the garden for the celebration.
解析: “花生做成好幾樣的食品”譯為“goodies out of the peanuts”不如“groundnut-based dishes”。 goodies為一非正式用語, 如果翻譯過來,“好吃的東西”似乎比“食品”更為等效,且goodies多指甜食。
7. 那晚上底天色不好,可是爹爹也到來,實(shí)在很難得!爹爹說:“你們愛吃花生么?”
張:It looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, Father came nevertheless. “Do you like peanuts?” asked Father.
劉:The weather was not very good that night but, to our great delight, Dad came all the same. “Do you like peanuts?” Dad asked.
解析: 1)“天色不好”譯為“It looked like rain”,屬于意譯;“It was a gloomy night”可以說是直譯。2)在譯“實(shí)在很難得”時(shí), 的確費(fèi)了不少思量。譯為“great joy”則沒有將原句的語氣完全表達(dá)出來。 3) 張先生將“爹爹”全譯為Father. 通讀原文,讀者會發(fā)現(xiàn), 原文除最后一句話中使用了“父親”一詞外,其余均為“爹爹”。
8. 我們都爭著答應(yīng):“愛!”
張:“Yes, we do!” We vied in giving the answer.
劉:“Yes!” we all answered eagerly.
解析:
“vie”一詞很正式,指to compete (against someone) (for something) (Longman)。
“vie”的搭配有5種:
Vie with sb for sth; vie with sb in doing sth;
Vie with sb to do sth; vie with sb;
Vie for sth.
因此,張的譯文 vied in giving the answer 是一種搭配誤用,建議譯文 改為:
vied with each other in giving the answer.
vied with each other to give the answer.
vied for the answer.
9. “誰能把花生底好處說出來?”
張:“Which of you could name the good things in peanuts?”
劉: “But who can tell me what the peanut is good for?’
解析:
看到“the good things in peanuts”, 讀者首先想到的是fat,protein等成分,而不是花生的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
10.姊姊說:“花生的氣味很美。”
張:“Peanuts taste good,” said my elder sister.
劉:“It is very delicious to eat,” my sister took the lead.
解析:
乍一看,taste good為誤譯,其實(shí)不然。想一想,沒有加工過的花生氣味能美到哪里去。另外,既然“sister”可以譯為“姊姊”,為什么“姊姊”只能譯為“elder sister”?
10. 哥哥說:“花生可以制油。”
張:“Peanuts produce edible oil,” said my elder brother.
劉: “It is good for making cooking oil,” my brother followed.
解析:
“Peanuts produce edible oil”不如將其改作:
“Peanuts can be used to produce edible oil.”
“Peanuts yield edible oil.”
“They can be made into oil.”
11. 我說:“無論何等人都可以用賤價(jià)買它來吃;都喜歡吃它,這就是它底好處。”
張:“Peanuts are so cheap,” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them. Peanuts are everyone’s favorite. That’s why we call peanuts good.”
劉: “It is inexpensive,” I said, “Almost everyone can afford it and everyone enjoys eating it. I think this is what it is good for.”
解析:
將“都喜歡吃它”譯為“everyone’s favorite”應(yīng)屬于誤譯。
另外,張先生將文章中的三個(gè)“說”全譯為said有些欠當(dāng)。
12.爹爹說:“花生底用處固然很多;但有一樣是很可貴的。
張:“It’s true that peanuts have many uses,” said Father, “but they’re most beloved in one respect.
劉:“Peanuts is good for many things,” Dad said, “but there is one thing that is particularly good about it.
13. 這小小的豆不像那好看的蘋果、桃子、石榴,把它們底果實(shí)懸在枝上,鮮紅嫩綠 的顏色,令人一望而發(fā)生羨慕的心。它只把果子埋在地底,等到成熟,才容人把它挖出來。
張:Unlike nice-looking apples, peaches and pomegranates, which hang their fruit on branches and win people’s instant admiration with their brilliant colors, tiny little peanuts bury themselves underground and remain unearthed until they’re ripe.
劉:Unlike apples, peaches or pomegranates that display their fruits up in the air, attracting you with their beautiful colors, peanuts buries its fruit in the earth. It does not show itself until you dig it out when it is ripe and,
Yet, it has one valuable quality. This small nut is not like those good-looking apples, peaches and pomegranates, which hang their colorful fruits on the branches and invite admiration. It buries its fruit under the ground, and lets itself be dug out only when it is ripe.
解析: 將“令人一望而發(fā)生羨慕的心”譯為invite admiration(招搖),雖意義有些出入,但因其簡潔,仍愿保留。 “等到成熟,才容人把它挖出來”張先生的譯文要好得多。
13. 你們偶然看見一棵花生瑟縮地長在地上,不能立刻辨出它有沒有果實(shí),非得等到你接觸它才能知道。”
張:When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you touch them.”
劉:…unless you dig out, you can’t tell whether it bears fruit or not just by its frail stems above ground.”
比較:If you happen to see a peanut plant crouching there, you cannot decide at once whether it has fruit or not. You can only know this by getting into touch with it.”
14. 我們都說:“是的。”母親也點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭。爹爹接下去說:“所以你們要像花生因?yàn)樗强捎玫模皇莻ゴ、好看的東西。”
張:“That’s true,” we said in unison. Mother also nodded. “So you must take after peanuts,” Father continued, “because they’re useful though not great and nice-looking.”
劉:“That’s true,” we all said and Mother nodded her assent. “So you should try to be like the peanut,” Dad went on, “because it is useful, though not great or attractive.”
解析: 1) “in unison”意指in complete agreement, 在程度上有些過了。 2) “take after”意指resemble somebody; 而原文“要像花生”指向花生學(xué)習(xí)。故不當(dāng)。
建議修改為:
“我們都說”—We all agreed.
“爹爹接下去說”—Daddy went on.
“爹爹說”—Daddy concluded.
15.我說:“那么,人要做有用的人,不要做偉大、體面的人了。”爹爹說:“這是我對于你們底希望。”
張:“Then you mean one should be useful rather than great and nice-looking,” I said. “That’s what I expect of you,” Father concluded.
劉:“Do you mean,” I asked, “we should learn to be useful but not seek to be great or attractive?” “Yes,” Dad said. “This is what I wish you to be.”
16. 我們談到夜闌才散,所有花生食品雖然沒有了,然而父親的話現(xiàn)在還印在我心版上。
張:We kept chatting until the party broke up late at night. Today, though nothing is left of the goodies made of peanuts, Father’s words remain engraved in my mind.
劉:We stayed up late that night, eating all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us. But Father’s words remained vivid in my memory till this day.
解析:
Longman: The terrible memory was engraved on his mind/in his memory.
Mind: keep/bear something in mind = not to forget something
On one’s mind: trouble one’s thoughts; causing anxiety, unhappiness, etc 擔(dān)心
建議修改為:
…my father’s words still remain engraved in my memory.
本文關(guān)鍵詞:落花生教案,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
本文編號:262592
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