留學(xué)論文Reference格式|Harvard Reference引用的一些要點(diǎn)詳解

reference0說起Reference，那可是種類多多，例如常用的OSCOLAR，Harvard, Vancouver, MHRA, RSC & APA.
不同的Reference，在格式上都會(huì)有略微的不同。

所以在生成Reference之前，一定要聽好被老師“撂牌子”的格式名稱哦！！
今天我們來重點(diǎn)介紹一些Harvard要求，，引文北美學(xué)校這個(gè)格式使用的是最多的，下面來卡看Harvard格式文中以及reference list里的引用格式。
* Citing Your Sources In The Text 
1. 作者為1-2人
author(s)’s surname ＋ the year of publication
e.g. It has been argued by Harris (2001) that the main considerations are…
      (Cullingworth and Nadin 2007)
2. 作者為3人及以上：
在第一個(gè)作者名字后,使用縮寫et al. (注意后面的“.”) 
e.g. Tayler et al. (2003)(Tayler et al. 2003).
3. 在文中第二次引用同一篇source：
用ibid代替括號(hào)內(nèi)的作者名字及年份
e.g. Consensus is an important issue, but it can be hard to encourage (ibid).
4. 總結(jié)或者改寫source中的一段或一章內(nèi)容：
在給出作者名字、出版年份后，還必須指明頁碼范圍
e.g. It has been argued (Harris 2001, pp. 20-21) that the main considerations are the scope ofthe project, the cost and the duration of the work.
* The Reference List
⚠ ＊要包含在文中所有被引用的sources；
     ＊以作者名字首字母為準(zhǔn)，從A-Z依次排序；
     ＊reference之間要空行；
     ＊在每個(gè)reference前不要使用數(shù)字標(biāo)號(hào)；
     ＊title 要斜體 (劃線__部分需要斜體)；
     ＊每個(gè)reference首字母都要大寫。

Different Types of Sources
1. Books:
Author. (Date). Title: subtitle. Place of publication: Publisher.
e.g. Andrews, J. R. et al. 2012. Physical rehabilitation of the injuredathlete. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
2. Journal Articles:
Author. (Date).Title of article. Title of journal, volume number (issue number), pages.
e.g. Ang, L. and Taylor, B. 2005. Managing customer profitability using portfolio matrices. Journal of Database Marketing and Customer Strategy Management 12(5), pp. 298-304.
3. Electronic journal article (PDF):
Author. (Date). Title. [Online]. Place of publication: Publisher (if known). Full date you retrieved the information. Full URL.
e.g. Merchant, A.T. 2007. Diet, physical activity, and adiposity in children in poor and rich neighbourhoods: a cross-sectional comparison.Nutrition Journal [Online] 6. Available at: [Accessed: 10 May 2007].
4. Report:
Title of organisation. (Date). Title of report: subtitle. Place: Publisher.
e.g. European Commission. 2004. First report on the implementation ofthe internal market strategy 2003-2006. Luxembourg: Office forOfficial Publications of the European Communities.
5. Websites:
Author. (Date created/last updated). Title of webpage[Online]. Full date you retrieved the information. FullURL.
e.g. Thompson, B. 2006. Why the net should stay neutral [Online].Available at: [Accessed: 10 May 2007].
6. Newspaper articles:
Author. (Full date). Title of article. Title of newspaper, pages.
e.g.Benoit, B. 2007. G8 faces impasse on global warming. FinancialTimes 29 May 2007, p. 9.

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