這個任務(wù)是創(chuàng)建關(guān)于工業(yè)關(guān)系的視頻，并了解IR對個人和組織的貢獻.。產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)系成為一個世紀以來的研究領(lǐng)域。產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)系的重要是進步和成功的關(guān)鍵�？捎懻摰囊饬x，如不間斷生產(chǎn)，減少勞資糾紛，士氣高昂，精神革命和減少浪費。因此，作為一個學生，，需要深入了解他們的學習領(lǐng)域的產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)系。

1.0 INTRODUCTION 簡介

This assignment is to create the video making about Industrial Relation and understanding of contribution of IR to individual and organization. Industrial Relation became a field of study since a century ago. The important of Industrial Relation are key to progress and success. The significance may be discussed as under uninterrupted production, reduction in Industrial Disputes, high morale, mental revolution and reduced wastage. Therefore, as a student need to know about the Industrial Relation deeply on their field of study.

2.0 DEFINITION 定義

In initial usage, the term industrial relations was little more than a shorthand for the “relations between labour and capital in industry,” a phase encountered frequently before 1912. The meaning of the term soon expended greatly, however, and by 1920 it had come to represent an academic field of study, a reform movement in industry, and a professional vocation.

This birth of the term industrial relations and its metamorphosis into a subject of academic inquiry was critically influenced by several events and ideas in the preceding half-century. An appreciation of the origins and development of the field requires brief mention of theses events and ideas. (Kaufman, 1993)

The Labour Dictionary defines “industrial relation” as the relation between employers and employees in industry. In order that the term “industrial relations” could never cover every sector of the labour force in all part of the world, the International Institute of Labour Studies has defined it as “social relations in production”.

The few element of this term is originally the term stood for employer-employee relations in an industry. When the workers organised themselves into trade unions and the latter started dealing with the employers, trade unions activities also came to be included under this term. When the relation between employers and employees came to be vested with the public importance and ceased to be private, the state had to be involved in such relations. Therefore, the activities of the state designed to modify, regulate and control relations between employers and employees also become a part of “industrial relations”.

Considering all these elements mentioned above, the term “industrial relations” can be taken to stand for employee union, employer, and government relationship in employment. As the term indicates, industrial relations spring from the contacts between employers, employees and their trade unions. Such relations and contacts prevail at various forms such as the relations between a single employer and a single union of his employees, between a single employer and more than one union or between many employers organised on one side, and many unions grouped under federation, on the other. (Sinha, 2004)

3.0 CONTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 勞資關(guān)系的貢獻

3.1 INDIVIDUAL

Individual cannot make decisions alone in several issues. Hence, he or she needs the help and guidance from others. Industrial relations help individual to solve their problems through mutual negotiations and consultation with their employer. Besides that, it also provides a platform for the individual to voice out their opinion to their employer and takes part in decision-making. Subsequently, it also improves the economic condition of the employee when disputes and dissatisfaction about wages and benefits are negotiated through collective bargaining.

Good industrial relations enhance employees’ morale and motivation. When the employer and employees have the same vision or interest, for instance, to increase organizational performance, it built mutual cooperation. The employee feels that he or she also has ownership in the organization’s gains. Hence, when the income of the employee increases once the profitability of the organization increases, it boosts his or her motivation to put in more effort to increase productivity. It gives satisfaction to the employee when their effort is equally compensated. Besides that, employer needs to realize and share equally the profits of industry generously with employees to maintain good industrial relations.

Employee will get proper training from their employer so they could get opportunities to go higher in their career because good industrial relations leads to good communication. If the communication between employer and employee are smooth, all the needs and requirement are voice out to the employers. That way, employer will know what is their employee are lacking. This is one of the ways to evaluate employees’ performance other than using performance appraisal. Besides, employee will understand more about their rights in an organization so that the management will not easily suppressed them. This promotes a excellent work ethics to all employees to be honest and hardworking. With good working environment, and good employer-employee relations, it improves the morale of the workers.

3.2 ORGANIZATION

The concept of industrial relations means the relationship between employees and management in the day-to-day working of an industry. But the concept has a wide meaning. When taken in the wide sense, industrial relations are a “set of functional independence involving historical, economic, social, psychological, demographic, technological, occupational, political and legal variable”.

Industrial relations have been extended to denote the relations of the state with employers, workers, and their organizations. The subject therefore includes industrial relations and joint consultations between employer and work people at their work place, collective relation between employer and thta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312" />

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