以單個(gè)詞為中心的詞典編纂傳統(tǒng)和語(yǔ)料庫(kù)研究所揭示的語(yǔ)言短語(yǔ)趨向之間存在矛盾。一方面,紙質(zhì)和電子詞典通常將單個(gè)詞作為詞目組織的主要索引單位(詞目詞)。另一方面,語(yǔ)料庫(kù)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),短語(yǔ)經(jīng)常具有重要的語(yǔ)用和語(yǔ)篇功能,一些短語(yǔ)單位本身就是意義承載者。和單個(gè)詞相比,詞典對(duì)短語(yǔ)的處理往往不夠凸顯、不夠充分。與此同時(shí),有越來(lái)越多的研究開始研發(fā)學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)列表,目的是為了幫助非本族語(yǔ)者和寫作新手進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)寫作。而一些在線學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)詞典也開始對(duì)詞束(lexical bundles)這類短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行表征。不過(guò)應(yīng)當(dāng)指出,這些短語(yǔ)列表主要是用于教學(xué)目的,無(wú)法直接用作詞典詞目詞,而在線詞典對(duì)于詞束的描寫和表征方面還有較大提升的空間。鑒于此,本研究試圖用實(shí)證方法創(chuàng)建一個(gè)面向詞典編纂的詞束列表,這些詞束在通用學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)寫作中高頻出現(xiàn),并被認(rèn)為適合作為詞目詞。我們先是利用Sketch Engine來(lái)自動(dòng)提取一個(gè)詞束列表,然后依靠可復(fù)制的人工篩查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和統(tǒng)計(jì)手段去掉不合適的詞束,最后得到了80個(gè)四詞目標(biāo)詞束。我們接著從詞束覆蓋度、宏觀和微觀結(jié)構(gòu)等方面定量分析了目標(biāo)詞束在高階英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)詞典中的表征情況。此外,為進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)詞典對(duì)于詞束的處理,我們比較了兩種擴(kuò)展詞束描寫的方法(頻率法和搭配法),發(fā)現(xiàn)通過(guò)搭配法來(lái)擴(kuò)展四詞詞束更為有效�；谶@些發(fā)現(xiàn),我們最后提出了一個(gè)改進(jìn)學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)詞束詞典處理的新模型。本研究主要有以下發(fā)現(xiàn):一、方法層面上,證明了創(chuàng)建一個(gè)面向在線英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)詞典編纂(非本族語(yǔ)者和寫作新手為目標(biāo)用戶)的學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)詞束列表是可行的;二、定量分析表明,目標(biāo)詞束的表征因詞典而異,表征程度普遍不夠充分;三、發(fā)現(xiàn)并實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)了一種擴(kuò)展詞束描寫的新方法(搭配法),目前對(duì)該方法的研究還較少。研究意義包括:一、聚焦詞典對(duì)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)短語(yǔ)的表征,強(qiáng)烈呼吁在線詞典對(duì)我們提煉出的學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)詞束按詞目詞處理,以更好地滿足非本族語(yǔ)者和寫作新手的學(xué)術(shù)短語(yǔ)需求;二、有助于加強(qiáng)詞束研究和電子(數(shù)字)詞典研究之間的協(xié)同;三、展示了擴(kuò)展詞束描寫的可能,對(duì)于“終極詞典”(Sinclair et al.2004)的構(gòu)建有一定啟示意義。研究局限包括:一、只關(guān)注四詞詞束,沒(méi)有考慮其它可能在學(xué)術(shù)寫作中高頻出現(xiàn)的更大或更小的詞束;二、目前牛津?qū)W術(shù)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)只能在Sketch Engine平臺(tái)上檢索,因而詞束提取會(huì)受限于Sketch Engine“N-grams功能”的參數(shù)設(shè)定,這一定程度上會(huì)影響研究結(jié)果;三、沒(méi)有識(shí)別學(xué)習(xí)者易誤用的詞束;四、沒(méi)有調(diào)查不同微觀結(jié)構(gòu)處理方式對(duì)目標(biāo)詞束的查閱、記憶和產(chǎn)出的影響。希望將來(lái)的研究能夠解決這些問(wèn)題。
【學(xué)位單位】：戰(zhàn)略支援部隊(duì)信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位年份】：2019
【中圖分類】：H316
【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter1 Introduction
    1.1 Research background
    1.2 Research gaps
    1.3 Research questions and aims of the study
    1.4 Research methodology
    1.5 Outline of the dissertation
Chapter2 Literature Review
    2.1 Identification and classification of lexical bundles
        2.1.1 Lexical bundle identification
        2.1.2 Structural and functional classification
    2.2 Factors affecting lexical bundle use
        2.2.1 Register variation
        2.2.2 Disciplinary variation
        2.2.3 Writer difference
            2.2.3.1 Expert vs.novice writers
            2.2.3.2 L1 vs.L2 writers
            2.2.3.3 Learners at different proficiency levels
        2.2.4 Other factors
        2.2.5 Critique
    2.3 Lexical bundles and lexicography
        2.3.1 Lexical bundles and dictionary research
            2.3.1.1 Treatment of lexical bundles in bilingual dictionaries
            2.3.1.2 Lexical bundles as discriminator of definition style
        2.3.2 Lexical bundles and dictionary-making
            2.3.2.1 LEAD
            2.3.2.2 SciE-Lex
            2.3.2.3 OLDAE
        2.3.3 Critique
    2.4 Summary
Chapter3 Developing a List of Target Bundles for Lexicographic Purposes
    3.1 Corpora and dictionaries
        3.1.1 Target corpus
        3.1.2 Comparison corpus
        3.1.3 Dictionaries
    3.2 Developing and classifying target bundles
        3.2.1 Extraction procedures
        3.2.2 Filtering procedures
            3.2.2.1 Manual filtering
            3.2.2.2 Log-likelihood ratio test
            3.2.2.3 Dispersion test
        3.2.3 Structural and functional classification of target bundles
    3.3 Looking up target bundles
    3.4 Summary
Chapter4 Examining the Lexicographic Treatment of Target Bundles
    4.1 Coverage
    4.2 Macrostructural treatment
        4.2.1 Lexical bundle as headword
        4.2.2 Component word as headword
    4.3 Microstructural treatment
        4.3.1 Form
        4.3.2 Location
        4.3.3 Textual enhancement
    4.4 Discussion
    4.5 Summary
Chapter5 Improving the Lexicographic Treatment of Lexical Bundles
    5.1 Design and proposals
    5.2 Comparing two approaches to enriching bundle description
        5.2.1 The frequency approach
        5.2.2 The collocation approach
        5.2.3 A comparison
    5.3 Examining bundle collocates in dictionaries
        5.3.1 Bundles and collocation settings
        5.3.2 Analytical procedures
        5.3.3 Results
        5.3.4 Discussion
    5.4 Illustration of the new treatment:The case of the degree to which
    5.5 Summary
Chapter6 Conclusion
    6.1 Major findings
    6.2 Implications
    6.3 Limitations and directions for future research
Acknowledgements
References
Appendices
    Appendix A.Log-likelihood and effect size data of bundles(n=146)
    Appendix B.Log-likelihood and effect size data of bundles that characterize the spoken genre (COCA)
    Appendix C.Frequencies of bundles by discipline(n=99)
    Appendix D.Dispersion of bundles by subject area(PMWs;n =99)
    Appendix E.Entry excerpts for THE EXTENT TO WHICH
    Appendix F.Statistics of target bundles by structure
    Appendix G.Statistics of target bundles by function
    Appendix H.Association measures in the Sketch Engine
    Appendix I.Relevant collocates found in dictionaries
    Appendix J.Collocates found in dictionaries
    Appendix K.Collocation statistics of target bundles(n=80)
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