本文選題：漢日動(dòng)物詞　切入點(diǎn)：國俗語義　出處：《上海外國語大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：一、動(dòng)物詞作為民族詞匯系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)重要組成部分,蘊(yùn)含著豐富的國俗語義,是認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)民族文化史、社會(huì)史和精神世界的重要途徑。世界上較為發(fā)達(dá)的語言各自都有著極為豐富的動(dòng)物詞,漢日語言中存在大量的動(dòng)物詞。 漢語動(dòng)物詞包括基本動(dòng)物詞、復(fù)合衍生動(dòng)物詞和以基本動(dòng)物詞為中心語素構(gòu)成的相關(guān)詞語三類。因?yàn)闈h民族的正統(tǒng)本位思想觀念的影響,源自漢民族本土的動(dòng)物詞構(gòu)詞能力較強(qiáng),而源自外族的動(dòng)物詞構(gòu)詞能力較弱。 日語中的動(dòng)物詞包括四個(gè)組成部分：和語詞,漢語詞,外來語詞�；旌险Z詞。其中漢字詞是借用了漢字、漢詞創(chuàng)造的,具有鮮明的日本民族的色彩,是本論文對(duì)比研究的主要對(duì)象。 二、詞語的理據(jù)是詞匯系統(tǒng)生命的基因。而詞的理據(jù)研究是從發(fā)生學(xué)角度來探求詞源意義的所在,找出事物和現(xiàn)象獲得稱說的依據(jù)。 1、漢日語動(dòng)物詞有相似的構(gòu)詞理據(jù),包括功用理據(jù)、相似理據(jù)、象征理據(jù)。也有基于各自民族語言的相異理據(jù),尤其是日本民族因信奉多神教,因此會(huì)有基于風(fēng)俗信仰的構(gòu)詞理據(jù)。 2、有些動(dòng)物詞是因其在人類社會(huì)中的使用功能而構(gòu)成的,因此了解此類動(dòng)物詞的命名理據(jù),能有效的幫助我們考察不同社會(huì)的人類活動(dòng)及其文化遺跡。 3、動(dòng)物的生理、習(xí)性、形狀、動(dòng)作等方面和人類社會(huì)的事物、現(xiàn)象之間存在某種相似之處,在動(dòng)物詞的形成過程中,以及動(dòng)物詞的語義延伸中,相似理據(jù)是人類認(rèn)知和思維的真實(shí)反映,可以看出一個(gè)民族的思維方式。 4、象征詞語的表義方式主要通過借物喻義或借聲(語音)取義來表示象征意義,這種象征意義又總是和民族傳統(tǒng)的文化思想相契合,因此動(dòng)物詞中象征詞語的象征意義就被賦予了深厚的文化含義。因此,象征意義也可以說是富有文化信息的聯(lián)想意義。 三、動(dòng)物詞語作為“文化詞語”的一個(gè)重要構(gòu)成部分,隱含著重要的民族文化信息,是文化的載體和鏡像。 1、漢日民族都有圖騰崇拜,但漢民族圖騰崇拜較為單一,以“龍、鳳、麒麟和龜”為中心；而日本民族因信仰萬物有靈,因此幻想出諸多關(guān)系與形象,從而構(gòu)成豐富的動(dòng)物詞和用法。 2、不同民族的思維有共同性的一面,也有特殊性的一面。漢日語的動(dòng)物詞大多是借具象來傳達(dá)人的主規(guī)意志,以形寫意,賦予具象以人的靈性。但漢語中對(duì)自然界動(dòng)物的褒貶來自于漢民族思維的辯證性,而日語中則更多的來自于投射心理。 3、漢民族的文化屬于大陸文化,是靠建立在封建宗法社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)上的倫理道德來維系社會(huì)秩序的,并高度重視倫理道德的教育。他們不僅將社會(huì)倫理化,而且還將自然倫理化。這樣,用來約束人類的“孝、悌、忠、信、禮、義、廉、恥”等倫理觀念便被移植到了動(dòng)物界。而日本則屬于海洋島國文化,海洋是日本同其他國家交流的重要通道,因此在語言表達(dá)上他們所聯(lián)想的多半是與海洋動(dòng)物有關(guān)的事情。 四、漢日動(dòng)物詞的關(guān)聯(lián)體系包括四個(gè)方面： 1、中日兩國是一衣帶水的近鄰,因此一些動(dòng)物詞在兩個(gè)民族的語言中,呈現(xiàn)出共通的國俗語義特征。 2、由于兩民族所處的地理環(huán)境、生活習(xí)慣、歷史條件、宗教信仰等差異,在表達(dá)近似意義的時(shí)候,中日兩國語言往往會(huì)借用不同的動(dòng)物形象,因此,兩國人民在對(duì)同一事物的表達(dá)上,所使用的熟語就不相同。 3、在語言長期的發(fā)展歷程中,兩個(gè)民族逐漸形成了對(duì)各種飛禽走獸的好惡、褒貶的固有思維模式,有時(shí),同一種動(dòng)物在中日兩國語言中的聯(lián)想意義完全不同。 4、兩國人民對(duì)于客觀事物的認(rèn)識(shí)既有共同之處,又有不同之處,于是便出現(xiàn)了漢日動(dòng)物詞中有一些詞部分意義相似,而部分意義無法對(duì)應(yīng)的情況。 五、動(dòng)物詞國俗語義的產(chǎn)生和理解是與認(rèn)知模式和文化模式分不開的。中日兩國動(dòng)物詞在語義延伸運(yùn)用上有相同的一面,這是因?yàn)槿祟惛髅褡遄嫦鹊恼J(rèn)知和思維方式有其共性和普遍性,人類具有相同的身體構(gòu)造和感知器官,面對(duì)相同的物質(zhì)世界,具備相同的感知、認(rèn)知能力,也就容易獲得相似的概念結(jié)構(gòu)。 六、在漢日動(dòng)物詞對(duì)比中發(fā)現(xiàn)的文化和認(rèn)知心理動(dòng)因,對(duì)于翻譯、第二語言教學(xué)和跨文化交際都有著十分重要的作用。 1、翻譯具有文化內(nèi)涵的動(dòng)物詞,難就難在源語和譯語存在著國俗語義的錯(cuò)位或缺失。目前衡量翻譯作品質(zhì)量高低的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是譯作是否真實(shí)有效地傳遞了原文的文化信息和意象,是否讓讀者在讀譯作的時(shí)候體味并了解到了源語的文化內(nèi)涵,所以我們應(yīng)盡可能多的了解動(dòng)物詞的國俗語義,采取直譯加注、直譯加解釋以及意譯的方法來翻譯。 2、對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)作為一門應(yīng)用語言學(xué),承載著文化內(nèi)涵。語言中的國俗語義對(duì)學(xué)生來說,和語音、語法、詞匯一樣,也是一種知識(shí),只不過是一種從形式到內(nèi)容都不一樣的知識(shí)罷了。因此,在對(duì)日漢語教學(xué)中就需要通過進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究,揭示直接影響交際、引起誤解甚至沖突的那些包孕在動(dòng)物詞國俗語義中的文化因素,這樣就既節(jié)省了時(shí)間,又切實(shí)可行,便于操作。 3、漢日動(dòng)物詞的國俗語義往往帶有特定的文化信息,且這種信息常常是內(nèi)隱的,當(dāng)同一動(dòng)物詞在兩種文化中具有不同含義時(shí),在跨文化交際中就可能造成沖突。我們可以通過了解漢日兩種語言的動(dòng)物詞及其國俗語義,并且通過對(duì)國俗語義的理據(jù)解讀,詳細(xì)地了解兩種文化的差異,了解得越深刻,交際越是成功。
[Abstract]:A, animal words as an important part of the national vocabulary system, contains rich national cultural meanings, is a history of national culture, an important way of social history and the spiritual world. The world's most developed language have their own abundant animal words, there are a lot of animal words in Chinese and Japanese in the language.
Chinese animal words include basic animal words, animal words and compound derivative Related words formed with basic animal words as the center of morphemes three categories. Because of the influence of the Han nationality orthodox standard ideas, from the Han nationality native animal word formation ability is strong, but from the foreign word formation ability weak dynamic.
Animal words in Japanese language consist of four components: words, words, Loanwords and mixed words. Chinese characters are borrowed from Chinese characters and Chinese words, and have distinctive Japanese colors. This is the main object of comparative research in this paper.
Two, the motivation is the life gene of vocabulary system. And the motivation of words is studied from genealogical perspective to explore the etymological meaning of things and phenomena that have found the basis.
1, Chinese and Japanese animal words have similar motivations, including the function of motivation, similar motivations, symbolic motivations. There are different based on their respective national language motivation, especially for the Japanese nation polytheistic, so there will be custom and belief formation based on motivation.
2, some animal words are made up of their use functions in human society. Therefore, understanding the naming motivations of such animal words can help us to investigate human activities and cultural relics in different societies.
3, animal physiology, behavior, shape, movement and human world, there is a similar phenomenon, in the process of forming animal words, animal words and semantic extension, similar motivation is a true reflection of human cognition and thought, we can see that the way of thinking of a nation.
4, the meaning of symbolic words mainly by way of borrowing meaning or by sound (voice) meaning to represent symbolic meaning, the symbolic meaning of Chinese traditional culture and always thought fit, so the symbolic words of animal words in symbolic meaning endowed with profound cultural meaning. Therefore, the symbolic meaning is can be said to be rich associative meaning of cultural information.
Three, as an important part of "cultural words", animal words imply important national cultural information, which are the carrier and mirror of culture.
1, the Han and Japanese peoples have totem worship. However, the totem worship of Han nationality is relatively simple, centered on "dragon, Phoenix, unicorn and Tortoise", and the Japanese nation, because of its belief in all things, is imaginary.
2, the thinking of different nations have common side, also has a special nature. Chinese and Japanese animal words are borrowed to convey the main concrete rules will give concrete in style, the human spirit. But the dialectic of nature in Chinese or animal from the thinking of the Han nationality but, in Japanese is more from the projection.
3, the Han Chinese culture belongs to the mainland culture, is to rely on Ethics Establishment in the feudal patriarchal society on the basis of the social order, and attaches great importance to moral education. They will not only social ethics, but also the natural ethics. So, to restrict human "filial piety, fraternal love, loyalty, faith, propriety, righteousness, honesty, shame" and other ethical concepts will be transplanted to the animal kingdom. While Japan belongs to ocean island culture, the ocean is an important channel of Japanese exchanges with other countries, so they have Lenovo in language expression is mostly related to marine animal matter.
Four, the association system of Chinese and Japanese animal words includes four aspects:
1, Japan is a narrow strip of water neighbors, so some animal words in two languages, showing the characteristics of NCC in common.
2, the two national geographical environment, living habits, historical conditions, religious differences in the expression of approximation, two languages tend to use different animal images, therefore, the two peoples in the expression of the same thing, the use of idioms is not the same.
3, in the language of long - term development, the two nation gradually formed a variety of birds and animals of likes and dislikes, the inherent mode of thinking, or sometimes, meaning the same animal in both languages are totally different.
4, there are similarities and differences between two peoples' understanding of objective things. So there are some words in Chinese and Japanese animal words with similar meanings, but some of them can not correspond to each other.
Five, to produce and understand the meaning of animal words is inseparable from cognitive and cultural models. Two animal words in the semantic extension of the use of the same side, this is because the ancestors of all ethnic groups of human cognition and mode of thinking has its generality and universality, with human body structure and organs the same, in the same world, with the same perception, cognitive ability, it is easy to obtain similar conceptual structures.
Six, the cultural and cognitive psychological motivation found in the comparison of Chinese and Japanese animal words has a very important role in translation, second language teaching and intercultural communication.
1, has the cultural connotation of animal words in translation, the difficulty in the source language and the target language are dislocation or lack of NCC. An important measure of the quality of the current standard translation is whether the translation truly and effectively convey the cultural information of the original text and images, whether to let the reader appreciate when reading. And to understand the culture of source language, so we should as much as possible to understand cultural meaning of animal words, adopt literal translation with annotation, literal translation plus explanation and translation methods to translation.
2, foreign language teaching as an applied linguistics, carrying the cultural connotation. The NCC in the language of the students, and pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, but also a kind of knowledge, is only a form and content are not the same. Knowledge. Therefore, in the Chinese language teaching in through the comparative study, reveal the direct impact on communication, misunderstanding and even conflict with those involved in animal words in the meaning of cultural factors, such as saving time, and feasible and easy to operate.
3, the NCC in Japanese and Chinese animal words often contain specific cultural information, and this information is often implicit, when the same animal words have different meanings in the two cultures, in cross-cultural communication may cause conflict. We can understand the semantics of animal words and cultural of Chinese and Japanese two languages, and based on the national cultural semantic motivations of interpretation, a detailed understanding of the two kinds of cultural differences, more profound, more communication is successful.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H36;H136.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 司哲;月和MOON國俗語義的認(rèn)知對(duì)比[D];南京師范大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：1608582