本文選題：俄羅斯 + 民族��； 參考：《首都師范大學》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】：“掌握一種語言意味著掌握一種文化”的思想雖然早已提出，但針對語言自身的文化性進行專門研究近年來才開始受到重視。有關語言與民族性格之間的關系方面的研究也剛剛起步。由民族性格特征來探討民族語言特色的研究在國內外都還不算多，目前大多數(shù)的研究是從詞匯—語義的層面進行的，而事實上，“和語言單位的內容平面一樣，其表達平面同樣也能體現(xiàn)出鮮明的民族文化特色”，即：語言的各個層次：包括語音、詞匯、語法(詞法、句法、構詞)等都有可能包含著操該語言民族的民族文化特征�！案髅褡宓恼Z言有各自文化屬性上的特點，語言結構系統(tǒng)和言語運用表現(xiàn)上的差異與民族文化的差異有一定程度的關聯(lián)。”俄羅斯是一個情感性突出的民族，本文試圖從俄語的語法層面來探討俄羅斯民族的豐富情感性在語言中留下的烙印。 本研究具有一定的新意及現(xiàn)實的意義。從理論的角度講，作者通過從文化到語言的視角，對俄語中一些情感表達的語法手段進行分析、研究，試圖探討俄羅斯文化對形成俄語語言特色的某些影響，從另一個角度來證實語言國情學家的理論，為語言國情學的研究提供一份素材。其次，從實踐的角度來說，這個研究可以用來促進俄語教學：使學生更好地了解俄羅斯的民族特點以及俄語區(qū)別于其它語言的一些突出特點，必然能夠加強學生們的語言意識，使他們對俄語有更加直觀的認識，同時，為他們在交際活動中提供相應的知識準備， 我們學習外語，是為了了解這個民族的文化和人、達到跨文化交際的目的，但我們不必也不可能對所有的人與事逐一地親身進行體驗和認識，我們可以借助簡便的途徑，即：通過了解具有相同特征的一群人或某個民族所具有的一定形象來使我們的交際達到順暢，這種群體的形象就是民族性格。具體而言，，“民族性格是一個民族獨特的情感風貌、思維、行為方式、恒定的民族傳統(tǒng)習慣特征，它在物質生活和歷史發(fā)展的影響下形成并體現(xiàn)在民族文化特色之中�！闭Z言既然是民族文化的一面鏡子，它必然也可以反映民族性格，民族性格作為富有特色的文化現(xiàn)象，也會對語言產生某種規(guī)約作用，形成不同的語言特色。作為精神文化的一個層面，民族性格與語言的關系同文化與語言的關系是一致的。 本文選取了俄羅斯民族性格中一個非常突出的情感性特征作為視角，來透視俄羅斯民族豐富的內心世界、他們的喜怒哀樂及對客觀世界的認識。許多學者都發(fā)現(xiàn)，俄羅斯民族的情感性是其性格的突出特點。本文力求通過這一突出的性格特點在語言中的反映(主要體現(xiàn)在表現(xiàn)情感的語法手段豐富)來探求俄語語言的文化特色—“情感豐富的語言”，從而再次證明語言與文化的密切關系。本文的理論基礎是語言國情學。 俄羅斯民族性格中情感性的特征不僅表現(xiàn)在人們的行為中，它和俄語語言中的情感表達手段也有著某種程度的關聯(lián)，作為精神文化的重要部分，這一民族性格特征將語言朝著 俄羅斯民族的情感性 在俄語某些語法范疇中的體現(xiàn) 情感性方向發(fā)展，在俄語中形成了相應的規(guī)則，如:名詞的性、情感表現(xiàn)后綴、人稱的特 殊形式Tbl一B曰中叩M。等;另一方面，俄羅斯人在學習語言時，也不知不覺學習其文化的情 感表達規(guī)則和趨向，語言引導著人以特定的方式表達自己的感情，也引導他去發(fā)展自己的 感情，使俄羅斯人對自己的感情表達更為敏感、感受更為敏銳，也變得更加情感豐富。這 個結論再次印證了語言與文化的密切關系。 俄羅斯民族對客觀世界的獨特認知、他們豐富的情感性特點在名詞的性的范疇中都得 到了充分的體現(xiàn)。利用名詞性的擬人化特征描述周圍的世界、抒發(fā)情感己經成了俄羅斯文 學的一個傳統(tǒng)， ”Tb卜Bbl”中叩Mb;又是俄語中比較特殊的情感表達方式，它不僅僅是反映出人稱關系、 指代出交際的對象(第二人稱單、復數(shù))的交際稱謂形式，還充分表現(xiàn)出說話者與交際對 象的親疏、等級等社會角色關系，更在具體的語境中表達極其細膩、豐富的感情色彩，特 別是對話過程中T。一B‘:的轉換，更附載了豐富的語用信息。 俄語中存在著多種不同的后綴形式，特別是一些構形后綴，它們并不具有什么固定的 詞義，而只是給予這些詞以不同的感情色彩，充分表達出說話者的主觀感受或情感態(tài)度， 主要用于名詞和形容詞中。這些指小、表愛、指大、表卑后綴可以傳達出各種各樣的情感: 喜愛、同情、諷刺、藐視、仇恨等等。本文著重分析了人名的情感表現(xiàn)力后綴。 雖然幾乎所有的語言中都會用感嘆號來表達強烈的情感，但俄語中感嘆號的使用似乎 己達到了“夸張”、“濫用”的地步，還常常兩個、三個感嘆號一起連用來表達情感。和英 語相比，俄語中感嘆號的使用頻率要高得多，反過來說，這種符號也強化了俄羅斯人的情 感，大量、頻繁地使用這種情感表達工具，也會使俄羅斯人變得更加易于宣泄情感。 以語法形態(tài)手段來表達主觀情感雖然并非俄語的專利，但俄語獨特的個性特點在于: 這些情感表現(xiàn)手段的大量存在，它們在語言尤其是日常言語中起非常積極活躍的作用。通
[Abstract]:" Mastering a language means that the idea of a culture " has long been put forward , but the research on the cultural nature of the language itself has only begun . The study on the relationship between the language and the national character has just begun .








From the point of view of culture to language , the author analyzes the grammatical means of some emotion expression in Russian , and attempts to explore the influence of Russian culture on the formation of Russian language features .








We learn a foreign language to understand the culture and people of this nation , achieve the aim of cross - cultural communication , but we don ' t have to be able to experience and understand all the people and things one by one . The image of this group is the national character .








This paper selects one of the most prominent emotional features of Russian national character as the angle of view to see the rich inner world of the Russian nation , their anger and sorrow and the understanding of the objective world . Many scholars have found that the feeling of Russian nationality is the prominent feature of its character . This article tries to explore the cultural characteristics of Russian language by means of this prominent character in the language ( mainly embodied in the rich language of expressing emotion ) , thus again proving the close relationship between language and culture . The theoretical basis of this paper is language national condition .








The emotional expression in Russian language is not only manifested in people ' s behavior , but also has a certain degree of association with the expression of emotion in Russian language as an important part of spiritual culture .

















the feelings of the Russian people








The Embodiment of Some grammatical categories in Russian








In the sense of emotional development , corresponding rules are formed in Russian , such as the sex of the noun , the suffix of the emotion expression , and the person ' s special .








On the other hand , when the Russians were studying the language , they did not know how to learn their culture








Expression rules and trends , language guides people express their feelings in a specific way , and guides him to develop his own .








The feeling that the Russians are more sensitive to their feelings , more acute and more emotional .








The conclusion reconfirms the close relationship between language and culture .








The unique cognition of the Russian nationality to the objective world , their rich emotional characteristics are all in the category of nouns .








By using the personification features of nouns to describe the surrounding world , the lyricism has become Russian .








one tradition of learning ,








" Tb Bu Bbl " is a special expression of emotion in Russian , not only to reflect the person - person relationship , but also to be a special expression of emotion in Russian .








It refers to the communicative competence form of the communicative object ( the second person , the plural ) , and also shows the speaker and the communication pair well .








The relationship of social roles , such as affinity , rank and so on , expresses extremely fine and rich emotional color in a specific context .








Don ' t be the T . A B ' in the conversation process . It ' s more attached with rich pragmatic information . There are a variety of different suffix formats in Russian , especially some configuration fixes , which do not have any fixed The word meaning , rather than giving these words in different emotional colors , fully expresses the subjective feeling or emotional attitude of the speaker , Mainly used in terms of nouns and adjectives . These refer to small , table love , meaning big , inferiority suffix can convey various feelings : Love , compassion , irony , contempt , hatred , etc . This article focuses on the analysis of the emotional expression of human name . While almost all languages use exclamation marks to express strong feelings , the use of exclamation marks in Russian seems to be It has reached the point of " exaggeration " and " abuse " , and often two , three exclamation points are often used to express emotions . The use frequency of the exclamation mark in Russian is much higher than that in Russian , which also strengthens the Russian sentiment . The feeling , the use of such an emotional expression tool in a large and frequent manner will also make it easier for Russians to vent their feelings . Although it is not a Russian patent to express subjective feelings by means of grammatical form , the unique characteristics of Russian are as follows : The great presence of these emotional expressions that play a very active role in language , especially in everyday speech .
【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：H35

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相關期刊論文 前6條

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本文編號：1903918