本文關(guān)鍵詞：俄漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞體的范疇對(duì)比　出處：《上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】： 本論文致力于俄漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞體的對(duì)比。根據(jù)普通體學(xué)的原理,將體定義為:體是動(dòng)詞所表示的行為在其內(nèi)部時(shí)間中的某一階段所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)特點(diǎn)和分布特點(diǎn)(行為指廣義上的行為,包括表示行為、動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)以及關(guān)系等比狀態(tài)更為抽象的東西在內(nèi)的動(dòng)詞,有的學(xué)者稱(chēng)為“動(dòng)作行為”,有的成為“動(dòng)作”或“行為”,本文統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為“行為”)。 體范疇表達(dá)手段上有廣義和狹義兩種解釋。狹義體范疇將其界定為動(dòng)詞范疇,用添加前綴、后綴或變化中間元音的方法來(lái)表示。俄語(yǔ)體的語(yǔ)法范疇是:由表達(dá)體的不同語(yǔ)法意義的語(yǔ)法形式列構(gòu)成的對(duì)立系統(tǒng)。兩列動(dòng)詞在形式上借助前綴、后綴或詞根相互區(qū)別。廣義體范疇是指體的功能語(yǔ)義范疇,范疇語(yǔ)義表達(dá)在有語(yǔ)法體的語(yǔ)言中,以體的語(yǔ)法形式為主,包括詞匯、構(gòu)詞、句法等各種語(yǔ)言層次的手段。而在沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法體的語(yǔ)言中,即缺乏形式變化的語(yǔ)言中,廣義體范疇的主要通過(guò)詞的詞匯意義和行為方式等手段來(lái)表達(dá)。 選取動(dòng)詞的體范疇作為本文的對(duì)比研究對(duì)象,有以下幾點(diǎn)原因: 首先,在俄語(yǔ)中,相較于其它語(yǔ)法范疇動(dòng)詞的體范疇作為中心范疇,占據(jù)著特殊的位置,具體表現(xiàn)為:動(dòng)詞的體范疇覆蓋了全部動(dòng)詞,盡管動(dòng)詞的態(tài)范疇也同樣覆蓋了全部動(dòng)詞,但是體范疇卻限制了態(tài)的范疇意義的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。除此外在正確理解體的范疇意義的前提下,才可以準(zhǔn)確理解其它范疇的意義,才可以選取實(shí)現(xiàn)其它體范疇意義的正確的語(yǔ)法形式。所以,從某種程度上可以講,體范疇是第一性的,而動(dòng)詞的其它范疇是第二性的。所以正確理解解釋俄語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的體范疇,是深入理解俄語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的切入點(diǎn)。 其次,漢語(yǔ)是一種缺乏嚴(yán)格意義上的形態(tài)變化的語(yǔ)言,而語(yǔ)法范疇又稱(chēng)形態(tài)范疇恰恰是由詞的形態(tài)變化來(lái)體現(xiàn)。因此很多人對(duì)漢語(yǔ)中是否能夠構(gòu)建語(yǔ)法范疇表示疑義。但是,在漢語(yǔ)中,確實(shí)存在“著、了、過(guò)”等具有表示動(dòng)作行為的進(jìn)行和完成等語(yǔ)法意義,這是眾所周知的語(yǔ)言事實(shí)。而究竟該如何看待和解釋說(shuō)明這個(gè)語(yǔ)言事實(shí),即能否說(shuō)明該語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象的來(lái)源,能否夠構(gòu)建體范疇,我們認(rèn)為,范疇是對(duì)一定語(yǔ)法形式所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的語(yǔ)法意義的概括,構(gòu)建語(yǔ)法范疇的目的是為了說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言中種種現(xiàn)象和特點(diǎn),既然漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以通過(guò)附加“著,了,過(guò)”等語(yǔ)法形式來(lái)表示動(dòng)作所處過(guò)程和狀態(tài)這類(lèi)語(yǔ)法意義,因此完全可以而且應(yīng)該建立一
[Abstract]:This thesis is devoted to the contrastive study of verb aspect in Russian and Chinese. Aspect is defined as the movement and distribution of the behavior represented by a verb at a certain stage of its internal time (behavior refers to a broad sense of behavior, including the expression of behavior, action. Some scholars call the verb "action behavior", some as "action" or "behavior", which is called "behavior" in this paper. There are two interpretations in aspect category: broad sense and narrow sense. It is defined as verb category by adding prefix. The grammatical category of Russian style is the opposite system composed of grammatical form columns of different grammatical meanings of expressing aspect, and the two columns of verbs use prefixes in form. The broad aspect category refers to the functional semantic category of the aspect, which is expressed in the language with grammatical aspect, mainly in the grammatical form of aspect, including vocabulary and word formation. In the language without grammatical aspect, that is, in the absence of formal change, the broad aspect category is mainly expressed by the lexical meaning and behavior of words. There are several reasons for the contrastive study of the aspect category of verbs in this paper. First of all, compared with other grammatical categories, the aspect category of the verb occupies a special position, which shows that the aspect category of the verb covers all the verbs. Although the verb category also covers all verbs, the aspect category limits the realization of the category meaning of the state, except for the premise of correctly understanding the category meaning of the aspect. Only then can the meaning of other categories be accurately understood and the correct grammatical form of realizing the meaning of other aspect categories can be selected. Therefore, to some extent, aspect categories are primary. The other categories of verbs are secondary, so a correct understanding of the aspect category of Russian verbs is the entry point for further understanding Russian verbs. Secondly, Chinese is a language that lacks formal changes in the strict sense. The grammatical category, which is also called morphological category, is reflected by the morphological change of words. Therefore, many people doubt whether the grammatical category can be constructed in Chinese. This is a well-known linguistic fact, and how to interpret and explain the linguistic fact, that is, whether the source of the linguistic phenomenon can be explained. We believe that category is a generalization of grammatical meaning expressed by certain grammatical forms, and the purpose of constructing grammatical category is to explain various phenomena and characteristics in language. Since Chinese verbs can express the grammatical meaning of the process and state of the action by adding the grammatical forms of "go, go, pass", it is perfectly possible and appropriate to establish a
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H35

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