重金屬（鎘）和生物炭對(duì)水稻的影響及相互作用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2022-12-17 20:27
大米是許多國(guó)家的主食,地球上一半以上的人口都以大米為主食。盡管水稻農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)對(duì)人類的生存和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展負(fù)有責(zé)任,但沒(méi)有多余的土地可以種植水稻。水稻種植面臨著被重金屬污染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)中,許多導(dǎo)致農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和土壤受到污染的重金屬已被列為致癌物,這成為引起人們關(guān)注的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。重金屬的修復(fù)對(duì)于健康和可持續(xù)的作物生產(chǎn)是必不可少的,但大多數(shù)過(guò)程漫長(zhǎng)而昂貴。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),施用生物炭可提高土壤肥力,增強(qiáng)養(yǎng)分保持力,增加養(yǎng)分吸收,從而提高作物產(chǎn)量。因此,本研究“鎘和生物炭對(duì)水稻的影響及交互作用”著重于評(píng)估單獨(dú)的鎘和生物炭及其交互作用對(duì)水稻植物的生長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)量、養(yǎng)分吸收以及土壤特性的影響。并且研究了玉米秸稈生物炭的使用減緩這些影響的潛力。本研究的土壤樣品取自吉林大學(xué)植物科學(xué)學(xué)院的實(shí)驗(yàn)田,在進(jìn)行土壤處理前對(duì)土壤的一些物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了測(cè)定。盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)了4種濃度水平的鎘（0mg,20mg,40mg和1000mg）以及六種濃度水平的生物炭（0噸/公頃、5噸/公頃、10噸/公頃、20噸/公頃、40噸/公頃、80噸/公頃）。移栽后一周監(jiān)測(cè)株高等生長(zhǎng)參數(shù)直到收割。收割后測(cè)定生物量、籽粒產(chǎn)量和植株養(yǎng)分濃度。收獲后對(duì)剩余土壤...
【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：157 頁(yè)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research Gaps and Justification
1.2 Research Objectives
1.3 The Road-map of the Research
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Heavy Metals
2.1 Sources of Heavy Metals
2.1.1 Geogenic Sources
2.1.2 Anthropogenic sources
2.2 Heavy metal pollution
2.2.1 Lead
2.2.2 Chromium
2.2.3 Cadmium (Cd~(2+))
2.3 Pathways of heavy metals
2.3.1 Pathway of heavy metals in the agro-environment
2.3.2 Pathways of HMs into animals and human beings
2.4 Effects and toxicity of heavy metals
2.4.1 Agricultural effect
2.4.2 Effects on food-animals
2.4.3 Human health effects
2.4.4 Economic effects
2.5 Heavy metals, rice and the world
2.6 Remediation of Heavy Metals
2.6.1 Electro-kinetic remediation
2.6.2 Phytoremediation
2.6.3 Stabilisation and solidification
2.7 Biochar
2.7.1 Definition of terms
2.7.2 Kiln
2.7.3 Feedstock
2.7.4 Char
2.7.5 Charcoal
2.7.6 Synthesis gas
2.7.7 Biooil
2.8 Biochar production processes
2.8.1 Hydrothermal Carbonization
2.8.2 Pyrolysis
2.9 Structural composition of biochar
2.10 Properties of biochar
2.10.1 Physical properties of biochar
2.10.2 Chemical properties of biochar
2.11 Effects of feedstock on biochar properties
2.12 Effects of temperature on biochar properties
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS and METHODS
3.1 Overview
3.2 Soils and sampling
3.3 Experimental setup
3.4 Soil characterization
3.4.1 Soil pH and Electrical Conductivity
3.4.2 Total Nitrogen (N), Total Phosphorus (P) and AvilablePhosphorus (AP)
3.4.3 Total Potassium (K)
3.4.4 Organic matter (Total Organic Matter TOC, Organic MatterOM)
3.4.5 Possible heavy metal contaminants
3.4.6 Characteristics of the soil used
3.4.7 Soil spiking
3.5 Biochar characterization
3.5.1 Biochar pH
3.5.2 Biochar electrical conductivity
3.5.3 Cadmium contaminants of biochar
3.5.4 Biochar Total Nitrogen
3.5.5 Characteristics of the corn straw biochar
3.5.6 Growth of rice
3.6 Fertilizer application
3.7 Experimental Data collection
3.7.1 Growth Data
3.7.2 Plant dry matter yield
3.7.3 Chemical analyses of plant material
3.7.4 Nutrient uptake
3.7.5 Yield per pot
3.7.6 Residual soil analysis
3.8 Data Analysis
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS
4.1 Overview
4.2 Cadmium and biochar influence on weekly plant height
4.3 Influence of cadmium spiking and biochar amendments on drymatter yield
4.3.1 Influence on stem weight
4.3.2 Influence on leaf weight
4.3.3 Influence on panicle weight
4.3.4 Influence on root weight
4.4 Influence of cadmium and biochar on yield parameters and yield
4.4.1 Rice per panicle
4.4.2 100 grain weight
4.4.3 Number of panicles
4.4.4 Yield per pot
4.5 Influence of cadmium and biochar on nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium uptake
4.5.1 Influence on stem nitrogen uptake
4.5.2 Influence on stem phosphorus uptake
4.5.3 Influence on stem potassium uptake
4.5.4 Influence on leaves nitrogen uptake
4.5.5 Influence on leaves phosphorus uptake
4.5.6 Influence on leaves potassium uptake
4.5.7 Influence on panicle nitrogen uptake
4.5.8 Influence on panicle phosphorus uptake
4.5.9 Influence on panicle potassium uptake
4.5.10 Influence on grain cadmium concentration
4.5.11 Influence on roots nitrogen uptake
4.5.12 Influence on roots phosphorus uptake
4.5.13 Influence on root potassium uptake
4.6 Influence of cadmium and biochar on soil properties
4.6.1 pH
4.6.2 Organic Carbon
4.6.3 Total Nitrogen
4.6.4 Total phosphorus
4.6.5 Total potassium
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSIONS
5.1 Characteristics of corn husk biochar
5.2 Influence of amendments on plant height
5.3 Influence of amendments on dry matter yield
5.4 Influence of amendments on grain yield parameters and grainyield
5.5 Influence of amendment on nutrient uptake
5.6 Influence on cadmium concentration in grains
5.7 Effects of amendments on residual chemical properties of soil
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Conclusions
6.2 Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Introduction and Academic Achievement during the Degree Period
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]Heavy metal contamination of urban topsoil in a petrochemical industrial city in Xinjiang,China[J]. WANG Wei,LAI Yingshuai,MA Yuanyuan,LIU Zilong,WANG Shufen,HONG Chenglin. Journal of Arid Land. 2016(06)
[2]Integrated approach of heavy metal pollution indices and complexity quantification using chemometric models in the Sirsa Basin, Nalagarh valley, Himachal Pradesh, India[J]. Rajkumar Herojeet,Madhuri S.Rishi,Naval Kishore. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry. 2015(04)
[3]施鉀和秸稈還田對(duì)春玉米產(chǎn)量、養(yǎng)分吸收及土壤鉀素平衡的影響[J]. 謝佳貴,侯云鵬,尹彩俠,孔麗麗,秦裕波,李前,王立春. 植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)與肥料學(xué)報(bào). 2014(05)
[4]黏土礦物原位修復(fù)鎘污染稻田及其對(duì)土壤氮磷和酶活性的影響[J]. 韓君,梁學(xué)峰,徐應(yīng)明,徐愿堅(jiān),雷勇,蔣榮輝. 環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào). 2014(11)
[5]從國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目分析應(yīng)對(duì)土壤鎘污染的研究發(fā)展方向[J]. 張標(biāo)金,羅林廣,魏益華,聶根新,張祥喜. 熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué). 2014(01)
[6]廣西刁江流域Cd和Pb復(fù)合污染稻田土壤的鈍化修復(fù)[J]. 王林,徐應(yīng)明,梁學(xué)峰,孫國(guó)紅,孫約兵,林大松. 生態(tài)與農(nóng)村環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào). 2012(05)
[7]污染土壤淋洗修復(fù)技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[J]. 李玉雙,胡曉鈞,孫鐵珩,侯永俠,宋雪英,楊繼松,陳紅亮. 生態(tài)學(xué)雜志. 2011(03)
[8]施用生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的影響[J]. 宋延靜,龔駿. 魯東大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版). 2010(04)
[9]中國(guó)農(nóng)田退化價(jià)值損失計(jì)量研究[J]. 李貴春,邱建軍,尹昌斌. 中國(guó)農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào). 2009(03)
[10]重金屬污染土壤的植物修復(fù)技術(shù)[J]. 邢前國(guó),潘偉斌,張?zhí)? 生態(tài)科學(xué). 2003(03)
本文編號(hào)：3720594
【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：157 頁(yè)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research Gaps and Justification
1.2 Research Objectives
1.3 The Road-map of the Research
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Heavy Metals
2.1 Sources of Heavy Metals
2.1.1 Geogenic Sources
2.1.2 Anthropogenic sources
2.2 Heavy metal pollution
2.2.1 Lead
2.2.2 Chromium
2.2.3 Cadmium (Cd~(2+))
2.3 Pathways of heavy metals
2.3.1 Pathway of heavy metals in the agro-environment
2.3.2 Pathways of HMs into animals and human beings
2.4 Effects and toxicity of heavy metals
2.4.1 Agricultural effect
2.4.2 Effects on food-animals
2.4.3 Human health effects
2.4.4 Economic effects
2.5 Heavy metals, rice and the world
2.6 Remediation of Heavy Metals
2.6.1 Electro-kinetic remediation
2.6.2 Phytoremediation
2.6.3 Stabilisation and solidification
2.7 Biochar
2.7.1 Definition of terms
2.7.2 Kiln
2.7.3 Feedstock
2.7.4 Char
2.7.5 Charcoal
2.7.6 Synthesis gas
2.7.7 Biooil
2.8 Biochar production processes
2.8.1 Hydrothermal Carbonization
2.8.2 Pyrolysis
2.9 Structural composition of biochar
2.10 Properties of biochar
2.10.1 Physical properties of biochar
2.10.2 Chemical properties of biochar
2.11 Effects of feedstock on biochar properties
2.12 Effects of temperature on biochar properties
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS and METHODS
3.1 Overview
3.2 Soils and sampling
3.3 Experimental setup
3.4 Soil characterization
3.4.1 Soil pH and Electrical Conductivity
3.4.2 Total Nitrogen (N), Total Phosphorus (P) and AvilablePhosphorus (AP)
3.4.3 Total Potassium (K)
3.4.4 Organic matter (Total Organic Matter TOC, Organic MatterOM)
3.4.5 Possible heavy metal contaminants
3.4.6 Characteristics of the soil used
3.4.7 Soil spiking
3.5 Biochar characterization
3.5.1 Biochar pH
3.5.2 Biochar electrical conductivity
3.5.3 Cadmium contaminants of biochar
3.5.4 Biochar Total Nitrogen
3.5.5 Characteristics of the corn straw biochar
3.5.6 Growth of rice
3.6 Fertilizer application
3.7 Experimental Data collection
3.7.1 Growth Data
3.7.2 Plant dry matter yield
3.7.3 Chemical analyses of plant material
3.7.4 Nutrient uptake
3.7.5 Yield per pot
3.7.6 Residual soil analysis
3.8 Data Analysis
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS
4.1 Overview
4.2 Cadmium and biochar influence on weekly plant height
4.3 Influence of cadmium spiking and biochar amendments on drymatter yield
4.3.1 Influence on stem weight
4.3.2 Influence on leaf weight
4.3.3 Influence on panicle weight
4.3.4 Influence on root weight
4.4 Influence of cadmium and biochar on yield parameters and yield
4.4.1 Rice per panicle
4.4.2 100 grain weight
4.4.3 Number of panicles
4.4.4 Yield per pot
4.5 Influence of cadmium and biochar on nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium uptake
4.5.1 Influence on stem nitrogen uptake
4.5.2 Influence on stem phosphorus uptake
4.5.3 Influence on stem potassium uptake
4.5.4 Influence on leaves nitrogen uptake
4.5.5 Influence on leaves phosphorus uptake
4.5.6 Influence on leaves potassium uptake
4.5.7 Influence on panicle nitrogen uptake
4.5.8 Influence on panicle phosphorus uptake
4.5.9 Influence on panicle potassium uptake
4.5.10 Influence on grain cadmium concentration
4.5.11 Influence on roots nitrogen uptake
4.5.12 Influence on roots phosphorus uptake
4.5.13 Influence on root potassium uptake
4.6 Influence of cadmium and biochar on soil properties
4.6.1 pH
4.6.2 Organic Carbon
4.6.3 Total Nitrogen
4.6.4 Total phosphorus
4.6.5 Total potassium
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSIONS
5.1 Characteristics of corn husk biochar
5.2 Influence of amendments on plant height
5.3 Influence of amendments on dry matter yield
5.4 Influence of amendments on grain yield parameters and grainyield
5.5 Influence of amendment on nutrient uptake
5.6 Influence on cadmium concentration in grains
5.7 Effects of amendments on residual chemical properties of soil
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Conclusions
6.2 Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Introduction and Academic Achievement during the Degree Period
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]Heavy metal contamination of urban topsoil in a petrochemical industrial city in Xinjiang,China[J]. WANG Wei,LAI Yingshuai,MA Yuanyuan,LIU Zilong,WANG Shufen,HONG Chenglin. Journal of Arid Land. 2016(06)
[2]Integrated approach of heavy metal pollution indices and complexity quantification using chemometric models in the Sirsa Basin, Nalagarh valley, Himachal Pradesh, India[J]. Rajkumar Herojeet,Madhuri S.Rishi,Naval Kishore. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry. 2015(04)
[3]施鉀和秸稈還田對(duì)春玉米產(chǎn)量、養(yǎng)分吸收及土壤鉀素平衡的影響[J]. 謝佳貴,侯云鵬,尹彩俠,孔麗麗,秦裕波,李前,王立春. 植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)與肥料學(xué)報(bào). 2014(05)
[4]黏土礦物原位修復(fù)鎘污染稻田及其對(duì)土壤氮磷和酶活性的影響[J]. 韓君,梁學(xué)峰,徐應(yīng)明,徐愿堅(jiān),雷勇,蔣榮輝. 環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào). 2014(11)
[5]從國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目分析應(yīng)對(duì)土壤鎘污染的研究發(fā)展方向[J]. 張標(biāo)金,羅林廣,魏益華,聶根新,張祥喜. 熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué). 2014(01)
[6]廣西刁江流域Cd和Pb復(fù)合污染稻田土壤的鈍化修復(fù)[J]. 王林,徐應(yīng)明,梁學(xué)峰,孫國(guó)紅,孫約兵,林大松. 生態(tài)與農(nóng)村環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào). 2012(05)
[7]污染土壤淋洗修復(fù)技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[J]. 李玉雙,胡曉鈞,孫鐵珩,侯永俠,宋雪英,楊繼松,陳紅亮. 生態(tài)學(xué)雜志. 2011(03)
[8]施用生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的影響[J]. 宋延靜,龔駿. 魯東大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版). 2010(04)
[9]中國(guó)農(nóng)田退化價(jià)值損失計(jì)量研究[J]. 李貴春,邱建軍,尹昌斌. 中國(guó)農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào). 2009(03)
[10]重金屬污染土壤的植物修復(fù)技術(shù)[J]. 邢前國(guó),潘偉斌,張?zhí)? 生態(tài)科學(xué). 2003(03)
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