【摘要】：本研究以長壽花‘Loren’、'Fiesta’、‘Theron’3個品種進(jìn)口無根苗為試驗(yàn)材料,通過對無根苗及扦插第三代苗,株高、莖粗、冠幅、節(jié)數(shù)、節(jié)間長、花枝數(shù)、花朵數(shù)、花梗長、花瓣數(shù)、花冠徑10個主要觀賞性狀指標(biāo)以及根系活力,在苗期、花蕾期、盛花期的測定與數(shù)據(jù)采集,分析地下部分生長與扦插退化現(xiàn)象的相關(guān)性。并采用體胚發(fā)生誘導(dǎo)途徑對退化植株進(jìn)行復(fù)壯技術(shù)的探索,以復(fù)壯后的組培苗做為母本,連續(xù)扦插六代,與進(jìn)口無根苗及無根苗扦插第三代苗進(jìn)行10個觀賞性狀之間的對比,比較復(fù)壯苗、進(jìn)口無根苗及進(jìn)口無根苗多代扦插苗之間的差異,研究退化原因,探尋復(fù)壯方法,為長壽花種苗國產(chǎn)化繁育提供理論依據(jù),也為長壽花優(yōu)質(zhì)種苗的規(guī)范化、規(guī)�；a(chǎn)奠定基礎(chǔ)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)引進(jìn)3個長壽花進(jìn)口品種無根苗,培育成品花,確定其觀賞性狀指標(biāo)為平均株高15.0-16.0cm,莖粗 15.5±1.5mm,冠幅 14.0-15.0cm,花梗長 4.0±1.0cm,3 個品種長壽花在開花枝數(shù)、小花朵數(shù)、花瓣數(shù)、花冠徑等觀賞性狀上有差異。進(jìn)口品種無根苗扦插一代后觀賞性狀出現(xiàn)退化,但苗期表現(xiàn)不明顯,盛花期表現(xiàn)明顯;其退化程度‘Fiesta’‘Loren'‘Theron'。(2)長壽花種苗復(fù)壯技術(shù)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),以葉片做為外植體開展體胚途徑退化苗的復(fù)壯研究,得到生長健壯,觀賞性狀好的組培苗。其中以莖段作為外植體誘導(dǎo)的組培苗易發(fā)生畸形變異;以花瓣為外植體誘導(dǎo)率低,且組培苗植株莖稈細(xì)弱。以葉片作為外植體,采用MS±6-BA1.0mg/L±NAA0.1mg/L,附加蔗糖和瓊脂,‘Loren’和‘Fiesta'可誘導(dǎo)出大量胚性愈傷組織,誘導(dǎo)率達(dá)到85.01%和 82.44%,采用 MS±6-BA2.0mg/L±NAA0.2mg/L,附加蔗糖和瓊脂,‘Theron'誘導(dǎo)率也可達(dá)到68.41%。在胚狀體的誘導(dǎo)過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)AC添加濃度對胚狀體誘導(dǎo)有一定影響;在胚狀體誘導(dǎo)成苗過程中,3個品種的最適誘導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)基6-BA添加濃度不同;成苗繼代增殖過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著6-BA濃度(0-0.4mg/L)增加,增殖系數(shù)增加。(3)復(fù)壯后的種苗扦插六代后與進(jìn)口無根苗及進(jìn)口苗扦插三代后的種苗進(jìn)行性狀比較,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)復(fù)壯苗扦插第三代10個主要觀賞性狀與進(jìn)口種苗無差異;且復(fù)壯后的前三代苗之間無顯著性差異,扦插至第四代開始出現(xiàn)性狀退化,表明進(jìn)口無根苗為扦插三代以后的扦插苗。
[Abstract]:In this study, the imported seedless seedlings of longevity flower 'Loren','Fiesta','Theron'3 varieties were used as experimental materials. Through the third generation seedlings, plant height, stem diameter, crown width, node number, Internode length, flower branch number, flower number and pedicel length, the length of plant height, stem diameter, crown width, node number, flower branch number, flower number and pedicel length were studied. The number of petals, the diameter of flower crown and 10 main ornamental traits and root activity were measured and collected at seedling stage, bud stage and flowering stage, and the correlation between the growth of underground part and cutting degradation was analyzed. The rejuvenation technique of degraded plants was explored by somatic embryogenesis induction pathway. The tissue culture seedlings after rejuvenation were used as female parent to cut for six generations, and 10 ornamental characters were compared with imported rooted seedlings and the third generation seedlings without roots. To compare the differences between rejuvenated seedlings, imported seedless seedlings and multi-generation cutting seedlings of imported seedless seedlings, to study the causes of degradation, to explore the methods of rejuvenation, to provide theoretical basis for the domestic breeding of long-lived flower seedlings, and to standardize the high quality seedlings of long-lived flowers. Large-scale production laid the foundation. The main results are as follows: (1) three imported varieties of longevity flowers were introduced to cultivate the finished flowers, and the ornamental traits were determined as follows: the average plant height was 15.0-16.0cm, the stem diameter was 15.5 鹵1.5 mm, the crown width was 14.0 鹵15.0cm, the average plant height was 15.0 cm, the stem diameter was 15.5 鹵1.5 cm, and the crown width was 15.0 cm. The length of pedicel was 4.0 鹵1.0 cm. There were differences in the number of flowering branches, the number of small flowers, the number of petals and the diameter of flower crown among the three varieties. After cutting for a generation, the ornamental characters of imported varieties showed degradation, but the performance of seedling stage was not obvious, and the performance of flowering stage was obvious. The degradation degree 'Fiesta''Loren''Theron'. (2) the rejuvenation technique of longevity flower seedlings was studied. it was found that using leaves as explants to study the rejuvenation of degraded seedlings through somatic embryo pathway, the tissue culture seedlings with strong growth and good ornamental shape were obtained. The abnormal variation of tissue culture seedlings induced by stem segments as explants was easy to occur, and the induction rate was low with petals as explants, and the stems of tissue culture seedlings were thin and weak. Using leaves as explants and MS 鹵6-BA1.0mg/L 鹵NAA0.1mg/L, supplemented with sucrose and Agar, 'Loren' and' Fiesta' could induce a large number of embryogenic calli, the induction rate was 85.01% and 82.44%, respectively. When MS 鹵6-BA2.0mg/L 鹵NAA0.2mg/L, was added with sucrose and Agar, the induction rate of 'Theron' was 68.41%. In the process of embryoid induction, it was found that the concentration of AC had a certain effect on embryoid induction, and the optimal concentration of 6-BA was different in the process of embryoid induction. During the subculture and proliferation of adult seedlings, it was found that with the increase of 6-BA concentration (0-0.4mg/L), the proliferation coefficient increased. (3) the characters of seedlings after six generations of rejuvenation were compared with those of imported seedless seedlings and imported seedlings after three generations of cutting. The results showed that there was no difference between the 10 main ornamental characters of the third generation of rejuvenated seedlings and the imported seedlings. There was no significant difference among the first three generations of seedlings after rejuvenation, and the characters of cutting began to degrade from the fourth generation, which indicated that the imported seedless seedlings were cutting seedlings after three generations of cutting.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S682.33

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