【摘要】：玉米葉夾角和葉寬是株型的重要影響因素,本研究以三組不同的自交系為親本構(gòu)建的三個(gè)四世代群體為材料,測(cè)量了穗上第一,第二和第三葉的葉夾角,進(jìn)行遺傳模型分析,并利用掖478和齊319以及以其為親本構(gòu)建的300個(gè)重組自交系(RILs)為群體,測(cè)量了穗上葉和穗下葉的葉夾角,以及棒三葉葉寬,并利用含有152個(gè)標(biāo)記的SSR遺傳連鎖圖譜對(duì)上述性狀進(jìn)行了 QTL定位,然后使用SNP遺傳圖譜對(duì)葉寬定位結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.以鄭58和昌7-2、C8605-2和598、CN165和81162為3組親本構(gòu)建了 3個(gè)四世代群體,利用單個(gè)分離世代分析方法研究葉夾角的遺傳規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,鄭58×昌7-2組合穗上三葉和598×C8605-2組合第三葉均符合E-6模型,即兩對(duì)等顯性主基因+加性-顯性多基因混合遺傳模型,598×C8605-2組合穗上第二葉、第一葉和CN165×81162組合穗上三葉都符合E-1模型,為兩對(duì)加性-顯性-上位性主基因+加性-顯性多基因混合遺傳模型。鄭58×昌7-2組合穗上第二葉,C8605-2×598組合穗上第一葉、第三葉及CN165×81162組合穗上3片葉主基因遺傳率較高,均在70%以上,受環(huán)境影響較少,在株型選擇時(shí)可以作為選擇對(duì)象。對(duì)4個(gè)環(huán)境下RIL群體棒三葉葉寬平均值進(jìn)行遺傳模型分析,結(jié)果表明均符合B-7模型,即兩對(duì)互補(bǔ)作用的主基因遺傳模型。2.將親本掖478和齊319及RIL群體在2015年和2016年種植在石家莊和新鄉(xiāng)兩個(gè)環(huán)境下,測(cè)得穗上葉和穗下葉葉夾角,利用SSR圖譜定位得到與穗上葉葉夾角相關(guān)的QTL8個(gè),分布在第1,2,6和10染色體上,表型貢獻(xiàn)率為5.47%～20.01%,其中第1染色體上存在1個(gè)一致性QTL。檢測(cè)到5個(gè)與穗下葉葉夾角相關(guān)的QTL,分布在第1,5,6和7染色體上,表型貢獻(xiàn)率為5.59%～9.20%。第6染色體上存在1個(gè)一致性QTL。3.利用含有152個(gè)SSR標(biāo)記的遺傳圖譜在四個(gè)環(huán)境下共檢測(cè)到與玉米棒三葉葉寬相關(guān)的QTL 52個(gè)。其中與穗上葉葉寬相關(guān)的QTL 17個(gè),與穗位葉及穗下葉葉寬相關(guān)的QTL分別有15個(gè)和20個(gè),分布在第1,2,4,6,7和8染色體上,其中貢獻(xiàn)率大于10%的有26個(gè)。在第7染色體bnlg1808和dupssr9標(biāo)記之間存在一個(gè)在四個(gè)環(huán)境下均被檢測(cè)到的QTL,平均表型貢獻(xiàn)率為18.36%,兩標(biāo)記的遺傳距離為9.33cM。根據(jù)B73序列圖譜,其物理距離為10.1Mb,與前人研究結(jié)果相符。4.根據(jù)SNP圖譜,在第7染色體定位到1個(gè)同時(shí)控制玉米棒三葉葉寬的一致性區(qū)段,且此區(qū)段與SSR圖譜定位結(jié)果相吻合,物理距離縮短為1.2Mb。在第1、4、6染色體上存在同時(shí)控制玉米棒三葉葉寬的區(qū)段,且均與SSR定位的區(qū)段接近。
[Abstract]:Leaf angle and leaf width are important influencing factors of plant type. In this study, three four-generation populations of three different inbred lines were used as materials to measure the leaf angle of the first, second and third leaves of the ear and analyze the genetic model. Three hundred recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were used as population to measure the leaf angle and leaf width of the upper and lower leaves of ear, and the width of the leaves of rod and clover were measured by using Ye 478 and Qi 319 as well as the 300 recombinant inbred lines constructed with them as parents. The SSR linkage map with 152 markers was used to map the above traits by QTL, and then the results of leaf width mapping were verified by SNP genetic map. The main findings are as follows: 1. Three four-generation populations were constructed with Zheng 58 and Chang 7, C8605 and 598, CN165 and 81162 as parents. The genetic law of leaf angle was studied by single segregation generation analysis. The results showed that the third leaf of Zheng 58 脳 Chang 7 / 2 and 598 脳 C8605 脳 C8605 / 2 were in accordance with the model of Ex6, that is, the mixed genetic model of additive-dominant polygene of two pairs of equidominant major genes, the second leaf of 598脳C8605-2 combination, and the third leaf of the combination of 598 脳 C8605 and 598 脳 C8605 respectively. Two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major gene additive-dominant polygene mixed genetic model were found in the first leaf and CN165 脳 81162 groups. The heritability of the major genes in the upper second leaf, the first leaf, the third leaf and the CN165 脳 81162 were higher in Zheng 58 脳 Chang 7 2, C 8605 and 2 脳 81162 groups, all of which were more than 70% and less affected by the environment. It could be used as the selection object when selecting plant type. The average leaf width of RIL population in four environments was analyzed by genetic model. The results showed that the genetic model was in accordance with the B-7 model, that is, the genetic model of two pairs of complementary major genes. 2. The parents Ye 478, Qi 319 and RIL were planted in Shijiazhuang and Xinxiang environments in 2015 and 2016. The angle between the upper and lower ear leaves was measured, and the QTL8 related to the angle between the ear leaf and the leaf were obtained by using SSR map. On chromosomes 6 and 10, the phenotypic contribution rate was 5.47% and 20.01%, and there was a consistent QTL. on chromosome 1. Five QTL, related to leaf angle were detected on chromosomes 1, 5, 6 and 7, and the phenotypic contribution rate was 5.59% and 9.20%. There is a consistent QTL.3. on chromosome 6 A total of 52 QTL related to leaf width of maize cob were detected by genetic map with 152 SSR markers in four environments. Among them, 17 QTL were related to leaf width of panicle, 15 and 20 were related to leaf width of ear and lower ear, respectively, and distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 8, 26 of which contributed more than 10%. There was an average phenotypic contribution rate of 18.36% of QTL, detected in four environments between chromosome 7 bnlg1808 and dupssr9 markers, and the genetic distance between the two markers was 9.33 cM. According to the B73 sequence map, the physical distance is 10.1 Mb, which is in agreement with the previous research results. 4. According to the SNP map, a consistent region was located on chromosome 7 which controlled the leaf width of Corn clover at the same time, and this region coincided with the result of SSR mapping, and the physical distance was shortened to 1.2Mb. On chromosome 1,4,6, there were segments which controlled the leaf width of Corn clover at the same time, and all of them were similar to those located by SSR.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S513
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本文編號(hào)：2454776