【摘要】：本試驗以馬鈴薯品種“新大坪”為供試品種,在大田定位連作(5年)的條件下,研究了馬鈴薯平畦不覆膜種植(CK)、平畦覆膜種植(T1)、全膜雙壟壟播種植(T2)、全膜雙壟溝播種植(T3)、半膜溝壟壟播種植(T4)、半膜膜側(cè)種植(T5)6種模式下連作馬鈴薯根系分泌物化合物種類和含量差異以及土壤化學性質(zhì)的變化規(guī)律。獲得如下主要研究結(jié)果:1.連作馬鈴薯根系分泌物種類主要包括烴、醇、酸、酮、酰胺、肼、酚、肟等化合物,其中酯類物質(zhì)相對含量最高,烴類次之;用三種試劑(甲醇、乙酸乙酯和正己烷)提取到的各處理馬鈴薯根系分泌物總數(shù)量分別為:平畦不覆膜49個、平畦覆膜39個、全膜壟播28個、全膜溝播32個、半膜壟播52個、半膜溝播41個;其中,采用乙酸乙酯提取到的根系分泌物種類最多,6種種植模式分別為:平畦不覆膜27個、平畦覆膜21個、全膜壟播15個、全膜溝播21個、半膜壟播21個、半膜溝播25個。2.6種模式馬鈴薯根系分泌物中均檢測出棕櫚酸甲酯、鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯和棕櫚酸,但各處理中用同一試劑提取的三種化感物質(zhì)相對含量不同,均為平畦不覆膜相對含量最高,全膜壟播最低;通過GC-MS檢測出平畦不覆膜特有的根系分泌物為環(huán)己酮(5.50%)和苯甲醇(10.90%),平畦覆膜特有的為1,16-十六烷二醇(1.33%)和反式對異丙基環(huán)己基甲酸(0.34%),全膜壟播特有的為阿魏酸異丙酯(4.7%),全膜溝播特有的為2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-N-甲基乙胺(2.13%),半膜壟播特有的為4-羥基-2-丁酮(19.67%)和1,3-二異丙苯(1.01%),半膜溝播特有的為4-丙基苯甲醛二乙縮醛(1.72%)。3.溝壟覆膜種植提高了土壤pH,其中,馬鈴薯苗期全膜溝播增幅最為1.13;溝壟覆膜降低了土壤電導率,隨著馬鈴薯的生長土壤電導率升高,馬鈴薯成熟期全膜壟播土壤電導率最低。4.溝壟覆膜種植促進了馬鈴薯對土壤速效氮和速效鉀的吸收,全膜壟播的速效氮吸收率增幅最大為17.8%,速效鉀吸收率增幅最大的是全膜溝播,達到29.5%。5.溝壟覆膜處理提高了土壤蔗糖酶、堿性磷酸酶、過氧化氫酶和脲酶活性,增幅分別為15.4%~26.1%、16.8%~85.7%、53.3%~89.3%和50%~150%,增幅最大的處理分別是全膜溝播、半膜溝播、半膜壟播和全膜壟播。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, the potato variety "Xindaping" was used as the test variety. Under the condition of continuous cropping in the field for 5 years, the (CK), flat border mulching planting (T1) and the whole film double ridge planting (T2) under the condition of potato flat border and no film mulching were studied. The variation of root exudate compounds and soil chemical properties of continuous cropping potato were studied under six models: full film double ridge planting (T 3), half film ridge planting (T 4) and half film side planting (T 5). The main results obtained are as follows: 1. The root exudates of potato under continuous cropping mainly include hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, ketones, amides, hydrazine, phenols and oxime, among which the relative contents of esters are the highest, followed by hydrocarbons. The total amount of potato root exudates extracted by three reagents (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) were 49, 39, 28, 32 and 52, respectively. 41 of them were sown in semimembranous groove; Among them, the root exudates extracted by ethyl acetate were the most. The six planting patterns were as follows: 27 flat-border mulching, 21 flat-border mulching, 15 full-film ridge sowing, 21 full-film furrow sowing and 21 half-film ridge planting. Methyl palmitate, dibutyl phthalate and palmitic acid were detected in root exudates of potato under half-film ditch sowing, but the relative contents of three allelochemicals extracted with the same reagent were different in each treatment. The relative content of non-mulching film in flat border was the highest and that of whole film ridge sowing was the lowest. GC-MS showed that the root exudates were cyclohexanone (5.50%) and benzyl alcohol (10.90%). 1, 16-hexadecanediol (1.33%) and trans-p-isopropylcyclohexyl formic acid (0.34%), and isopropyl ferulate (4.7%) were unique to the whole film ridge sowing. 2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-N-methylethylamine (2.13%) and 4-hydroxy-2-butanone (19.67%) and 1,3-diisopropylbenzene (1.01%) were endemic to whole film furrow sowing, respectively, and were characterized by 2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-N-methylethylamine (2.13%) and 4-hydroxy-2-butanone (19.67%), respectively. 4-propylbenzaldehyde diethyl acetal (1.72%) is unique to half-film ditch sowing. 3. Furrow and ridge mulching and film mulching increased soil pH, and potato seedling stage increased 1.13 by full film furrow sowing. Furrow and ridge mulching decreased the conductivity of soil. With the increase of electrical conductivity of potato growing soil, the conductivity of whole film ridge sowing soil was the lowest at the mature stage of potato. 4. Furrow and ridge mulching promoted potato absorption of available nitrogen and available potassium in soil. The maximum increase of available nitrogen absorption rate was 17.8%, and the largest increase of available potassium absorption rate was 29.5% in whole film furrow sowing. The activities of soil invertase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase and urease were increased by 15.4%, 16.8%, 85.7%, 53.3%, 89.3% and 50%, respectively, by furrow and ridge mulching, and the activities of soil invertase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase and urease were increased by 15.4%, 16.8%, 85.3% and 50%, respectively. The treatments with the largest increase were full-film furrow sowing, half-film ridge sowing and full-film ridge sowing.
【學位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S532

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